arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to F. Darabi.
In this work, we obtain a relation for average quantum time dilation between two clocks A and B in the near-horizon region of a black hole supported by the Rindler metric and conformal tortoise coordinate. It is indicated that this relation is identified with time dilation in classical and flat background limits.
In this paper, we study a hybrid combination of Einstein-Hilbert action with curvature scalar $R$, and a function $f(\mathcal{R})$ in Palatini gravity within the context of inflationary scenario, from the Swampland conjecture point of view. This hybrid model has been paid attention in recent cosmological studies, and its applications have been widely studied in the literature. In this regard, using the Swampland conjecture (using ($ C_ {1} $) as the first component of dS swampland conjecture, which is obtained from the first derivative of the potential upon the potential and ($ C_ {2} $) as the second component which is acquired from the second derivative of the potential upon the potential), we investigate the cosmological implications of the present gravity theory, with a suitable potential, in the framework of inflationary scenario to obtain cosmological quantities such as slow-roll parameter, scalar spectral index $(n_{s})$, tensor-to-scalar ratio ($r_{s}$), and then compare them with the cosmological observations. Moreover, we compare the compatibility or incompatibility of the model with observable data, such as Planck, by applying Swampland conjecture to $r_{s}-n_{s}$ , $C_{1,2}-n_{s}$ and $C_{1,2}-r_{s}$ plots.
The understanding of time and dynamics can be elucidated by examining the concept of entanglement in quantum theory. This particular perspective on time is referred to as the timeless approach, which posits that the universe exists in a fixed state where two separate subsystems, namely the "clock" and the "rest," are entangled. By selecting an appropriate observable for the clock, the state of the rest of the universe evolves unitarily in relation to the variable that labels the clock observable's eigenstates, which is then interpreted as time. This intriguing model, initially introduced by Page and Wootters, has also been applied to the context of curved spacetime. In this study, we explore various uncertainties pertaining to the dynamics of the rest of the universe within a curved spacetime, including ambiguities related to the clock, the system's time evolution, the flow of time, and the recording of its history. Our investigation is primarily focused on the near horizon region of a black hole, as the peculiar behavior of quantum effects in this area allows for a thorough examination of the timeless depiction proposed by Page and Wootters in describing the system's dynamics within curved spacetime. This analysis may be valuable for quantum gravity projects that align with the approach put forth by Page and Wootters. It is worth noting that the application of the Page and Wootters approach in this particular region results in a distinct clock without any ambiguity. However, the other aforementioned issues, unlike those resolved in the realm of quantum mechanics, persist in this region.
We consider the Wheeler-DeWitt equation near the horizon of the black hole where the entangled vacuum state is chosen as the static universe state. Then, using the entangled property of the vacuum state, we investigate the dynamical evolution of the subsystems, namely inside and outside of the horizon.
In this paper, we use the Hojman symmetry approach to find new $(2+1)$-dimensional $f(R)$ gravity solutions, in comparison to Noether symmetry approach. In the special case of Hojman symmetry vector $X=R$, we recover $(2+1)$-dimensional BTZ black hole and generalized $(2+1)$-dimensional BTZ black hole solutions, obtained by Noether symmetry approach, and the interesting point is that the cosmological constant is appeared as the direct manifestation of Hojman symmetry.
We introduce a new kind of super warped product spaces $\bar{M}_{_{(I)}}=\textbf{I}^{1|0}\times_f M^{m|n}$, $\bar{M}_{_{(II)}}=\textbf{I}^{0|1}\times_{f} M^{m|n}$, and $\bar{M}_{_{(III)}}=\textbf{I}^{1|1}\times_{f} M^{m|n}$, where $M^{m|n}$ is a supermanifold of dimension $m|n$, $\textbf{I}^{δ|δ'}$ is standard superdomain with $\textbf{I}=(0,1)$ and $δ,δ' \in \{0,1\}$, subject to the warp functions $f(t)$, $f(\bar t)$, and $f(t, \bar t)$, respectively. In each super warped product space, $\bar{M}_{_{(I)}}$, $\bar{M}_{_{(II)}}$, and $\bar{M}_{_{(III)}}$, it is shown that Einstein equations $\bar{G}_{AB}=-\barΛ\bar{g}_{AB}$, with cosmological term $\barΛ$ are reducible to the Einstein equations $G_{αβ} = -Λg_{αβ}$ on the super space $M^{m|n}$ with cosmological term $Λ$, where $\barΛ$ and $Λ$ are functions of $f(t)$, $f(\bar t)$, and $f(t, \bar t)$, as well as ($m$, $n$). This dependence points to the origin of cosmological terms which turn out to be within the warped structure of the super space-time. By using the Generalized Robertson-Walker space-time, as a super space-time, and demanding for constancy of $\barΛ$ we can determine the warp functions and $Λ$ which result in finding the solutions for Einstein equations $\bar{G}_{AB}=-\barΛ\bar{g}_{AB}$ and $G_{αβ} = -Λg_{αβ}$. We have discussed the cosmological solutions, for each kind of super warped product space, in the special case of $M^{3|0}$.
