arXiv subjects

Evgeni Dimitrov

Publications and source records attributed to Evgeni Dimitrov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

From the Airy line ensemble to the Gaussian free field

We study the global fluctuations of the height function associated with the Airy line ensemble. Using its determinantal structure and a steepest-descent analysis of the extended Airy kernel, we prove that, after a suitable rescaling, the centered height function converges to an explicit pullback of the Gaussian free field. The convergence holds in the sense of joint moments of linear statistics against compactly supported continuous test functions.

math.PR↗

arXiv2026

Pinning in non-critical half-space geometric last passage percolation

We study a symmetrized (half-space) version of geometric last passage percolation with a boundary parameter $c$ that interpolates between subcritical, critical, and supercritical behavior. This model gives rise to a family of interlacing random curves, or a line ensemble, which encode both the usual last passage time and its higher-rank analogues. Although these ensembles are understood in most space-time regions, their behavior near the diagonal -- where the boundary effects are strongest -- has remained unclear outside the critical regime. We determine the universal scaling limits of the line ensemble in this near-diagonal region for both subcritical ($c < 1$) and supercritical ($c > 1$) phases. In the subcritical case, after appropriate centering and scaling, the entire line ensemble converges to the pinned half-space Airy line ensemble, a universal Brownian Gibbsian object recently constructed as a canonical limit for half-space models in the KPZ universality class in arXiv:2601.04546. In the supercritical case, we prove an analogous convergence together with a curve-separation phenomenon: the lower curves converge to the same pinned half-space Airy limit, while the top curve decouples and converges to Brownian motion. These results essentially complete the asymptotic description of half-space geometric last passage percolation and provide a new rigorous instance of the pinned half-space Airy line ensemble as a universal scaling limit.

math.PR↗

arXiv2026

Long-time asymptotics for Airy wanderer line ensembles

We investigate the long-time behavior of the Airy wanderer line ensembles, an infinite-parameter family of Brownian Gibbsian line ensembles arising as edge-scaling limits of inhomogeneous models in the Kardar--Parisi--Zhang universality class. These ensembles are governed by sequences of nonnegative parameters that encode the asymptotic slopes of the curves at positive and negative infinity. Our main results characterize the fluctuations around this leading-order behavior and establish functional limit theorems for the ensembles near both ends of the spatial axis. We show that, at a macroscopic level, an Airy wanderer line ensemble organizes into groups of finitely many curves sharing a common asymptotic slope. After appropriate centering and scaling, each such group converges to a Dyson Brownian motion whose dimension equals the size of the group. In the case where only finitely many slope parameters are positive, we further prove a curve separation phenomenon: the upper curves follow deterministic parabolic trajectories, while the remaining lower curves remain globally flat and converge to the classical Airy line ensemble.

math.PR↗

arXiv2026

The pinned half-space Airy line ensemble

Half-space models in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class exhibit rich boundary phenomena that alter the asymptotic behavior familiar from their full-space counterparts. A distinguishing feature of these systems is the presence of a boundary parameter that governs a transition between subcritical, critical, and supercritical regimes, characterized by different scaling exponents and fluctuation statistics. In this paper we construct the pinned half-space Airy line ensemble $\mathcal{A}^{\mathrm{hs}; \infty}$ on $[0,\infty)$ -- a natural half-space analogue of the Airy line ensemble -- expected to arise as the universal scaling limit of supercritical half-space KPZ models. The ensemble $\mathcal{A}^{\mathrm{hs}; \infty}$ is obtained as the weak limit of the critical half-space Airy line ensembles $\mathcal{A}^{\mathrm{hs}; \varpi}$ introduced in arXiv:2505.01798 as the boundary parameter $\varpi$ tends to infinity. We show that $\mathcal{A}^{\mathrm{hs}; \infty}$ has a Pfaffian point process structure with an explicit correlation kernel and that, after a parabolic shift, it satisfies a one-sided Brownian Gibbs property described by pairwise pinned Brownian motions. Far from the origin, $\mathcal{A}^{\mathrm{hs}; \infty}$ converges to the standard Airy line ensemble, while at the origin its distribution coincides with that of the ordered eigenvalues (with doubled multiplicity) of the stochastic Airy operator with $\beta = 4$.

math.PR↗

arXiv2025

Structural properties of the Airy wanderer line ensembles

The Airy wanderer line ensembles are infinite-parameter generalizations of the classical Airy line ensemble that arise naturally as scaling limits of inhomogeneous (spiked) models in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class. In this paper, we establish several structural properties of these ensembles. Our results show their laws depend continuously on the parameters, which encode the asymptotic slopes of the ensemble's curves near positive and negative infinity. We further prove that these ensembles admit multiple monotone couplings with respect to their parameters. Finally, we show that the Airy wanderer line ensembles are extreme points in the space of all Brownian Gibbsian line ensembles on the real line.

