Banach spaces of continuous paths with finite $p$-th variation
We study pathwise $p$-th variation of continuous paths on a compact interval along a fixed partition sequence. Although the class of continuous paths with finite $p$-th variation is generally not linear, we develop a coefficient-based approach via Faber-Schauder expansions that, for any $p>1$, enables the construction of paths with prescribed $p$-th variation while preserving useful linear structures and Hölder regularity. We first construct continuous paths with linear $p$-th variation from suitable conditions on their Faber-Schauder coefficients. We then prescribe nonlinear $p$-th variation through a multiplicative transformation and show that, whenever nonempty, the class of Hölder continuous paths with a given $p$-th variation is dense in $C([0,1])$. Next, we introduce a transport procedure that turns a Banach subspace of continuous functions into a Banach subspace of paths with explicitly controlled $p$-th variation. We also prove stability of the associated pathwise Föllmer-Itô map on these transported subspaces. Finally, via time-changes, we show that this constructive framework extends from $q$-adic partition sequences to broader classes of dense $q$-refining partition sequences.