arXiv subjects

Fan Ye

Publications and source records attributed to Fan Ye.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Reactive polar mesogenic self-assembly approach enables domain-programmable polymer ferroelectrics

Ferroelectric polymers combine switchable polarization with the processability of soft materials, but their development has been dominated by poly(vinylidene fluoride) and related fluoropolymers, whose crystalline polar phases restrict mechanical compliance and domain design with spatial precision. Here we establish a generic design principle for creating intrinsically flexible ferroelectric liquid-crystal polymers through reactive polar mesogenic self-assembly. The approach creates polyfluoroalkyl-free polymer films in which robust ferroelectric order arises from liquid-crystalline molecular organization rather than crystalline phase formation. By transferring ferroelectric order from fluid mesogenic states into polymer networks, the resulting materials combine mechanical adaptability with programmable polar architectures. Especially, the photoalignment technology enables these polar states to be organized into pixelated domain architectures. This work establishes a design space towards soft ferroelectric polymers that integrate molecularly programmed polar order, mechanical tunability and environmentally conscious chemistry, expanding the design space of adaptive materials for flexible electronics, wearable systems and soft robotics.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv2026

Monopole triangle over integers

We prove the surgery exact triangle for monopole (Seiberg--Witten) Floer homology over integer coefficients, extending the work of Kronheimer--Mrowka--Ozsv\'{a}th--Szab\'{o} over $\mathbb{Z}/2$, Lin--Ruberman--Saveliev over $\mathbb{Q}$, and Freeman over $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{-1}]$. Our proof is based on a modification of Kronheimer--Mrowka's local system on monopole Floer homology and an adaptation of Freeman's computation. As a standard application, following Bloom and Scaduto, we obtain a spectral sequence $\widetilde{Kh}_{\mathrm{odd}}(L)\Rightarrow \widetilde{HM}_\bullet(-\Sigma_2(L))$ over integer coefficients for an oriented link $L\subset S^3$, thereby solving Ozsv\'{a}th--Rasmussen--Szab\'{o}'s conjecture.

math.GT↗

arXiv2026

An infinity-categorical TQFT from instantons

In this paper, we upgrade the instanton TQFT from ordinary categories to a functor $CI$ from an $\infty$-cobordism category $\mathrm{BI}$ for instantons to an $\infty$-derived category $\mathsf{D}$ of $2$-periodic chain complexes and sums of homogeneous chain maps. The construction of $\mathrm{BI}$ is a modification of the $\infty$-cobordism category $\mathrm{Bord}_4$ constructed by Lurie and Calaque--Scheimbauer via complete Segal spaces. The construction of $\mathsf{D}$ follows from the dg-nerve of a dg-category of $2$-periodic chain complexes over finitely generated projective modules over $\mathbb{Z}$. The information encoded in the functor $CI$ was already developed by Kronheimer--Mrowka using families of metrics on cobordisms, but our reinterpretation through $\infty$-categories simplifies the construction of the hypercube of chain complexes for the link spectral sequence. In addition, we upgrade the generalized cap product $\mu$-operators in instanton Floer homology to the chain level and construct explicit homotopies and higher homotopies for commutativity of multiple $\mu$-operators in even degrees.

math.GT↗

arXiv2025

Instanton 2-torsion and fibered knots

We prove that the unreduced singular instanton homology $I^\sharp(Y,K;\mathbb{Z})$ has $2$-torsion for any null-homologous fibered knot $K$ of genus $g>0$ in a closed $3$-manifold $Y$ except for $\#^{2g}S^1\times S^2$. The main technical result is a formula of $I^\sharp(Y,K;\mathbb{C})$ via sutured instanton theory, by which we can compare the dimensions of $I^\sharp(Y,K;\mathbb{F}_2)$ and $I^\sharp(Y,K;\mathbb{C})$. As a byproduct, we show that $I^\sharp(S^3,K;\mathbb{C})$ for a knot $K\subset S^3$ admitting lens space surgeries is determined by the Alexander polynomial, while some special cases of torus knots have been previously studied by many people. Another byproduct is that the next-to-top Alexander grading summand of instanton knot homology $KHI(S^3,K,g(K)-1)$ is non-vanishing when $K$ has unknotting number one, which generalizes the Baldwin--Sivek's result in the fibered case. Finally, we discuss the relation to the Heegaard Floer theory.