math.PR↗

arXiv2025

Curve separation in supercritical half-space last passage percolation

We study line ensembles arising naturally in symmetrized/half-space geometric last passage percolation (LPP) on the $N \times N$ square. The weights of the model are geometrically distributed with parameter $q^2$ off the diagonal and $cq$ on the diagonal, where $q \in (0,1)$ and $c \in [0, q^{-1})$. In the supercritical regime $c > 1$, we show that the ensembles undergo a phase transition: the top curve separates from the rest and converges to a Brownian motion under $N^{1/2}$ fluctuations and $N$ spatial scaling, while the remaining curves converge to the Airy line ensemble under $N^{1/3}$ fluctuations and $N^{2/3}$ spatial scaling. Our analysis relies on a distributional identity between half-space LPP and the Pfaffian Schur process. The latter exhibits two key structures: (1) a Pfaffian point process, which we use to establish finite-dimensional convergence of the ensembles, and (2) a Gibbsian line ensemble, which we use to extend convergence uniformly over compact sets.

math.PR↗

arXiv2025

A note on last passage percolation and Schur processes

In this note we provide a short proof of the distributional equality between last passage percolation with geometric weights along a general down-right path and Schur processes. We do this in both the full-space and half-space settings, and for general parameters. The main inputs for our arguments are generalizations of the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth correspondence and Greene's theorem due to Krattenthaler, which are based on Fomin's growth diagrams.

math.PR↗

arXiv2025

Asymptotics of Jack measures with homogeneous specializations

We consider Jack measures on partitions with homogeneous defining specializations. For each of the six distinct classes of measures obtained this way we prove a global law of large numbers with an explicit limiting particle density. We also demonstrate for one of these classes how to obtain a global central limit theorem, global and edge large deviation principles, and edge universality using the results of the paper. Our argument is based on explicitly evaluating Jack symmetric functions at homogeneous specializations, relating the Jack measures to the discrete $\beta$-ensembles from (Publications math{\' e}matiques de l'IH{\' E}S 125, 1-78, 2017) and using the discrete loop equations to substantially reduce computations.

math.PR↗

arXiv2025

Half-space Airy line ensembles

We construct a one-parameter family of infinite line ensembles on $[0, \infty)$ that are natural half-space analogues of the Airy line ensemble. Away from the origin these ensembles are locally described by avoiding Brownian bridges, and near the origin they are described by a sequence of avoiding reverse Brownian motions with alternating drifts, that depend on the parameter of the model. In addition, the restrictions of our ensembles to finitely many vertical lines form Pfaffian point processes with the crossover kernels obtained by Baik-Barraquand-Corwin-Suidan (Ann. Probab., 46(6), 3015-3089, 2018)

math.PR↗

arXiv2024

Tightness for interlacing geometric random walk bridges

We investigate a class of line ensembles whose local structure is described by independent geometric random walk bridges, which have been conditioned to interlace with each other. The latter arise naturally in the context Schur processes, including their versions in a half-space and a finite interval with free or periodic boundary conditions. We show that under one-point tightness of the curves, these line ensembles are tight and any subsequential limit satisfies the Brownian Gibbs property. As an application of our tightness results, we show that sequences of spiked Schur processes, that were recently considered in arXiv:2408.08445, converge uniformly over compact sets to the Airy wanderer line ensembles.

math.PR↗

arXiv2024

Airy wanderer line ensembles

In (J. Stat. Phys. 132, 275-290, 2008) Borodin and P\'ech\'e introduced a generalization of the extended Airy kernel based on two infinite sets of parameters. For an arbitrary choice of parameters we construct determinantal point processes on $\mathbb{R}^2$ for these generalized kernels. In addition, for a subset of the parameter space we show that the point processes can be lifted to line ensembles on $\mathbb{R}$, which satisfy the Brownian Gibbs property. Our ensembles generalize the wanderer line ensembles introduced by Corwin and Hammond in (Invent. Math. 195, 441-508, 2014).

math.PR↗

arXiv2024

Multi-level loop equations for $β$-corners processes

The goal of the paper is to introduce a new set of tools for the study of discrete and continuous $β$-corners processes. In the continuous setting, our work provides a multi-level extension of the loop equations (also called Schwinger-Dyson equations) for $β$-log gases obtained by Borot and Guionnet in (Commun. Math. Phys. 317, 447-483, 2013). In the discrete setting, our work provides a multi-level extension of the loop equations (also called Nekrasov equations) for discrete $β$-ensembles obtained by Borodin, Gorin and Guionnet in (Publications math{\' e}matiques de l'IH{\' E}S 125, 1-78, 2017).

math.PR↗

arXiv2024

Global asymptotics for $β$-Krawtchouk corners processes via multi-level loop equations