In this paper, we investigate the Einstein equations with cosmological constant for Randall-Sundrum (RS) and Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) models to determine the warp functions in the context of warp product spacetimes. In RS model, it is shown that Einstein's equation in the bulk is reduced into the brane as a vacuum equation, having vacuum solution, which is not affected by the cosmological constant in the bulk. In DGP model, it is shown that the Einstein's equation in the bulk is reduced into the brane and along the extra dimension, where both equations are affected by the cosmological constant in the bulk. We have solved these equations in DGP model, subject to vanishing cosmological constants on the brane and along extra dimension, and obtained exact solutions for the warp functions. The solutions depend on the typical values of cosmological constant in the bulk as well as the dimension of the brane. So, corresponding to the typical values, some solutions have exponential behaviours which may be set to represent warp inflation on the brane, and some other solutions have oscillating behaviours which may be set to represent warp waves or branes waves along the extra dimension.
We study the entropic considerations on the Universe system and the Universe-Black hole system, filled by cosmological constant or exotic quintessence-like and phantom-like fields having negative pressure, using their relevant entropic bounds. It turns out that for both systems these considerations single out the cosmological constant, among the negative pressure candidate fields, as the viable cosmological field.
We study the Vaidya black hole surrounded by the exotic quintessence-like, phantom-like and cosmological constant-like fields by means of entropic considerations. Explicitly, we show that for this thermodynamical system, the requirement for the identification of D-bound and Bekenstein entropy bound can be considered as a thermodynamical criterion by which one can rule out the quintessence-like and phantom-like fields, and prefer the cosmological constant as a viþable cosmological field.
The cosmological candidate fields for dark energy as quintessence, phantom and cosmological constant, are studied in terms of an entropic hypothesis imposed on the McVittie solution surrounded by dark energy. We certify this hypothesis as "$D$-bound-Bekenstein bound identification" for dilute systems and use it as a criterion to determine which candidate of dark energy can satisfy this criterion for a dilute McVittie solution. It turns out that only the cosmological constant can pass this criterion successfully while the quintessence and phantom fields fail, as non-viable dark energy fields for this particular black hole solution. Moreover, assuming this black hole to possess the saturated entropy, the entropy-area law and the holographic principle can put two constraints on the radius $R$ of the cosmological horizon. The first one shows that the Hubble radius is discrete such that for any arbitrary value of the black hole mass $m_{0}$, the value of $R$ is determined up to an integer number. The latter one shows that when a black hole is immersed in a cosmological background, the radius of the cosmological horizon is constrained as $R<\frac{1}{H}$.
In this paper, we find exact string cosmological solutions for FRW cosmology, by using Hojman symmetry approach. The string cosmology under consideration includes a scalar field $ψ(t)$ with the potential $W(ψ)$, and a totally antisymmetric field strength $H_{μνρ}$ which is specifically defined in terms of the scale factor $a(t)$. We show that for this string cosmology, Hojman conserved quantities exist using which new exact solutions for the scale factor and the scalar field are obtained for specific potentials $W(ψ)$ with some free parameters. The presence of these parameters, together with those of arising from Hojman symmetry, is an important advantage using which one can construct the solutions $a(t)$ and $ψ(t)$ with variety of cosmological behaviors.
We consider the possibility of the quantum vacuum states in f(R,T) gravity. Particularly, we study the Bogoliubov transformations associated to different vacuum states for some f(R,T) models. The method consists of fixing the f(R,T) free parameters by requiring the Bogoliubov coefficients to be minimized. In such a way, the particle production is related to the value of the Hubble parameter and also the given f(R,T) model.
