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Fanrong Xu

Publications and source records attributed to Fanrong Xu.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Doubly charmed baryon decays $Ξ_{cc}^{++}\toΞ_c^{(\prime)+}π^+$ in the quark model

In this work we study the doubly charmed baryon decays $Ξ_{cc}^{++}\toΞ_c^{(\prime)+}π^+$ within the framework of the non-relativistic quark model (NRQM). Factorizable amplitudes are expressed in terms of transition form factors, while nonfactorizable amplitudes arising form the inner $W$-emission are evaluated using current algebra and the pole model and expressed in terms of baryonic matrix elements and axial-vector form factors. Nonperturbative parameters are then calculated using the NRQM. They can be expressed in terms of the momentum integrals of baryon wave functions, which are in turn expressed in terms of the harmonic oscillator parameters $α_ρ$ and $α_λ$ for $ρ$- and $λ$-mode excitation. The measured ratio $R$ of the branching fraction of $Ξ_{cc}^{++}\to Ξ^{\prime +}_cπ^+$ relative to $Ξ_{cc}^{++}\to Ξ_c^+π^+$ can be accommodated in the NRQM with $α_{ρ1}$ and $α_{ρ_2}$ being in the vicinity of 0.51 and 0.19, respectively, where $α_{ρ1}$ is the $α_ρ$ parameter for $Ξ_{cc}^{++}$ and $α_{ρ2}$ for $Ξ_{c}^{(\prime)+}$. Decay asymmetries are predicted to be $-0.78$ and $-0.89$ for $Ξ_c^+π^+$ and $Ξ_c^{\prime +}π^+$ modes, respectively, which can be tested in the near future. We compare our results with other works and point out that although some other models can accommodate the ratio $R$, they tend to lead to a branching fraction of $Ξ_{cc}^{++}\to Ξ_c^+π^+$ too large compared to that inferred from the LHCb measurement of its rate relative to $Ξ_{cc}^{++}\toΛ_c^+ K^- π^+π^+$.

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Heavy-Flavor-Conserving Hadronic Weak Decays of Charmed and Bottom Baryons: an Update

This paper serves as an update of the previous work entitled ``Heavy-Flavor-Conserving Hadronic Weak Decays of Charmed and Bottom Baryons". We make an improvement on the bag wave functions by removing the center-of-mass motion of the bag. All the baryon matrix elements are now calculated under the same framework without introducing new parameters. The matrix elements of 4-quark operators are found to be nearly twice larger than the previous ones. The calculated branching fractions of $ Ξ_c ^0 \to Λ_c ^+π^-$ and $Ξ_b^- \to Λ^0_b π^-$ are both in agreement with current experimental results. For the yet-to-be-measured heavy-flavor-conserving decays, we find ${\cal B}( Ξ_c ^+ \to Λ_c ^+π^0) = (13.8 \pm 1.4)\times 10^{-3}$, ${\cal B}( Ξ_b^0 \to Λ^0_b π^0) = (2.6 \pm 0.3)\times 10^{-3}$, ${\cal B}( Ω_c ^0 \to Ξ_c^+π^-) = (2.0 \pm 0.2)\times 10^{-3}$ and ${\cal B}( Ω_c ^0 \to Ξ_c^0π^0)= (1.1 \pm 0.1)\times 10^{-3}$. They are all accessible to LHCb, Belle and Belle II and can be tested in the near future.

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Matter Effects of Sterile Neutrino in Light of Renormalization-Group Equations

The renormalization-group equation (RGE) approach to neutrino matter effects is further developed in this work. We derive a complete set of differential equations for effective mixing elements, masses and Jarlskog-like invariants in presence of a light sterile neutrino. The evolutions of mixing elements as well as Jarlskog-like invariants are obtained by numerically solving these differential equations. We calculate terrestrial matter effects in long-baseline (LBL) experiments, taking NOvA, T2K and DUNE as examples. In both three-flavor and four-flavor frameworks, electron-neutrino survival probabilities as well as the day-night asymmetry of solar neutrino are also evaluated as a further examination of the RGE approach.

