Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

Eyal Z. Goren

Publications and source records attributed to Eyal Z. Goren.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2026

Generating sets for maximal orders in rational quaternion algebras

Given a maximal order $\mathfrak{O}$ in a rational definite quaternion algebra, and a prime $\ell$ coprime to the discriminant of $\mathfrak{O}$, this paper considers subsets of $\mathfrak{O}$ consisting of elements with $\ell$-power norms that together generate $\mathfrak{O}$ as a $\mathbb{Z}$-algebra. We prove two theorems about the existence of such sets: the first states that $\mathfrak{O}$ is generated by elements of norm $\ell^k$ for any $k$ larger than an explicit bound, and the second states that there is a generating set for $\mathfrak{O}$ consisting of at most three elements, each with norm a power of $\ell$. We discuss implications for the study of supersingular isogeny graphs. As steps towards these theorems, for quaternion orders $\mathcal{O}$ that are not necessarily maximal, we also prove structural results about the algebra of Brandt matrices for $\mathcal{O}$ and explicit bounds on the coefficients of the theta function of $\mathcal{O}$. Computational experiments are also discussed.

math.NT↗
arXiv2025

Supersingular elliptic curves, quaternion algebras and applications to cryptography

This paper contains a survey of supersingular isogeny graphs associated to supersingular elliptic curves and their various applications to cryptography. Within limitation of space, we attempt to address a broad audience and make this part widely accessible. For those graphs we also present three recent results and sketch their proofs. We then discuss a generalization to superspecial isogeny graphs associated to superspecial abelian varieties with real multiplication. These graphs were introduced by Charles, Goren and Lauter and so our discussion is brief. Motivated by their cryptographic applications, we prove a general theorem concerning generation of lattices over totally real fields by elements of specified norm. Throughout the paper we have attempted to clarify certain considerations that are either vaguely stated in the literature, or are folklore. We hope this paper will be useful both to a novice wishing to familiarize themselves with this very active area, and to the expert who may enjoy some vignettes and an overview of some new results.

math.NT↗
arXiv2023

On elements of prescribed norm in maximal orders of a quaternion algebra

Let $\mathcal{O}$ be a maximal order in the quaternion algebra over $\mathbb{Q}$ ramified at $p$ and $\infty$. We prove two theorems that allow us to recover the structure of $\mathcal{O}$ from limited information. The first says that for any infinite set $S$ of integers coprime to $p$, $\mathcal{O}$ is spanned as a $\mathbb{Z}$-module by elements with norm in $S$. The second says that $\mathcal{O}$ is determined up to isomorphism by its theta function.

math.NT↗
arXiv2023

Foliations on Shimura varieties in positive characteristic

This paper is a continuation of [G-dS1]. We study foliations of two types on Shimura varieties $S$ in characteristic $p$. The first, which we call "tautological foliations", are defined on Hilbert modular varieties, and lift to characteristic $0$. The second, the "$V$-foliations", are defined on unitary Shimura varieties in characteristic $p$ only, and generalize the foliations studied by us before, when the CM field in question was quadratic imaginary. We determine when these foliations are $p$-closed, and the locus where they are smooth. Where not smooth, we construct a "successive blow up" of our Shimura variety to which they extend as smooth foliations. We discuss some integral varieties of the foliations. We relate the quotient of $S$ by the foliation to a purely inseparable map from a certain component of another Shimura variety of the same type, with parahoric level structure at $p$, to $S.$

math.AG↗
arXiv2021

$p$-adic Dynamics of Hecke Operators on Modular Curves

In this paper we study the $p$-adic dynamics of prime-to-$p$ Hecke operators on the set of points of modular curves in both cases of good ordinary and supersingular reduction. We pay special attention to the dynamics on the set of CM points. In the case of ordinary reduction we employ the Serre-Tate coordinates, while in the case of supersingular reduction, we use a parameter on the deformation space of the unique formal group of height $2$ over $\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p$, and take advantage of the Gross-Hopkins period map.

math.NT↗
arXiv2019

Theta operators on unitary Shimura varieties

We define a theta operator on p-adic vector-valued modular forms on unitary groups of arbitrary signature, over a quadratic imaginary field in which p is inert. We study its effect on Fourier-Jacobi expansions and prove that it extends holomorphically beyond the μ-ordinary locus, when applied to scalar-valued forms.