math.GT↗

arXiv2025

Singular instanton homology of dual knots

We establish a dimension formula for the unreduced singular instanton homology of dual knots $\widetilde{K}_{p/q}\subset S^3_{p/q}(K)$ for a knot $K\subset S^3$: $$ \dim I^\sharp(S^3_{p/q}(K),\widetilde{K}_{p/q},\omega; \mathbb{K}) = 2q \cdot r_{\mathbb{K}}(K) + 2|p - q \cdot \nu^\sharp_{\mathbb{K}}(K)|~\mathrm{for}~p/q\neq \nu^\sharp_{\mathbb{K}}(K), $$where $\omega\subset S^3\backslash K$ is any unoriented $1$-submanifold as the bundle set, $r_{\mathbb{K}}(K)$ and $\nu^\sharp_{\mathbb{K}}(K)$ are integers from the dimension formula of $I^\sharp(S^3_{p/q}(K);\mathbb{K})$ for a field $\mathbb{K}$ defined by Li and the author. In particular, when $\mathbb{K}$ is the two-element field $\mathbb{F}_2$, the reduced singular instanton homology satisfies\[\dim I^\natural(S^3_{p/q}(K),\widetilde{K}_{p/q},\omega;\mathbb{F}_2)=\dim I^\sharp(S^3_{p/q}(K);\mathbb{F}_2)~\mathrm{for}~p/q\neq \nu^\sharp_{\mathbb{F}_2}(K).\]As an application, for a determinant-one knot $K\subset S^3$ other than the unknot and the torus knots $T_{2,3},T_{2,5}$ and a rational $p/q\in (0,6)$ with $p$ odd prime power, the surgery manifold $\widehat{Y}_{p/2q}(\widehat{K})$ is not $SU(2)$-abelian for the double branched cover $\widehat{Y}=\Sigma(S^3,K)$ and the preimage $\widehat{K}\subset \widehat{Y}$ of $K$. We also obtain non-abelian results for $SU(2)$ representations of the knot complement that send the curves of some fixed slope in $(0,6)$ to traceless elements.

math.GT↗

arXiv2025

Instanton dimensions of knot surgeries over arbitrary fields

Suppose $K \subset S^3$ is a knot and suppose $p$ and $q$ are co-prime integers with $q\ge 1$. For any field $\mathbb{K}$, we establish a dimension formula for the framed instanton homology of knot surgeries: $$ \dim I^\sharp(S^3_{p/q}(K); \mathbb{K}) = q \cdot r_{\mathbb{K}}(K) + |p - q \cdot \nu^\sharp_{\mathbb{K}}(K)| $$ for certain integers $r_{\mathbb{K}}(K)$ and $\nu^\sharp_{\mathbb{K}}(K)$, except possibly when $p/q = \nu^\sharp_{\mathbb{K}}(K)$ and $\nu^\sharp_{\mathbb{K}}(K)$ is even. This formula generalizes the result of Baldwin--Sivek from the case $\mathbb{K} = \mathbb{C}$ to arbitrary fields. Based on the result for $\mathbb{K} = \mathbb{Z}/2$, we obtain that $S^3_{p/q}(K)$ is not $SU(2)$-abelian for any knot $K$ other than the unknot and the right-handed trefoil whenever $p/q \in [0,6)$ and $p \in \{ a^e, 2a^e \}$ for some prime number $a$ and natural number $e$, thereby extending existing results for $p/q \in [0,5]$ and $p = a^e$. A byproduct of the techniques developed in this paper is that we generalize the distance-two surgery exact triangle by Culler--Daemi--Xie and Daemi--Miller-Eismeier--Lidman from $\mathbb{Z}/2$ coefficients to any coefficient ring.

math.GT↗

arXiv2025

Instanton 2-torsion and Dehn surgeries

In our earlier work on $2$-torsion in instanton Floer homology, we considered only integral surgeries on a knot $K\subset S^3$ and showed that the absence of $2$-torsion forces $K$ to be fibered. The present paper extends the result to all rational surgeries. We prove that if the framed instanton homology $I^{\sharp}(S^3_r(K);\mathbb{Z})$ is $2$-torsion-free for some $r\in \mathbb{Q}_+$, then $K$ is an instanton L-space knot and $r>2g(K)-1$. Leveraging this $2$-torsion perspective, we also obtain new small-surgery obstructions: If either $S^{3}_{5}(K)$ or $S^{3}_{11/2}(K)$ is $SU(2)$-abelian, then $K$ must be the unknot or the right-handed trefoil. This result sharpens the small-$SU(2)$-abelian surgery theorems of Kronheimer--Mrowka, Baldwin--Sivek, and Baldwin--Li--Sivek--Ye.