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Heavy-Flavor-Conserving Hadronic Weak Decays of Charmed and Bottom Baryons

Three decades ago, heavy-flavor-conserving (HFC) weak decays of heavy baryons such as $Ξ_Q\toΛ_Qπ$ and $Ω_Q\toΞ_Qπ$ for $Q=c,b$ had been studied within the framework that incorporates both heavy-quark and chiral symmetries. It was pointed out that if the heavy quark in the HFC process behaves as a spectator, then the $P$-wave amplitude of ${\cal B}_{\bar 3}\to {\cal B}_{\bar 3}+π$ with ${\cal B}_{\bar 3}$ being an antitriplet heavy baryon will vanish in the heavy quark limit. Indeed, this is the case for $Ξ_b\toΛ_b π$ decays. For $Ξ_c\toΛ_cπ$ decays, they receive additional nonspectator contributions arising from the $W$-exchange diagrams through the $cs\to dc$ transition. Spectator and nonspectator $W$-exchange contributions to the $S$-wave amplitude of $Ξ_c\toΛ_cπ$ are destructive, rendering the $S$-wave contribution even smaller. However, the nonspectator effect on the $P$-wave amplitude was overlooked in all the previous model calculations until a very recent investigation within the framework of a constituent quark model in which the parity-conserving pole terms were found to be dominant in $Ξ_c\toΛ_cπ$ decays. Since the pion produced in the HFC process is soft, we apply current algebra to study both $S$- and $P$-wave amplitudes and employ the bag and diquark models to estimate the matrix elements of four-quark operators. We confirm that $Ξ_c\toΛ_cπ$ decays are indeed dominated by the parity-conserving transition induced from nonspectator $W$-exchange and that they receive largest contributions from the intermediate $Σ_c$ pole terms. We also show that the $S$-wave of $Ω_b\to Ξ_b π$ decays vanishes in the heavy quark limit, while $Ω_c\to Ξ_cπ$ receive additional $W$-exchange contributions via $cs\to dc$ transition.

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Flavor Anomalies Accommodated in A Flavor Gauged Two Higgs Doublet Model

The $3.1σ$ $R_K$ anomaly after Moriond 2021 and $3.3 σ$ $Δa_μ$ from Fermilab Muon g-2 experiment implicate that the lepton flavor universality violation (LFUV) may play a role in the exploration of new physics. A Flavor Gauged Two-Higgs Doublet Model (FG2HDM) is proposed and investigated in this work. To get rid of the the redundancy in Yukawa coupling of 2HDM-III, a specific U(1) flavor symmetry is introduced. The charge difference between two scalar doublet forbid the appearance of pseudoscalar and hence there are only three particles (a charged and neutral heavy scalar together with a neutral gauge boson) adding to SM particle spectrum. The heavy neutral scalar-mediated flavor-changing interactions occur among down-type quarks. With obvious difference from 2HDM-II, the charged Higgs in FG2HDM can naturally explain $R_{D^{(*)}}$ anomaly. The heavy neutral vector boson $Z'$, changing flavor for down-type quark uniquely as well, provides a solution to $R_{K^{(*)}}$. The anomalous magnetic dipole moment (AMDM) of muon and electron, especially the new released $Δa_μ$, can further discriminate $Z'$ parameter space.

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$D$ meson mixing as an inverse problem

We calculate the parameters $x$ and $y$ for the $D$ meson mixing in the Standard Model by considering a dispersion relation between them. The dispersion relation for a fictitious charm quark of arbitrary mass squared $s$ is turned into an inverse problem, via which the mixing parameters at low $s$ are solved with the perturbative inputs $x(s)$ and $y(s)$ from large $s$. It is shown that nontrivial solutions for $x$ and $y$ exist, whose values around the physical charm scale agree with the data in both CP-conserving and CP-violating cases. We then predict the observables $|q/p|-1\approx 2\times 10^{-4}$ and $Arg(q/p)\approx 6\times 10^{-3}$ degrees associated with the coefficient ratio for the $D$ meson mixing, which can be confronted with more precise future measurements. Our work represents the first successful quantitative attempt to explain the $D$ meson mixing parameters in the Standard Model.