math.NT↗
arXiv2018

Foliations on unitary Shimura varieties in positive characteristic

When $p$ is inert in the quadratic imaginary field $E$ and $m<n$, unitary Shimura varieties of signature $(n,m)$ and a hyperspecial level subgroup at $p$, carry a natural foliation of height 1 and rank $m^2$ in the tangent bundle of their special fiber $S$. We study this foliation and show that it acquires singularities at deep Ekedahl-Oort strata, but these singularities are resolved if we pass to a natural smooth moduli problem $S^\sharp$, a successive blow-up of $S$. Over the ($μ$-)ordinary locus we relate the foliation to Moonen's generalized Serre-Tate coordinates. We study the quotient of $S^\sharp$ by the foliation, and identify it as the Zariski closure of the ordinary-étale locus in the special fibre $S_0(p)$ of a certain Shimura variety with parahoric level structure at $p$. As a result we get that this "horizontal component" of $S_0(p)$, as well as its multiplicative counterpart, are non-singular (formerly they were only known to be normal and Cohen-Macaulay). We study two kinds of integral manifolds of the foliation: unitary Shimura subvarieties of signature $(m,m)$, and a certain Ekedahl-Oort stratum that we denote $S_{fol}$. We conjecture that these are the only integral submanifolds.

math.AG↗
arXiv2018

On the bad reduction of certain U(2, 1) Shimura varieties

Let $E$ be a quadratic imaginary field and let $p$ be a prime which is inert in $E.$ We study three types of Picard modular surfaces in positive characteristic $p$ and the morphisms between them. The first Picard surface, denoted $S$, parametrizes triples $(A,ϕ,ι)$ comprised of an abelian threefold $A$ with an action $ι$ of the ring of integers $\mathcal{O}_{E}$, and a principal polarization $ϕ$. The second surface, $S_{0}(p)$, parametrizes, in addition, a suitably restricted choice of a subgroup $H\subset A[p]$ of rank $p^{2}$. The third Picard surface, $\widetilde{S}$, parametrizes triples $(A,ψ,ι)$ similar to those parametrized by $S$, but where $ψ$ is a polarization of degree $p^{2}$. We study the components, singularities and naturally defined stratifications of these surfaces, and their behaviour under the morphisms. A particular role is played by a foliation we define on the blow-up of $S$ at its superspecial points.

math.AG↗
arXiv2017

Faltings heights of abelian varieties with complex multiplication

Let M be the Shimura variety associated with the group of spinor similitudes of a rational quadratic space over of signature (n,2). We prove a conjecture of Bruinier-Kudla-Yang, relating the arithmetic intersection multiplicities of special divisors and big CM points on M to the central derivatives of certain $L$-functions. As an application of this result, we prove an averaged version of Colmez's conjecture on the Faltings heights of CM abelian varieties.

math.NT↗
arXiv2016

Height pairings on orthogonal Shimura varieties

Let $M$ be the Shimura variety associated to the group of spinor similitudes of a quadratic space over $\mathbb{Q}$ of signature $(n,2)$. We prove a conjecture of Bruinier and Yang, relating the arithmetic intersection multiplicities of special divisors and CM points on $M$ to the central derivatives of certain $L$-functions. Each such $L$-function is the Rankin-Selberg convolution associated with a cusp form of half-integral weight $n/2 +1 $, and the weight $n/2$ theta series of a positive definite quadratic space of rank $n$. When $n=1$ the Shimura variety $M$ is a classical quaternionic Shimura curve, and our result is a variant of the Gross-Zagier theorem on heights of Heegner points.

math.NT↗
arXiv2011

A Gross-Zagier formula for quaternion algebras over totally real fields

We prove a higher dimensional generalization of Gross and Zagier's theorem on the factorization of differences of singular moduli. Their result is proved by giving a counting formula for the number of isomorphisms between elliptic curves with complex multiplication by two different imaginary quadratic fields $K$ and $K^\prime$, when the curves are reduced modulo a supersingular prime and its powers. Equivalently, the Gross-Zagier formula counts optimal embeddings of the ring of integers of an imaginary quadratic field into particular maximal orders in $B_{p, \infty}$, the definite quaternion algebra over $\QQ$ ramified only at $p$ and infinity. Our work gives an analogous counting formula for the number of simultaneous embeddings of the rings of integers of primitive CM fields into superspecial orders in definite quaternion algebras over totally real fields of strict class number 1. Our results can also be viewed as a counting formula for the number of isomorphisms modulo $\frak{p} | p$ between abelian varieties with CM by different fields. Our counting formula can also be used to determine which superspecial primes appear in the factorizations of differences of values of Siegel modular functions at CM points associated to two different CM fields, and to give a bound on those supersingular primes which can appear. In the special case of Jacobians of genus 2 curves, this provides information about the factorizations of numerators of Igusa invariants, and so is also relevant to the problem of constructing genus 2 curves for use in cryptography.