math.GT↗

arXiv2025

Design and Verification of the JUNO Liquid Filling Control System

Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large-scale neutrino experiment with multiple physics goals including neutrino mass hierarchy, accurate measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters, neutrino detection from supernova, sun, and earth, etc. This paper presents the design, implementation, and verification of a high-reliability automated control system for the liquid Filling, Overflow, and Circulation system in the JUNO experiment. The system is built upon a Programmable Logic Controller architecture, integrated with high-precision sensors and actuators. It implements advanced control strategies, including Proportional-Integral-Derivative regulation, sequential logic, and safety interlocks, to achieve closed-loop control of critical parameters such as flow rate, liquid level, and pressure. Commissioning tests with both pure water and liquid scintillator demonstrate the system's exceptional performance, achieving flow control stability within 0.5% of the setpoint with a rapid stabilization time. The robust design, featuring hardware redundancy and software safeguards, ensures the system meets the stringent requirements for the safe filling and long-term stable operation of JUNO's 20-kiloton central detector and provides a scalable reference for large underground fluid control experiments.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2024

Integrated electro-optic digital-to-analog link for efficient computing and arbitrary waveform generation

The rapid growth in artificial intelligence and modern communication systems demands innovative solutions for increased computational power and advanced signaling capabilities. Integrated photonics, leveraging the analog nature of electromagnetic waves at the chip scale, offers a promising complement to approaches based on digital electronics. To fully unlock their potential as analog processors, establishing a common technological base between conventional digital electronic systems and analog photonics is imperative to building next-generation computing and communications hardware. However, the absence of an efficient interface has critically challenged comprehensive demonstrations of analog advantage thus far, with the scalability, speed, and energy consumption as primary bottlenecks. Here, we address this challenge and demonstrate a general electro-optic digital-to-analog link (EO-DiAL) enabled by foundry-based lithium niobate nanophotonics. Using purely digital inputs, we achieve on-demand generation of (i) optical and (ii) electronic waveforms at information rates up to 186 Gbit/s. The former addresses the digital-to-analog electro-optic conversion challenge in photonic computing, showcasing high-fidelity MNIST encoding while consuming 0.058 pJ/bit. The latter enables a pulse-shaping-free microwave arbitrary waveform generation method with ultrabroadband tunable delay and gain. Our results pave the way for efficient and compact digital-to-analog conversion paradigms enabled by integrated photonics and underscore the transformative impact analog photonic hardware may have on various applications, such as computing, optical interconnects, and high-speed ranging.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2024

Reconstructing MODIS Normalized Difference Snow Index Product on Greenland Ice Sheet Using Spatiotemporal Extreme Gradient Boosting Model

The spatiotemporally continuous data of normalized difference snow index (NDSI) are key to understanding the mechanisms of snow occurrence and development as well as the patterns of snow distribution changes. However, the presence of clouds, particularly prevalent in polar regions such as the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), introduces a significant number of missing pixels in the MODIS NDSI daily data. To address this issue, this study proposes the utilization of a spatiotemporal extreme gradient boosting (STXGBoost) model generate a comprehensive NDSI dataset. In the proposed model, various input variables are carefully selected, encompassing terrain features, geometry-related parameters, and surface property variables. Moreover, the model incorporates spatiotemporal variation information, enhancing its capacity for reconstructing the NDSI dataset. Verification results demonstrate the efficacy of the STXGBoost model, with a coefficient of determination of 0.962, root mean square error of 0.030, mean absolute error of 0.011, and negligible bias (0.0001). Furthermore, simulation comparisons involving missing data and cross-validation with Landsat NDSI data illustrate the model's capability to accurately reconstruct the spatial distribution of NDSI data. Notably, the proposed model surpasses the performance of traditional machine learning models, showcasing superior NDSI predictive capabilities. This study highlights the potential of leveraging auxiliary data to reconstruct NDSI in GrIS, with implications for broader applications in other regions. The findings offer valuable insights for the reconstruction of NDSI remote sensing data, contributing to the further understanding of spatiotemporal dynamics in snow-covered regions.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2024

STS MICCAI 2023 Challenge: Grand challenge on 2D and 3D semi-supervised tooth segmentation