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A compact analytical approximation for a light sterile neutrino oscillation in matter

The existence of light sterile neutrinos is a long standing question for particle physics. Several experimental ``anomalies'' could be explained by introducing ~eV mass scaled light sterile neutrinos. Many experiments are actively hunting for such light sterile neutrinos through neutrino oscillation. For long baseline experiments, matter effect needs to be treated carefully for precise neutrino oscillation probability calculation. However, it is usually time-consuming or analytical complexity. In this manuscript we adopt the Jacobi-like method to diagonalize the Hermitian Hamiltonian matrix and derive analytically simplified neutrino oscillation probabilities for 3 (active) + 1 (sterile)-neutrino mixing for a constant matter density. These approximations can reach quite high numerical accuracy while keeping its analytical simplicity and fast computing speed. It would be useful for the current and future long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments.

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Doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays of antitriplet charmed baryons

Doubly Cabibbo-suppressed (DCS) nonleptonic weak decays of antitriplet charmed baryons are studied systematically in this work. The factorizable and nonfactorizable contributions can be classified explicitly in the topological-diagram approach and treated separately. In particular, the evaluation of nonfactorizable terms is based on the pole model in conjunction with current algebra. All three types of relevant non-perturbative parameters contributing factorizable and nonfactorizable terms are estimated in the MIT bag model. Branching fractions of all the DCS decays are predicted to be of order $10^{-4}\sim 10^{-6}$. In particular, we find that the three modes $Ξ_c^+\to Σ^+ K^0, Σ^0 K^+$ and $Ξ_c^0\to Σ^- K^+$ are as large as $(1\sim 2)\times 10^{-4}$, which are the most promising DCS channels to be measured. We also point out that the two DCS modes $Ξ_c^+\to Σ^+ K^0$ and $Ξ_c^0\to Σ^0 K^0$ are possible to be distinguished from $Ξ_c^+\to Σ^+ K_S$ and $Ξ_c^0\to Σ^0 K_S$. The decay asymmetries for all the channels with a kaon in their final states are found to be large in magnitude and negative in sign.

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Hadronic weak decays of the charmed baryon $Ω_c$

Two-body hadronic weak decays of the charmed baryon $Ω_c$, including Cabibbo-favored (CF), singly Cabibbo-suppressed (SCS) and doubly Cabibbo-suppressed (DCS) modes, are studied systematically in this work. To estimate nonfactorizable contributions, we work in the pole model for the $P$-wave amplitudes and current algebra for the $S$-wave amplitudes. Among all the channels decaying into a baryon octet and a pseudoscalar meson, $Ω_c\to Ξ^0\overline{K}^0$ is the only allowed CF mode. The predicted branching fraction of order $3.8\%$ and large and positive decay asymmetry of order $0.50$ indicate that a measurement of this mode in the near future is promising. Proceeding through purely nonfactorizable contributions, the SCS mode $Ω_c\toΛ^0\overline{K}^0$ and DCS mode $Ω_c\toΛ^0 η$ are predicted to have branching fractions as large as $0.8\%$ and $0.4\%$, respectively. The two DCS modes $Ω_c\toΣ^0η$ and $Ω_c\toΛ^0π^0$ are suggested to serve as new physics searching channels for their vanishing SM background.

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Two-body weak decays of doubly charmed baryons

The hadronic two-body weak decays of the doubly charmed baryons $Ξ_{cc}^{++}, Ξ_{cc}^+$ and $Ω_{cc}^+$ are studied in this work. To estimate the nonfactorizable contributions, we work in the pole model for the $P$-wave amplitudes and current algebra for $S$-wave ones. For the $Ξ_{cc}^{++}\to Ξ_c^+π^+$ mode, we find a large destructive interference between factorizable and nonfactorizable contributions for both $S$- and $P$-wave amplitudes. Our prediction of $\sim 0.70\%$ for its branching fraction is smaller than the earlier estimates in which nonfactorizable effects were not considered, but agrees nicely with the result based on an entirely different approach, namely, the covariant confined quark model. On the contrary, a large constructive interference was found in the $P$-wave amplitude by Dhir and Sharma, leading to a branching fraction of order $(7-16)\%$. Using the current results for the absolute branching fractions of $(Λ_c^+,Ξ_c^+)\to p K^-π^+$ and the LHCb measurement of $Ξ_{cc}^{++}\toΞ_c^+π^+$ relative to $Ξ_{cc}^{++}\toΛ_c^+ K^- π^+π^+$, we obtain $\B(Ξ_{cc}^{++}\toΞ_c^+π^+)_{\rm expt}\approx (1.83\pm1.01)\%$ after employing the latest prediction of $\B(Ξ_{cc}^{++}\toΣ_c^{++}\overline{K}^{*0})$. Our prediction of $\mathcal{B}(Ξ_{cc}^{++}\toΞ_c^+π^+)\approx 0.7\%$ is thus consistent with the experimental value but in the lower end. It is important to pin down the branching fraction of this mode in future study. Factorizable and nonfactorizable $S$-wave amplitudes interfere constructively in $Ξ_{cc}^+\toΞ_c^0π^+$. Its large branching fraction of order 4\% may enable experimentalists to search for the $Ξ_{cc}^+$ through this mode. That is, the $Ξ_{cc}^+$ is reconstructed through the $Ξ_{cc}^+\toΞ_c^0π^+$ followed by the decay chain $Ξ_c^0\to Ξ^-π^+\to pπ^-π^-π^+$.

