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Eva M. Weig

Publications and source records attributed to Eva M. Weig.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

All-dry processing of 3C-SiC nanomechanical string resonators for extreme aspect ratios and high intrinsic quality factor

Conventional fabrication of suspended nanomechanical resonators typically relies on wet-chemical process steps and critical point drying, which can compromise sample yield and cleanliness. Here, we present an all-dry fabrication process for strongly stressed 3C-SiC nanomechanical string resonators that entirely avoids wet-chemical etching and cleaning. Using a negative-tone electron-beam resist as an etch mask and a three-step reactive-ion etching process for both structuring and release, we achieve high fabrication yield, clean suspended structures, and extreme aspect ratios of 8.500. We perform full mechanical characterization of the resulting doubly-clamped nanostring resonators, and establish a benchmark intrinsic quality factor for dissipation-diluted 3C-SiC of Qintr = 4.200.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Niobium Titanium Nitride as a High Tensile Stress Material for Nanomechanics

Over the past decades, high-coherence mechanical resonators have been continuously pushed to new limits, using techniques such as dissipation dilution and clamp-tapering to enhance their quality factor beyond intrinsic material limitations. Today, these mechanical resonators are often fabricated from silicon-nitride, silicon-carbide or aluminum. Recently, however, interest in novel material platforms has grown, especially those allowing for the integration within superconducting circuits. Among these, superconducting nitrides stand out as particularly promising due to their high transition temperatures compared to elementary superconductors. Here, we introduce them as nanomechanical resonators and report on the fabrication and characterization of highly stressed, doubly clamped niobium titanium nitride (NbTiN) nanostring resonators. Using optical interferometry, we determine the elastic properties and mechanical quality factor from room temperature to 13 K. We observe high tensile stress up to 0.81 GPa along with a Young's modulus of 181 GPa and an intrinsic mechanical quality factor up to 850. With these favorable mechanical properties, NbTiN constitutes a promising material platform for future applications in cavity electro- and nanomechanics.

quant-ph

Extracting higher-order nonlinearities in nanomechanical resonators using the backbone relation

Nanomechanical resonators are a powerful platform for studying nonlinear dynamics with high sensitivity and precision. We explore the nonlinear response of a high-Q nanomechanical string resonator in and beyond the Duffing regime and introduce a robust framework for accurately extracting its conservative nonlinearities. The method is based on the backbone curve obtained from ringdown measurements, making it inherently resilient to small frequency fluctuations while explicitly accounting for both symmetry-breaking and non-symmetry-breaking nonlinearities. To validate the approach, we perform complementary ringdown and frequency-response measurements on the nanostring resonator and benchmark the backbone-based extraction against established frequency-response techniques. The comparison confirms the accuracy of the proposed framework and demonstrates its advantages over conventional methods for nonlinear characterization.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Universal Design Path for Optomechanical Crystals and One-dimensional Photonic Crystals

We have shown a pattern that connects the refractive index, area and the cavity modes of the optomechanical crystals (OMCs) by the same order function. By keeping the fundamental and second cavity modes within a range of -+16 nm and -+23 nm we have shown the link between the design area of the OMC and the refractive index of the material, by keeping the design area same we have shown the link between the refractive index and the cavity mode wavelength and by keeping the refractive index the same, we have shown the link between the cavity mode wavelength and the design area. We have performed simulations for 2 different OMC designs and 10 different refractive indices (9 different materials) to prove the first two claims and we have performed both simulations and experiments on a 3C-SiC OMC, which resulted as 100 nm shift of the second cavity mode, to prove the last claim. Our findings prove that a universal design for optomechanical crystals is possible, making the transition to different material bases easier to exploit their specific properties, suggesting a path to commercialize such devices for hybrid quantum technologies and having flexibility of tuning such devices for their own relative applications.

physics.optics

Reconstructing the system coefficients for coupled harmonic oscillators

Physical models often contain unknown functions and relations. In order to gain more insights into the nature of physical processes, these unknown functions have to be identified or reconstructed. Mathematically, we can formulate this research question within the framework of inverse problems. In this work, we consider optimization techniques to solve the inverse problem using Tikhonov regularization and data from laboratory experiments. We propose an iterative strategy that eliminates the need for further laboratory experiments. Our method is applied to identify the coupling and damping coefficients in a system of oscillators, ensuring an efficient and experiment-free approach. We present our results and compare them with those obtained from an alternative, purely experimental approach. By employing our proposed strategy, we demonstrate a significant reduction in the number of laboratory experiments required.