Computer-aided design (CAD) tools are increasingly popular in modern dental practice, particularly for treatment planning or comprehensive prognosis evaluation. In particular, the 2D panoramic X-ray image efficiently detects invisible caries, impacted teeth and supernumerary teeth in children, while the 3D dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is widely used in orthodontics and endodontics due to its low radiation dose. However, there is no open-access 2D public dataset for children's teeth and no open 3D dental CBCT dataset, which limits the development of automatic algorithms for segmenting teeth and analyzing diseases. The Semi-supervised Teeth Segmentation (STS) Challenge, a pioneering event in tooth segmentation, was held as a part of the MICCAI 2023 ToothFairy Workshop on the Alibaba Tianchi platform. This challenge aims to investigate effective semi-supervised tooth segmentation algorithms to advance the field of dentistry. In this challenge, we provide two modalities including the 2D panoramic X-ray images and the 3D CBCT tooth volumes. In Task 1, the goal was to segment tooth regions in panoramic X-ray images of both adult and pediatric teeth. Task 2 involved segmenting tooth sections using CBCT volumes. Limited labelled images with mostly unlabelled ones were provided in this challenge prompt using semi-supervised algorithms for training. In the preliminary round, the challenge received registration and result submission by 434 teams, with 64 advancing to the final round. This paper summarizes the diverse methods employed by the top-ranking teams in the STS MICCAI 2023 Challenge.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

2-torsion in instanton Floer homology

This paper studies the existence of $2$-torsion in instanton Floer homology with $\mathbb{Z}$ coefficients for closed $3$-manifolds and singular knots. First, we show that the non-existence of $2$-torsion in the framed instanton Floer homology $I^\sharp(S_n^3(K);\mathbb{Z})$ of any nonzero integral $n$-surgery along a knot $K$ in $S^3$ would imply that $K$ is fibered. Also, we show that $I^\sharp(S_{r}^3(K);\mathbb{Z})$ for any nontrivial $K$ with $r=1,1/2,1/4$ always has $2$-torsion. These two results indicate that the existence of $2$-torsion is expected to be a generic phenomenon for Dehn surgeries along knots. Second, we show that for genus-one knots with nontrivial Alexander polynomials and for unknotting-number-one knots, the unreduced singular instanton knot homology $I^\sharp(S^3,K;\mathbb{Z})$ always has $2$-torsion. Finally, some crucial lemmas that help us demonstrate the existence of $2$-torsion are motivated by analogous results in Heegaard Floer theory, which may be of independent interest. In particular, we show that, for a knot $K$ in $S^3$, if there is a nonzero rational number $r$ such that the dual knot $\widetilde{K}_r$ inside $S^3_r(K)$ is Floer simple, then $S^3_r(K)$ must be an L-space and $K$ must be an L-space knot.

math.GT↗

arXiv2023

Impact of Zr substitution on the electronic structure of ferroelectric hafnia

$\mathrm{HfO_2}$-based dielectrics are promising for nanoscale ferroelectric applications, and the most favorable material within the family is Zr-substituted hafnia, i.e., $\mathrm{Hf_{1-x}Zr_xO_2}$ (HZO). The extent of Zr substitution can be great, and x is commonly set to 0.5. However, the band gap of $\mathrm{ZrO_2}$ is lower than $\mathrm{HfO_2}$, thus it is uncertain how the Zr content should influence the electronic band structure of HZO. A reduced band gap is detrimental to the cycling endurance as charge injection and dielectric breakdown would become easier. Another issue is regarding the comparison on the band gaps between $\mathrm{HfO_2}$/$\mathrm{ZrO_2}$ superlattices and HZO solid-state solutions. In this work we systematically investigated the electronic structures of $\mathrm{HfO_2}$, $\mathrm{ZrO_2}$ and HZO using self-energy corrected density functional theory. In particular, the conduction band minimum of $Pca2_1$-$\mathrm{HfO_2}$ is found to lie at an ordinary k-point on the Brillouin zone border, not related to any interlines between high-symmetry k-points. Moreover, the rule of HZO band gap variation with respect to x has been extracted. The physical mechanisms for the exponential reduction regime and linear decay regime have been revealed. The band gaps of $\mathrm{HfO_2}$/$\mathrm{ZrO_2}$ ferroelectric superlattices are investigated in a systematic manner, and the reason why the superlattice could possess a band gap lower than that of $\mathrm{ZrO_2}$ is revealed through comprehensive analysis.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2022

Knot surgery formulae for instanton Floer homology II: applications

This is a companion paper to earlier work of the authors, which proved an integral surgery formula for framed instanton homology. First, we present an enhancement of the large surgery formula, a rational surgery formula for null-homologous knots in any 3-manifold, and a formula encoding a large portion of $I^\sharp(S^3_0(K))$. Second, we use the integral surgery formula to study the framed instanton homology of many 3-manifolds: Seifert fibered spaces with nonzero orbifold degrees, especially nontrivial circle bundles over any orientable surface, surgeries on a family of alternating knots and all twisted Whitehead doubles, and splicings with twist knots. Finally, we use the previous techniques and computations to study almost L-space knots, ${\it i.e.}$, the knots $K\subset S^3$ with $\dim I^\sharp(S_n^3(K))=n+2$ for some $n\in\mathbb{N}_+$. We show that an almost L-space knot of genus at least $2$ is fibered and strongly quasi-positive, and a genus-one almost L-space knot must be either the figure eight or the mirror of the $5_2$ knot in Rolfsen's knot table.