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Two-body hadronic weak decays of antitriplet charmed baryons

We study Cabibbo-favored (CF) and singly Cabibbo-suppressed (SCS) two-body hadronic weak decays of the antitriplet charmed baryons $Λ_c^+$, $Ξ_c^0$ and $Ξ_c^+$ with more focus on the last two. Both factorizable and nonfactorizable contributions are considered in the topologic diagram approach. The estimation of nonfactorizable contributions from $W$-exchange and inner $W$-emission diagrams relies on the pole model and current algebra. The non-perturbative parameters in both factorizable and nonfactorizable parts are calculated in the MIT bag model. Branching fractions and up-down decay asymmetries for all the CF and SCS decays of antitriplet charmed baryons are presented. The prediction of $\mathcal{B}(Ξ_c^+\to Ξ^0π^+ )$ agrees well with the measurements inferred from Belle and CLEO, while the calculated ${\cal B}(Ξ_c^0\to Ξ^-π^+)$ is too large compared to the recent Belle measurement. We conclude that these two $Ξ_c\toΞπ^+$ modes cannot be simultaneously explained within the current-algebra framework for $S$-wave amplitudes. This issue needs to be resolved in future study. The long-standing puzzle with the branching fraction and decay asymmetry of $Λ_c^+\toΞ^0 K^+$ is resolved by noting that only type-II $W$-exchange diagram will contribute to this mode. We find that not only the calculated rate agrees with experiment but also the predicted decay asymmetry is consistent with the SU(3)-flavor symmetry approach in sign and magnitude. Likewise, the CF mode $Ξ_c^0\to Σ^+K^-$ and the SCS decays $Ξ_c^0\to pK^-,Σ^+π^-$ proceed only through type-II $W$-exchange. They are predicted to have large and {\it positive} decay asymmetries. These features can be tested in the near future.

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Probing Sterile Neutrino via Lepton Flavor Violating Decays of Mesons

A sterile neutrino at GeV mass scale is of particular interest in this work. Though not take part in neutrino oscillation, the sterile neutrino can induce flavor violating semileptonic and leptonic decay of $K, D$ and $B$ mesons. We calculated a box diagram contribution in these processes. By making use of current experiment limit of lepton flavor violating decays $M^+_h\to M_l^+\ell_1^+\ell_2^-$ and $M^0\to \ell_1^-\ell_2^+$, we explore the allowed parameter space of $U_{e4}$ and $U_{μ4}$ in different mass ranges. Generally speaking, both channels give a limit to the product of $U_{e4}$ and $U_{μ4}$. When sterile neutrino mass is located in between pion and kaon mass, $K^+\to π^+ e^{\pm}μ^{\mp}$ gives the strongest constraint while $B^+\to π^+ e^{\pm} μ^{\mp}$ provides the dominated constraint when its mass in between of kaon and B meson. If sterile neutrino is even heavier than B mesons, the $B^0_s\to μ^{\pm} e^{\mp}$ experiment which is performed at LHCb gives the strongest constraint.