We quantize a flat cosmological model in the context of $f(T)$ theory of modified gravity using the Dirac's quantization approach for Hamiltonian constraint systems. In this regard, first we obtain the Wheeler-DeWitt equation as the operator equation of the Hamiltonian constraint and solve it for some typical cosmological models of $f(T)=T-2Λ$, $f(T)= β\sqrt{-2T}$ and $f(T)= γT^2$. Then, in the context of classical-quantum correspondence, we interpret the obtained wavefunctions of the universe to describe an accelerating de Sitter universe which is found to be in good agreement with $f(T)=T-2Λ$ model. Finally, we study Bohm--de Broglie interpretation of the quantum model for $f(T)=T-2Λ$ model.
We study the Padmanabhan's emergent Universe in the context of Bousso's covariant entropy conjecture. We find that for a flat Universe, this conjecture can be applied for the system of Padmanabhan's emergent Universe. It turns out that the maximum "bulk entropy" of Padmanabhan's emergent Universe coincides with the upper bound of Bousso's covariant entropy on the null surface defined by Hubble horizon, provided that the Universe is just filled by the cosmological constant or radiation field which represent maximal entropy during inflation and subsequent radiation dominant era. This maximal entropy is lost by the appearance of matter system in the Universe at matter dominant era. Applying D-bound on the matter system in the Padmanabhan's emergent Universe, we find that the apparent cosmological horizon of a flat Universe in matter dominant era has less area and entropy than those (maximal) of apparent cosmological horizon of an empty de-Sitter space, in complete agreement with our conclusion. The maximal area and entropy in the Padmanabhan's emergent Universe are recovered "as soon as possible" by transition from matter dominant to cosmological constant eras, provided that the matter inside the Universe is moved completely outward the apparent cosmological horizon in "an accelerating way" at late times.
In this paper, in the framework of massive bigravity, we study all possible cosmic evolutions by using a method in which the modified Friedmann equation is written in a form where the scale factor evolves like the motion of a particle under a "potential". Massive bigravity provides this potential with the most general mass interaction term which can create new circumstances to find different kinds of cosmological evolutions in the early universe. We classify all possible cosmic evolutions according to the classifications of the energy density as dust, radiation and dust with phantom. Oscillating universe and Einstein static state which exist initially may show a useful property of early universe, obtained in this model, in which the initial singularity is avoided. Bouncing universe extracted in the massive bigravity model can present a reasonable cosmic evolutionary behavior having a big bang initial point with expansion phase and switching to contraction phase leading to final big crunch point. The large-valued graviton mass $m$ in the early times causes a very small $a_{\rm{S}}$ (The Einstein static state scale factor) and $λ=ρ_{0}a_{0}^{3}$ a constant parameter constructed of the present day energy density and scale factor, respectively.
In the present work, we study the general surrounded Vaidya solution by the various cosmological fields and its nature describing the possibility of the formation of naked singularities or black holes. Motivated by the fact that real astrophysical black holes as non-stationary and non-isolated objects are living in non-empty backgrounds, we focus on the black hole subclasses of this general solution describing a dynamical evaporating-accreting black holes in the dynamical cosmological backgrounds of dust, radiation, quintessence, cosmological constant-like and phantom fields, the so called surrounded Vaidya black hole. Then, we analyze the timelike geodesics associated with the obtained surrounded black holes and we find that some new correction terms arise relative to the case of Schwarzschild black hole. Also, we address some of the subclasses of the obtained surrounded black hole solution for both dynamical and stationary limits. Moreover, we classify the obtained solutions according to their behaviors under imposing the positive energy condition and discuss how this condition imposes some severe and important restrictions on the black hole and its background field dynamics.
We present non-critical Bianchi type $I$ string cosmology solutions in the presence of central charge deficit term $Λ$. The leading order string frame curvature appears to be in the high curvature limit $Rα'\gtrsim1$, which underlines the necessity of including higher order $α'$-corrections. We give new solutions of two-loop (order $α'$) $β$-function equations of $σ$-model with non-zero $Λ$ and dilaton field in both cases of absence and presence of spatially homogeneous $H$-field ($H=dB$). Also, the evolution of solutions is studied in the Einstein frame, where the string effective action can transform to Gauss-Bonnet gravity model coupled to the dilaton field with potential. We study explicit examples in order $α'$ with chosen values of appeared constants in the solutions and discuss the cosmological implications.
We study the thermodynamical features and dynamical evolutions of various apparent horizons associated with the Vaidya evaporating black hole surrounded by the cosmological fields of dust, radiation, quintessence, cosmological constant-like and phantom. In this regard, we address in detail how do these surrounding fields contribute to the characteristic features of a surrounded dynamical black hole in comparison to a dynamical black hole in an empty background.