arXiv subjects

Evan Sheridan

Publications and source records attributed to Evan Sheridan.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Fermionic dynamics on a trapped-ion quantum computer beyond exact classical simulation

Simulation of the time-dynamics of fermionic many-body systems has long been predicted to be one of the key applications of quantum computers. Such simulations -- for which classical methods are often inaccurate -- are critical to advancing our knowledge and understanding of quantum chemistry and materials, underpinning a wide range of fields, from biochemistry to clean-energy technologies and chemical synthesis. However, the performance of all previous digital quantum simulations of fermions has been matched by classical methods, and it has thus far remained unclear whether near-term, intermediate-scale quantum hardware could offer any computational advantage in this area. Here, we implement an efficient quantum simulation algorithm on Quantinuum's System Model H2 trapped-ion quantum computer for the time dynamics of a 56-qubit system that is too complex for exact classical simulation. We focus on the periodic spinful 2D Fermi-Hubbard model and present evidence of spin-charge separation, where the elementary electron's charge and spin decouple. In the limited cases where ground truth is available through exact classical simulation, we find that it agrees with the results we obtain from the quantum device. Employing long-range Wilson operators to study deconfinement of the effective gauge field between spinons and the effective potential between charge carriers, we find behaviour that differs from predictions made by classical tensor network methods. Our results herald the use of quantum computing for simulating strongly correlated electronic systems beyond the capacity of classical computing.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2025

Programmable digital quantum simulation of 2D Fermi-Hubbard dynamics using 72 superconducting qubits

Simulating the time-dynamics of quantum many-body systems was the original use of quantum computers proposed by Feynman, motivated by the critical role of quantum interactions between electrons in the properties of materials and molecules. Accurately simulating such systems remains one of the most promising applications of general-purpose digital quantum computers, in which all the parameters of the model can be programmed and any desired physical quantity output. However, performing such simulations on today's quantum computers at a scale beyond the reach of classical methods requires advances in the efficiency of simulation algorithms and error mitigation techniques. Here we demonstrate programmable digital quantum simulation of the dynamics of the 2D Fermi-Hubbard model -- one of the best-known simplified models of electrons in crystalline solids -- at a scale beyond exact classical state-vector simulation. We implement simulations of this model on lattice sizes up to ${6\times 6}$ using 72 qubits on Google's Willow quantum processor, across a range of physical parameters, including different on-site electron-electron interaction strengths and magnetic flux values, and study phenomena including formation of magnetic polarons (charge carriers surrounded by local magnetic polarisation), dynamical symmetry-breaking in stripe-ordered states, attraction of charge carriers on an entangled background state known as a valence bond solid, and the approach to equilibrium through thermalisation. We validate our results against exact calculations in parameter regimes where these are feasible, and compare them to approximate classical simulations performed using tensor network and operator propagation methods. Our results demonstrate that meaningful programmable digital quantum simulation of many-body interacting electron models is now feasible on state-of-the-art quantum hardware.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2024

Enhancing density functional theory using the variational quantum eigensolver

Quantum computers open up new avenues for modelling the physical properties of materials and molecules. Density Functional Theory (DFT) is the gold standard classical algorithm for predicting these properties, but relies on approximations of the unknown universal functional, limiting its general applicability for many fundamental and technologically relevant systems. In this work we develop a hybrid quantum/classical algorithm called quantum enhanced DFT (QEDFT) that systematically constructs quantum approximations of the universal functional using data obtained from a quantum computer. We benchmark the QEDFT algorithm on the Fermi-Hubbard model, both numerically and on data from experiments on real quantum hardware. We find that QEDFT surpasses the quality of groundstate results obtained from Hartree-Fock DFT, as well as from direct application of conventional quantum algorithms such as VQE. Furthermore, we demonstrate that QEDFT works even when only noisy, low-depth quantum computation is available, by benchmarking the algorithm on data obtained from Google's quantum computer. We further show how QEDFT also captures quintessential properties of strongly correlated Mott physics for large Fermi-Hubbard systems using functionals generated on much smaller system sizes. Our results indicate that QEDFT can be applied to realistic materials and molecular systems, and has the potential to outperform the direct application of either DFT or VQE alone, without the requirement of large scale or fully fault-tolerant quantum computers.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2022