math.OC

Precise estimation of the coupling strength between two nanomechanical modes from four Ramsey fringes

We experimentally determine the coupling strength between two strongly coupled nanomechanical modes using a Ramsey-inspired technique optimized for signals as short as four fringes. The method is applied to precisely probe the change of the coupling rate induced by a modification of the microwave-cavity readout field. It opens a pathway towards sensing electrostatic field fluctuations approaching single-charge resolution.

quant-ph

In-situ profiling of pressure-induced exciton traps in suspended MoS$_2$ monolayers

We demonstrate the in-situ read-out of the spatial profile of suspended MoS$_2$ monolayers hosted on substrates with nano-structured holes. As the profiles are spatially bent, the suspended MoS$_2$ monolayers act as exciton traps with tunable luminescence intensity and energy. The tunability is realized by controlling the environmental pressure on the monolayers, which allows to control hundreds of suspended MoS$_2$ monolayers on a single substrate. The in-situ read-out is based on Fabry-Pérot interferences and a model of the corresponding reflectance contrast maps of the investigated monolayers.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Fundamental and second-subharmonic Autler-Townes splitting in classical systems

The dynamic Stark effect and the Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) are hallmarks of driven two-level systems. We establish a direct correspondence between these quantum phenomena and the parametric normal mode splitting in coupled classical oscillators. This gives rise to a second-subharmonic ATS under a two-tone parametric drive. We find excellent agreement between the theory and the vibrations of a nanomechanical two-mode system, capturing both the fundamental and second-subharmonic ATS, and allowing quantitative extraction of the modal coupling irrespective of the degree of modal hybridization.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Effect of Helium Ion Implantation on 3C-SiC Nanomechanical String Resonators

Hybrid quantum devices enable novel functionalities by combining the benefits of different subsystems. Particularly, point defects in nanomechanical resonators made of diamond or silicon carbide (SiC) have been proposed for precise magnetic field sensing and as versatile quantum transducers. However, the realization of a hybrid system may involve tradeoffs in the performance of the constituent subsystems. In a spin-mechanical system, the mechanical properties of the resonator may suffer from the presence of engineered defects in the crystal lattice. This may severely restrict the performance of the resulting device and needs to be carefully explored. Here, we focus on the impact of defects on high Q nanomechanical string resonators made of pre-stressed 3C-SiC grown on Si(111). We use helium ion implantation to create point defects and study their accumulated effect on the mechanical performance. Using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, we present a method to determine Young's modulus and the pre-stress of the strings. We find that Young's modulus is not modified by implantation. Under implantation doses relevant for single defect or defect ensemble generation, both tensile stress and damping rate also remain unaltered. For higher implantation dose, both exhibit a characteristic change.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Thermoelastic Damping in MEMS Gyroscopes at High Frequencies

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gyroscopes are widely used, e.g. in modern automotive and consumer applications, and require signal stability and accuracy in rather harsh environmental conditions. In many use cases, device reliability must be guaranteed under large external loads at high frequencies. The sensitivity of the sensor to such external loads depends strongly on the damping, or rather quality factor, of the high frequency mechanical modes of the structure. In this paper, we investigate the influence of thermoelastic damping on several high frequency modes by comparing finite element simulations with measurements of the quality factor in an application-relevant temperature range. We measure the quality factors over different temperatures in vacuum, to extract the relevant thermoelastic material parameters of the polycrystalline MEMS device. Our simulation results show a good agreement with the measured quantities, therefore proving the applicability of our method for predictive purposes in the MEMS design process. Overall, we are able to uniquely identify the thermoelastic effects and show their significance for the damping of the high frequency modes of an industrial MEMS gyroscope. Our approach is generic and therefore easily applicable to any mechanical structure with many possible applications in nano- and micromechanical systems.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Radiation pressure backaction on a hexagonal boron nitride nanomechanical resonator

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a van der Waals material with excellent mechanical properties hosting quantum emitters and optically active spin defects, several of them being sensitive to strain. Establishing optomechanical control of hBN will enable hybrid quantum devices that combine the spin degree of freedom with the cavity optomechanical toolbox. In this letter, we report the first observation of radiation pressure backaction at telecom wavelengths with a hBN drum-head mechanical resonator. The thermomechanical motion of the resonator is coupled to the optical mode of a high finesse fiber-based Fabry-Pérot microcavity in a membrane-in-the-middle configuration. We are able to resolve the optical spring effect and optomechanical damping with a single photon coupling strength of $g_0/2π= 1200$ Hz. Our results pave the way for tailoring the mechanical properties of hBN resonators with light.