We introduce a two-parameter family of probability distributions, indexed by $β/2 = θ> 0$ and $K \in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}$, that are called $β$-Krawtchouk corners processes. These measures are related to Jack symmetric functions, and can be thought of as integrable discretizations of $β$-corners processes from random matrix theory, or alternatively as non-determinantal measures on lozenge tilings of infinite domains. We show that as $K$ tends to infinity the height function of these models concentrates around an explicit limit shape, and prove that its fluctuations are asymptotically described by a pull-back of the Gaussian free field, which agrees with the one for Wigner matrices. The main tools we use to establish our results are certain multi-level loop equations introduced in our earlier work arXiv:2108.07710.

math.PR↗

arXiv2023

Uniform convergence of Dyson Ferrari--Spohn diffusions to the Airy line ensemble

We consider the Dyson Ferrari--Spohn diffusion $\mathcal{X}^N = (\mathcal{X}^N_1,\dots,\mathcal{X}^N_N)$, consisting of $N$ non-intersecting Ferrari--Spohn diffusions $\mathcal{X}^N_1 > \cdots > \mathcal{X}^N_N > 0$ on $\mathbb{R}$. This object was introduced by Ioffe, Velenik, and Wachtel (2018) as a scaling limit for line ensembles of $N$ non-intersecting random walks above a hard wall with area tilts, which model certain three-dimensional interfaces in statistical physics. It was shown by Ferrari and Shlosman (2023) that as $N\to\infty$, after a spatial shift of order $N^{2/3}$ and constant rescaling in time, the top curve $\mathcal{X}^N_1$ converges to the $\mathrm{Airy}_2$ process in the sense of finite-dimensional distributions. We extend this result by showing that the full ensemble $\mathcal{X}^N$ converges with the same shift and time scaling to the Airy line ensemble in the topology of uniform convergence on compact sets. In our argument we formulate a Brownian Gibbs property with area tilts for $\mathcal{X}^N$, which we show is equivalent after a global parabolic shift to the usual Brownian Gibbs property introduced by Corwin and Hammond (2014).

math.PR↗

arXiv2022

One-point asymptotics for half-flat ASEP

We consider the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) with half-flat initial condition. We show that the one-point marginals of the ASEP height function are described by those of the $\mbox{Airy}_{2 \rightarrow 1}$ process, introduced by Borodin-Ferrari-Sasamoto in (Commun. Pure Appl. Math., 61, 1603-1629, 2008). This result was conjectured by Ortmann-Quastel-Remenik (Ann. Appl. Probab., 26, 507-548), based on an informal asymptotic analysis of exact formulas for generating functions of the half-flat ASEP height function at one spatial point. Our present work provides a fully rigorous derivation and asymptotic analysis of the same generating functions, under certain parameter restrictions of the model.

math.PR↗

arXiv2022

A global large deviation principle for discrete $β$-ensembles

We consider discrete $β$-ensembles, as introduced by Borodin, Gorin and Guionnet in (Publications math{\' e}matiques de l'IH{\' E}S 125, 1-78, 2017). Under general assumptions, we establish a large deviation principle for the empirical (or spectral) measures corresponding to these models. Our results apply in the cases when the potential of the model depends on the number of particles, and/or has slow growth near infinity, leading to an equilibrium measure with infinite support.

math.PR↗

arXiv2022

Asymptotics of discrete $β$-corners processes via two-level discrete loop equations

We introduce and study a class of discrete particle ensembles that naturally arise in connection with classical random matrix ensembles, log-gases and Jack polynomials. Under technical assumptions on a general analytic potential we prove that the global fluctuations of these ensembles are asymptotically Gaussian with a universal covariance that remarkably differs from its counterpart in random matrix theory. Our main tools are certain novel algebraic identities that we have discovered. They play a role of discrete multi-level analogues of loop equations.

math.PR↗

arXiv2022

Spatial tightness at the edge of Gibbsian line ensembles

Consider a sequence of Gibbsian line ensembles, whose lowest labeled curves (i.e., the edge) have tight one-point marginals. Then, given certain technical assumptions on the nature of the Gibbs property and underlying random walk measure, we prove that the entire spatial process of the edge is tight. We then apply this black-box theory to the log-gamma polymer Gibbsian line ensemble which we construct. The edge of this line ensemble is the transversal free energy process for the polymer, and our theorem implies tightness with the ubiquitous KPZ class $2/3$ exponent, as well as Brownian absolute continuity of all the subsequential limits. A key technical innovation which fuels our general result is the construction of a continuous grand monotone coupling of Gibbsian line ensembles with respect to their boundary data (entrance and exit values, and bounding curves). {\em Continuous} means that the Gibbs measure varies continuously with respect to varying the boundary data, {\em grand} means that all uncountably many boundary data measures are coupled to the same probability space, and {\em monotone} means that raising the values of the boundary data likewise raises the associated measure. This result applies to a general class of Gibbsian line ensembles where the underlying random walk measure is discrete time, continuous valued and log-convex, and the interaction Hamiltonian is nearest neighbor and convex.

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