Engineering superconducting properties of multiferroic copper oxide heterostructures

Oxide heterostructures have repeatedly been shown to display apical properties at the interfaces, some of which favorable to the formation of two-dimensional electron systems, as well as high transition temperature superconductivity. In this study, we propose a novel heterostructure to potentially achieve near room-temperature superconductivity, via the carrier injection in cuprate interfaces with ferro-electrics. Using a digital design approach guided by density-functional theory, the systems of XTiO3/XCuO3/XTiO3 are thoroughly examined, confirming the formation of a two-dimensional electron gas at the cuprous oxide interface. Via the manipulation of lattice parameters, the key ingredients for two-dimensional electron gas formation is explored. We apply cluster dynamical mean-field theory on the cuprous oxide plane and probe the superconducting properties of the system XTiO3/XCuO3/XTiO3 . As a result, we see a marked increase of superconducting ordering parameter near the fully occupied regime, a known marker for the superconducting transition temperature.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2022

Towards near-term quantum simulation of materials

Simulation of materials is one of the most promising applications of quantum computers. On near-term hardware the crucial constraint on these simulations is circuit depth. Many quantum simulation algorithms rely on a layer of unitary evolutions generated by each term in a Hamiltonian. This appears in time-dynamics as a single Trotter step, and in variational quantum eigensolvers under the Hamiltonian variational ansatz as a single ansatz layer. We present a new quantum algorithm design for materials modelling where the depth of a layer is independent of the system size. This design takes advantage of the locality of materials in the Wannier basis and employs a tailored fermionic encoding that preserves locality. We analyse the circuit costs of this approach and present a compiler that transforms density functional theory data into quantum circuit instructions -- connecting the physics of the material to the simulation circuit. The compiler automatically optimises circuits at multiple levels, from the base gate level to optimisations derived from the physics of the specific target material. We present numerical results for materials spanning a wide structural and technological range. Our results demonstrate a reduction of many orders of magnitude in circuit depth over standard prior methods that do not consider the structure of the Hamiltonian. For example our results improve resource requirements for Strontium Vanadate (SrVO$_3$) from 864 to 180 qubits for a $3\times3\times3$ lattice, and the circuit depth of a single Trotter or variational layer from $7.5\times 10^8$ to depth $884$. Although this is still beyond current hardware, our results show that materials simulation may be feasible on quantum computers without necessarily requiring scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computers, provided quantum algorithm design incorporates understanding of the materials and applications.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2022

A single-projection three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm for scanning transmission electron microscopy data

Increasing interest in three-dimensional nanostructures adds impetus to electron microscopy techniques capable of imaging at or below the nanoscale in three dimensions. We present a reconstruction algorithm that takes as input a focal series of four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) data. We apply the approach to a lead iridate, Pb$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$, and yttrium-stabilized zirconia,Y$_{0.095}$Zr$_{0.905}$O$_2$ , heterostructure from data acquired with the specimen in a single plan-view orientation, with the epitaxial layers stacked along the beam direction. We demonstrate that Pb-Ir atomic columns are visible in the uppermost layers of the reconstructed volume. We compare this approach to the alternative techniques of depth sectioning using differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (DPC-STEM) and multislice ptychographic reconstruction.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2021

Data-Driven Dynamical Mean-Field Theory: an error-correction approach to solve the quantum many-body problem using machine learning

Machine learning opens new avenues for modelling correlated materials. Quantum embedding approaches, such as the dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT), provide corrections to first-principles calculations for strongly correlated materials, which are poorly described at lower levels of theory. Such embedding approaches are computationally demanding on classical computing architectures, and hence remain restricted to small systems, which limits the scope of applicability without exceptional computational resources. Here we outline a data-driven machine learning process for solving the Anderson Impurity Model (AIM) - the central component of DMFT calculations. The key advance is the use of an ensemble error-correction approach to generate fast and accurate solutions of AIM. An example calculation of the Mott transition using DMFT in the single band Hubbard model is given as an example of the technique, and is validated against the most accurate available method. This new approach is called data-driven dynamical mean-field theory (\textbf{d$^{3}$MFT}).