physics.optics

Determining Young's modulus via the eigenmode spectrum of a nanomechanical string resonator

We present a method for the in-situ determination of Young's modulus of a nanomechanical string resonator subjected to tensile stress. It relies on measuring a large number of harmonic eigenmodes and allows to access Young's modulus even for the case of a stress-dominated frequency response. We use the proposed framework to obtain the Young's modulus of four different wafer materials, comprising the three different material platforms amorphous silicon nitride, crystalline silicon carbide and crystalline indium gallium phosphide. The resulting values are compared with theoretical and literature values where available, revealing the need to measure Young's modulus on the sample material under investigation for precise device characterization.

physics.app-ph

Iterative Adaptive Spectroscopy of Short Signals

We develop an iterative, adaptive frequency sensing protocol based on Ramsey interferometry of a two-level system. Our scheme allows one to estimate unknown frequencies with a high precision from short, finite signals. It avoids several issues related to processing of decaying signals and reduces the experimental overhead related to sampling. High precision is achieved by enhancing the Ramsey sequence to prepare with high fidelity both the sensing and readout state and by using an iterative procedure built to mitigate systematic errors when estimating frequencies from Fourier transforms.

physics.app-ph

Dynamical backaction in an ultrahigh-finesse fiber-based microcavity

The use of low-dimensional objects in the field of cavity optomechanics is limited by their low scattering cross section compared to the size of the optical cavity mode. Fiber-based Fabry-Pérot microcavities can feature tiny mode cross sections and still maintain a high finesse, boosting the light-matter interaction and thus enabling the sensitive detection of the displacement of minute objects. Here we present such an ultrasensitive microcavity setup with the highest finesse reported so far in loaded fiber cavities, $\mathcal{F} = 195\,000$. We are able to position-tune the static optomechanical coupling to a silicon nitride membrane stripe, reaching frequency pull parameters of up to $\mathrm{\lvert G/2π\rvert=1}\,\mathrm{GHz\, nm^{-1}}$. We also demonstrate radiation pressure backaction in the regime of an ultrahigh finesse up to $\mathcal{F}=165\,000$.

physics.optics

Universal length dependence of tensile stress in nanomechanical string resonators

We investigate the tensile stress in freely suspended nanomechanical string resonators, and observe a material-independent dependence on the resonator length. We compare strongly stressed sting resonators fabricated from four different material systems based on amorphous silicon nitride, crystalline silicon carbide as well as crystalline indium gallium phosphide. The tensile stress is found to increase by approximately 50% for shorter resonators. We establish a simple elastic model to describe the observed length dependence of the tensile stress. The model accurately describes our experimental data. This opens a perspective for stress-engineering the mechanical quality factor of nanomechanical string resonators.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Persistent response in ultra-strongly driven mechanical membrane resonators

We study experimentally and theoretically the phenomenon of persistent response in ultra-strongly driven membrane resonators. This term denotes the development of a vibrating state with nearly constant amplitude over an extreme wide frequency range. We reveal the underlying mechanism of the persistent response state by directly imaging the vibrational state using advanced optical interferometry. We argue that the persistent state is related to the nonlinear interaction between higher order flexural modes and higher-order overtones of the driven mode. Finally, we propose a stability diagram for the different vibrational states that the membrane can adopt.

physics.app-ph

Spontaneous parametric down-conversion induced by optomechanical gradient forces in nanophotonic waveguides

Optomechanical gradient forces arise from evanescent fields of guided waves in parallel photonic waveguides. When designed to be of attractive nature, they increase exponentially as the gap between the waveguides decreases. Moreover, the amplitude of the gradient force can be well controlled due to its linear dependence on the input laser power. Here, we propose to exploit the intrinsic nonlinear nature of the optomechanical gradient force to induce a tunable 3-wave coupling between the fundamental modes of two doubly clamped nanophotonic beams. For one of the beams having half the width of the other beam, the 1:2 internal resonance between the fundamental modes supports degenerate spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). We theoretically explore the main feature of the dissipative phase diagram of the underlying degenerate parametric oscillator model to show that the critical point of the SPDC occurs at parameters which are well in reach of state-of-the-art experiments.

physics.optics

Resonantly induced friction in driven nanomechanical systems

We propose a new mechanism of friction in resonantly driven vibrational systems. The form of the friction force follows from the time- and spatial-symmetry arguments. We consider a microscopic mechanism of this resonant force in nanomechanical systems. The friction can be negative, leading to an instability of forced vibrations of a nanoresonator and the onset of self-sustained oscillations in the rotating frame.

cond-mat.mes-hall