arXiv subjects

Ethan Fulcher

Publications and source records attributed to Ethan Fulcher.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Legged Autonomous Surface Science In Analogue Environments (LASSIE): Making Every Robotic Step Count in Planetary Exploration

The ability to efficiently and effectively explore planetary surfaces is currently limited by the capability of wheeled rovers to traverse challenging terrains, and by pre-programmed data acquisition plans with limited in-situ flexibility. In this paper, we present two novel approaches to address these limitations: (i) high-mobility legged robots that use direct surface interactions to collect rich information about the terrain's mechanics to guide exploration; (ii) human-inspired data acquisition algorithms that enable robots to reason about scientific hypotheses and adapt exploration priorities based on incoming ground-sensing measurements. We successfully verify our approach through lab work and field deployments in two planetary analog environments. The new capability for legged robots to measure soil mechanical properties is shown to enable effective traversal of challenging terrains. When coupled with other geologic properties (e.g., composition, thermal properties, and grain size data etc), soil mechanical measurements reveal key factors governing the formation and development of geologic environments. We then demonstrate how human-inspired algorithms turn terrain-sensing robots into teammates, by supporting more flexible and adaptive data collection decisions with human scientists. Our approach therefore enables exploration of a wider range of planetary environments and new substrate investigation opportunities through integrated human-robot systems that support maximum scientific return.

cs.RO↗

arXiv2026

Scout-Rover cooperation: online terrain strength mapping and traversal risk estimation for planetary-analog explorations

Robot-aided exploration of planetary surfaces is essential for understanding geologic processes, yet many scientifically valuable regions, such as Martian dunes and lunar craters, remain hazardous due to loose, deformable regolith. We present a scout-rover cooperation framework that expands safe access to such terrain using a hybrid team of legged and wheeled robots. In our approach, a high-mobility legged robot serves as a mobile scout, using proprioceptive leg-terrain interactions to estimate regolith strength during locomotion and construct spatially resolved terrain maps. These maps are integrated with rover locomotion models to estimate traversal risk and inform path planning. We validate the framework through analogue missions at the NASA Ames Lunar Simulant Testbed and the White Sands Dune Field. Experiments demonstrate (1) online terrain strength mapping from legged locomotion and (2) rover-specific traversal-risk estimation enabling safe navigation to scientific targets. Results show that scout-generated terrain maps reliably capture spatial variability and predict mobility failure modes, allowing risk-aware path planning that avoids hazardous regions. By combining embodied terrain sensing with heterogeneous rover cooperation, this framework enhances operational robustness and expands the reachable science workspace in deformable planetary environments.

cs.RO↗

arXiv2025

Effect of Gait Design on Proprioceptive Sensing of Terrain Properties in a Quadrupedal Robot

In-situ robotic exploration is an important tool for advancing knowledge of geological processes that describe the Earth and other Planetary bodies. To inform and enhance operations for these roving laboratories, it is imperative to understand the terramechanical properties of their environments, especially for traversing on loose, deformable substrates. Recent research suggested that legged robots with direct-drive and low-gear ratio actuators can sensitively detect external forces, and therefore possess the potential to measure terrain properties with their legs during locomotion, providing unprecedented sampling speed and density while accessing terrains previously too risky to sample. This paper explores these ideas by investigating the impact of gait on proprioceptive terrain sensing accuracy, particularly comparing a sensing-oriented gait, Crawl N' Sense, with a locomotion-oriented gait, Trot-Walk. Each gait's ability to measure the strength and texture of deformable substrate is quantified as the robot locomotes over a laboratory transect consisting of a rigid surface, loose sand, and loose sand with synthetic surface crusts. Our results suggest that with both the sensing-oriented crawling gait and locomotion-oriented trot gait, the robot can measure a consistent difference in the strength (in terms of penetration resistance) between the low- and high-resistance substrates; however, the locomotion-oriented trot gait contains larger magnitude and variance in measurements. Furthermore, the slower crawl gait can detect brittle ruptures of the surface crusts with significantly higher accuracy than the faster trot gait. Our results offer new insights that inform legged robot "sensing during locomotion" gait design and planning for scouting the terrain and producing scientific measurements on other worlds to advance our understanding of their geology and formation.

cs.RO↗