physics.comp-ph↗

arXiv2021

Microscopic Theory of Magnetic Disorder-Induced Decoherence in Superconducting Nb Films

The performance of superconducting qubits is orders of magnitude below what is expected from theoretical estimates based on the loss tangents of the constituent bulk materials. This has been attributed to the presence of uncontrolled surface oxides formed during fabrication which can introduce defects and impurities that create decoherence channels. Here, we develop an ab initio Shiba theory to investigate the microscopic origin of magnetic-induced decoherence in niobium thin film superconductors and the formation of native oxides. Our ab initio calculations encompass the roles of structural disorder, stoichiometry, and strain on the formation of decoherence-inducing local spin moments. With parameters derived from these first-principles calculations we develop an effective quasi-classical model of magnetic-induced losses in the superconductor. We identify d-channel losses (associated with oxygen vacancies) as especially parasitic, resulting in a residual zero temperature surface impedance. This work provides a route to connecting atomic scale properties of superconducting materials and macroscopic decoherence channels affecting quantum systems.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2021

Elucidating the local atomic and electronic structure of amorphous oxidized superconducting niobium films

Qubits made from superconducting materials are a mature platform for quantum information science application such as quantum computing. However, materials-based losses are now a limiting factor in reaching the coherence times needed for applications. In particular, knowledge of the atomistic structure and properties of the circuit materials is needed to identify, understand, and mitigate materials-based decoherence channels. In this work we characterize the atomic structure of the native oxide film formed on Nb resonators by comparing fluctuation electron microscopy experiments to density functional theory calculations, finding that an amorphous layer consistent with an Nb$_2$O$_5$ stoichiometry. Comparing X-ray absorption measurements at the Oxygen K edge with first-principles calculations, we find evidence of d-type magnetic impurities in our sample, known to cause impedance in proximal superconductors. This work identifies the structural and chemical composition of the oxide layer grown on Nb superconductors, and shows that soft X-ray absorption can fingerprint magnetic impurities in these superconducting systems.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2021

From Slater to Mott physics: epitaxial engineering of electronic correlations in oxide interfaces

Using spin-assisted ab-initio random structure searches, we explore an exhaustive quantum phase diagram of archetypal interfaced Mott insulators, i.e. lanthanum-iron and lanthanum-titanium oxides. In particular, we report that the charge transfer induced by the interfacial electronic reconstruction stabilises a high spin ferrous Fe2+ state. We provide a pathway to control the strength of correlation in this electronic state by tuning the epitaxial strain, yielding a manifold of quantum electronic phases, i.e. Mott-Hubbard, charge transfer and Slater insulating states. Furthermore we report that the electronic correlations are closely related to the structural oxygen octahedral rotations, whose control is able to stabilise the low spin state of Fe2+ at low pressure previously observed only under the extreme high pressure conditions in the Earth's lower mantle. Thus we provide avenues for magnetic switching via THz radiations which have crucial implications for next generation of spintronics technologies.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2018

A novel continuous time quantum Monte Carlo solver for dynamical mean field theory in the compact Legendre representation

Dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) is one of the most widely-used methods to treat accurately electron correlation effects in ab-initio real material calculations. Many modern large-scale implementations of DMFT in electronic structure codes involve solving a quantum impurity model with a Continuous-Time Quantum Monte Carlo (CT-QMC) solver. The main advantage of CT-QMC is that, unlike standard quantum Monte Carlo approaches, it is able to generate the local Green's functions of the correlated system on an arbitrarily fine imaginary time grid, and is free of any systematic errors. In this work, we extend a hybrid QMC solver proposed by Khatami et al. and Rost et al. to a multi-orbital context. This has the advantage of enabling impurity solver QMC calculations to scale linearly with inverse temperature and permit its application to d and f band materials. In addition, we present a novel Green's function processing scheme which generates accurate quasi-continuous imaginary time solutions of the impurity problem which overcome errors inherent to standard QMC approaches. This solver and processing scheme are incorporated into a full DFT+DMFT calculation using the CASTEP DFT code. Benchmark calculations for strontium vanadate properties are presented.

cond-mat.str-el↗