arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Evgeny V. Ferapontov.
We demonstrate that interesting examples of Lagrangian multiforms appear naturally in the theory of multidimensional dispersionless integrable systems as (a) higher-order conservation laws of linearly degenerate PDEs in 3D, and (b) in the context of Gibbons-Tsarev equations governing hydrodynamic reductions of heavenly type equations in 4D.
We investigate Hamiltonian aspects of the integro-differential kinetic equation for dense soliton gas which results as a thermodynamic limit of the Whitham equations. Under a delta-functional ansatz, the kinetic equation reduces to a non-diagonalisable system of hydrodynamic type whose matrix consists of several $2\times 2$ Jordan blocks. We demonstrate that the resulting system possesses local Hamiltonian structures of differential-geometric type, for all standard two-soliton interaction kernels (KdV, sinh-Gordon, hard-rod, Lieb-Liniger, DNLS, and separable cases). In the hard-rod case, we show that the continuum limit of these structures provides a local multi-Hamiltonian formulation of the full kinetic equation.
We demonstrate that linear degeneracy is a necessary condition for quasilinear systems of Jordan block type to possess first-order Hamiltonian structures. Multi-Hamiltonian formulation of linearly degenerate systems governing delta-functional reductions of the kinetic equation for dense soliton gas is established (for KdV, sinh-Gordon, hard-rod, Lieb-Liniger, DNLS, and separable cases).
We investigate integrability of Euler-Lagrange equations associated with 2D second-order Lagrangians of the form \begin{equation*} \int f(u_{xx},u_{xy},u_{yy})\ dxdy. \end{equation*} By deriving integrability conditions for the Lagrangian density $f$, examples of integrable Lagrangians expressible via elementary functions, Jacobi theta functions and dilogarithms are constructed. A link of second-order integrable Lagrangians to WDVV equations is established. Generalisations to 3D second-order integrable Lagrangians are also discussed.
Equations of dispersionless Hirota type have been thoroughly investigated in the mathematical physics and differential geometry literature. It is known that the parameter space of integrable Hirota type equations in 3D is 21-dimensional and the action of the natural equivalence group Sp(6, R) on the parameter space has an open orbit. However the structure of the `master-equation' corresponding to this orbit remained elusive. Here we prove that the master-equation is specified by the vanishing of any genus 3 theta constant with even characteristic. The rich geometry of integrable Hirota type equations sheds new light on local differential geometry of the genus 3 hyperelliptic divisor, in particular, the integrability conditions can be viewed as local differential-geometric constraints that characterise the hyperelliptic divisor uniquely modulo Sp(6, C)-equivalence.