math.GT↗

arXiv2022

Guts of nearly fibered knots

The guts of a knot is an invariant defined for the knot complement by Agol-Zhang. Nearly fibered knots, which are defined as knots whose Floer homology has dimension two in the top Alexander grading, were introduced by Baldwin-Sivek. In this note, we provide three models for the guts of nearly fibered knots in the $3$-sphere. As a corollary, the nearly fibered condition can be purely topologically characterized and is independent of the specific version of Floer theory.

math.GT↗

arXiv2022

PromptEM: Prompt-tuning for Low-resource Generalized Entity Matching

Entity Matching (EM), which aims to identify whether two entity records from two relational tables refer to the same real-world entity, is one of the fundamental problems in data management. Traditional EM assumes that two tables are homogeneous with the aligned schema, while it is common that entity records of different formats (e.g., relational, semi-structured, or textual types) involve in practical scenarios. It is not practical to unify their schemas due to the different formats. To support EM on format-different entity records, Generalized Entity Matching (GEM) has been proposed and gained much attention recently. To do GEM, existing methods typically perform in a supervised learning way, which relies on a large amount of high-quality labeled examples. However, the labeling process is extremely labor-intensive, and frustrates the use of GEM. Low-resource GEM, i.e., GEM that only requires a small number of labeled examples, becomes an urgent need. To this end, this paper, for the first time, focuses on the low-resource GEM and proposes a novel low-resource GEM method, termed as PromptEM. PromptEM has addressed three challenging issues (i.e., designing GEM-specific prompt-tuning, improving pseudo-labels quality, and running efficient self-training) in low-resource GEM. Extensive experimental results on eight real benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of PromptEM in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.

cs.DB↗

arXiv2022

Knot surgery formulae for instanton Floer homology I: the main theorem

We prove an integral surgery formula for framed instanton homology $I^\sharp(Y_m(K))$ for any knot $K$ in a $3$-manifold $Y$ with $[K]=0\in H_1(Y;\mathbb{Q})$ and $m\neq 0$. Though the statement is similar to Ozsv\'ath-Szab\'o's integral surgery formula for Heegaard Floer homology, the proof is new and based on sutured instanton homology $SHI$ and the octahedral lemma in the derived category. As a corollary, we obtain an exact triangle between $I^\sharp(Y_m(K))$, $I^\sharp(Y_{m+k}(K))$ and $k$ copies of $I^\sharp(Y)$ for any $m\neq 0$ and large $k$. In the proof of the formula, we discover many new exact triangles for sutured instanton homology and relate some surgery cobordism map to the sum of bypass maps, which are of independent interest. In a companion paper, we derive many applications and computations based on the integral surgery formula.

math.GT↗

arXiv2022

Shell DFT-1/2 method towards engineering accuracy for semiconductors: GGA versus LDA

The Kohn-Sham gaps of density functional theory (DFT) obtained in terms of local density approximation (LDA) or generalized gradient approximation (GGA) cannot be directly linked to the fundamental gaps of semiconductors, but in engineering there is a strong demand to match them through certain rectification methods. Shell DFT-1/2 (shDFT-1/2), as a variant of DFT-1/2, is a potential candidate to yield much improved band gaps for covalent semiconductors, but its accuracy depends on the LDA/GGA ground state, including optimized lattice parameters, basic Kohn-Sham gap before self-energy correction and the amount of self-energy correction that is specific to the exchange-correlation (XC) functional. In this work, we test the LDA/GGA as well as shDFT-1/2 results of six technically important covalent semiconductors Si, Ge, GaN, GaP, GaAs and GaSb, with an additional ionic insulator LiF for comparison. The impact of XC flavor (LDA, PBEsol, PBE and RPBE), either directly on the gap value, or indirectly through the optimized lattice constant, is examined comprehensively. Moreover, we test the impact of XC flavor on LDA/GGA and shDFT-1/2 gaps under the condition of fixed experimental lattice constants. In-depth analysis reveals the rule of reaching the best accuracy in calculating the electronic band structures of typical covalent semiconductors. Relevant parameters like lattice constant, self-consistency in shDFT-1/2 runs, as well as the exchange enhancement factor of GGA, are discussed in details.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