math.NT↗
arXiv2010

Genus 2 Curves with Complex Multiplication

Genus 2 curves are useful in cryptography for both discrete-log based and pairing-based systems, but a method is required to compute genus 2 curves such that the Jacobian has a given number of points. Currently, all known methods involve constructing genus 2 curves with complex multiplication via computing their three Igusa class polynomials. These polynomials have rational coefficients and require extensive computation and precision to compute. Both the computation and the complexity analysis of these algorithms can be improved by a more precise understanding of the denominators of the coefficients of the polynomials. The main goal of this paper is to give a bound on the denominators of Igusa class polynomials of genus 2 curves with CM by a primitive quartic CM field. We give an overview of Igusa's results on the moduli space of genus two curves and the method to construct genus 2 curves via their Igusa invariants. We also give a complete characterization of the reduction type of a CM abelian surface, for biquadratic, cyclic, and non-Galois quartic CM fields, and for any type of prime decomposition of the prime, including ramified primes. The methods of the proof of the main result involve studying the embedding problem of the quartic CM field into certain matrix algebras over quaternions and invoking techniques from crystalline deformation theory.

math.NT↗
arXiv2009

Canonical Subgroups over Hilbert Modular Varieties

We obtain new results on the geometry of Hilbert modular varieties in positive characteristic and morphisms between them. Using these results and methods of rigid geometry, we develop a theory of canonical subgroups for abelian varieties with real multiplication.

math.NT↗
arXiv2005

Evil Primes and Superspecial Moduli

For a quartic primitive CM field $K$, we say that a rational prime $p$ is {\it evil} if at least one of the abelian varieties with CM by $K$ reduces modulo a prime ideal $\gerp| p$ to a product of supersingular elliptic curves with the product polarization. We call such primes {\it evil primes for $K$}. In \cite{GL}, we showed that for fixed $K$, such primes are bounded by a quantity related to the discriminant of the field $K$. In this paper, we show that evil primes are ubiquitous in the sense that, for any rational prime $p$, there are an infinite number of fields $K$ for which $p$ is evil for $K$. The proof consists of two parts: (1) showing the surjectivity of the abelian varieties with CM by $K$, for $K$ satisfying some conditions, onto the the superspecial points modulo $\gerp$ of the Hilbert modular variety associated to the intermediate real quadratic field of $K$, and (2) showing the surjectivity of the superspecial points modulo $\gerp$ of the Hilbert modular variety associated to a large enough real quadratic field onto the superspecial points modulo $\gerp$ with principal polarization on the Siegel moduli space.

math.NT↗
arXiv2005

The canonical subgroup: a "subgroup-free" approach

Beyond the crucial role they play in the foundations of the theory of overconvergent modular forms, canonical subgroups have found new applications to analytic continuation of overconvergent modular forms. For such applications, it is essential to understand various ``numerical'' aspects of the canonical subgroup, and in particular, the precise extent of its overconvergence. We develop a theory of canonical subgroups for a general class of curves (including the unitary and quaternionic Shimura curves), using formal and rigid geometry. In our approach, we use the common geometric features of these curves rather than their (possible) specific moduli-theoretic description.

math.NT↗
arXiv2004

Class invariants for quartic CM fields

One can define class invariants for a quartic primitive CM field K as special values of certain Siegel (or Hilbert) modular functions at CM points corresponding to K. We provide explicit bounds on the primes appearing in the denominators of these algebraic numbers. This allows us, in particular, to construct S-units in certain abelian extensions of K, where S is effectively determined by K. It also yields class polynomials for primitive quartic CM fields whose coefficients are S-integers.

math.NT↗
arXiv2003

Hilbert modular forms: mod $p$ and $p$-adic aspects

We study Hilbert modular forms in characteristic $p$ and over $p$-adic rings. In the characteristic $p$-theory we describe the kernel and image of the $q$-expansion map and prove the existence of filtration for Hilbert modular forms; we define operators $U$, $V$ and $Θ_χ$ and study the variation of the filtration under these operators. In particular, we prove that every ordinary eigenform has filtration in a prescribed box of weights. Our methods are geometric -- comparing holomorphic Hilbert modular forms with rational functions on a moduli scheme with level-$p$ structure, whose poles are supported on the non-ordinary locus. In the $p$-adic theory we study congruences between Hilbert modular forms. This applies to the study of congruences between special values of zeta functions of totally real fields. It also allows us to define $p$-adic Hilbert modular forms "à la Serre" as $p$-adic uniform limit of classical modular forms, and compare them with the $p$-adic modular forms "à la Katz" that are regular functions on a certain formal moduli scheme. We show that the two notions agree for cusp forms and for a suitable class of weights containing all the classical ones. We extend the operators $V$ and $Θ_χ$ to the $p$-adic setting.

math.NT↗