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Lifetimes of Doubly Heavy Baryons ${\cal B}_{bb}$ and ${\cal B}_{bc}$

Lifetimes of the doubly heavy baryons ${\cal B}_{bb}$ and ${\cal B}_{bc}$ are analyzed within the framework of the heavy quark expansion (HQE). Lifetime differences arise from the spectator effects such as $W$-exchange and Pauli interference. For doubly bottom baryons, the lifetime pattern is $τ(Ω_{bb}^-)\sim τ(Ξ_{bb}^{-})>τ(Ξ_{bb}^0)$. The $Ξ_{bb}^{0}$ baryon is shortest-lived owing to the $W$-exchange contribution, while $Ξ_{bb}^{-}$ and $Ω_{bb}^{-}$ have similar lifetimes as they both receive contributions from destructive Pauli interference. We find the lifetime ratio $τ(Ξ_{bb}^{-})/τ(Ξ_{bb}^0)=1.26$\,. The large $W$-exchange contribution to $Ξ_{bc}^0$ through the subprocess $cd\to us\to cd$ and the sizable destructive Pauli interference contribution to $Ξ_{bc}^+$ imply a substantial lifetime difference between $Ξ_{bc}^+$ and $Ξ_{bc}^0$. In the presence of subleading $1/m_c$ and $1/m_b$ corrections to the spectator effects, we find that $τ(Ω_{bc}^0)$ becomes longest-lived. This is because $Γ^{\rm int}_+$ and $Γ^{\rm semi}$ for $Ω_{bc}^0$ are subject to large cancellation between dimension-6 and -7 operators. This implies that the subleading corrections are too large to justify the validity of the HQE. Demanding that $Γ^{cs}_{\rm int+}(Ω_{bc}^0)$, $Γ^{{\rm SL},cs}_{\rm int}(Ω_{bc}^0)$ be positive and $Γ^{cu}_{\rm int-}(Ξ^+_{bc})$ be negative, we conjecture that $1.68\times 10^{-13}s<τ(Ω_{bc}^0)< 3.70\times 10^{-13}s$ , $4.09\times 10^{-13}s<τ(Ξ_{bc}^+)< 6.07\times 10^{-13}s$ and $0.93\times 10^{-13}s<τ(Ξ_{bc}^0)< 1.18\times 10^{-13}s$. Hence, the lifetime hierarchy of ${\cal B}_{bc}$ baryons is expected to be the pattern $τ(Ξ_{bc}^{+})>τ(Ω_{bc}^0)>τ(Ξ_{bc}^0)$.

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Matter Effect of Light Sterile Neutrino: An Exact Analytical Approach

The light sterile neutrino, if it exists, will give additional contribution to matter effect when active neutrinos propagate through terrestrial matter. In the simplest 3+1 scheme, three more rotation angles and two more CP-violating phases in lepton mixing matrix make the interaction complicated formally. In this work, the exact analytical expressions for active neutrino oscillation probabilities in terrestrial matter, including sterile neutrino contribution, are derived. It is pointed out that this set of formulas contain information both in matter and in vacuum, and can be easily tuned by choosing related parameters. Based on the generic exact formulas, we present oscillation probabilities of typic medium and long baseline experiments. Taking NO$ν$A experiment as an example, we show that in particular parameter space sterile neutrino gives important contribution to terrestrial matter effect, and Dirac phases play a vital role.

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The 17 MeV Anomaly in Beryllium Decays and $U(1)$ Portal to Dark Matter

The experiment of Krasznahorkay \textit{et al} observed the transition of a $\rm{^{8}Be}$ excited state to its ground state and accompanied by an emission of $e^{+}e^{-}$ pair with 17 MeV invariant mass. This 6.8$σ$ anomaly can be fitted by a new light gauge boson. We consider the new particle as a $U(1)$ gauge boson, $Z'$, which plays as a portal linking dark sector and visible sector. In particular, we study the new $U(1)$ gauge symmetry as a hidden or non-hidden group separately. The generic hidden $U(1)$ model, referred to as dark $Z$ model, is excluded by imposing various experimental constraints. On the other hand, a non-hidden $Z'$ is allowed due to additional interactions between $Z'$ and Standard Model fermions. We also study the implication of the dark matter direct search on such a scenario. We found the search for the DM-nucleon scattering excludes the range of DM mass above 500 MeV. However, the DM-electron scattering for MeV-scale DM is still allowed by current constraints for non-hidden $U(1)$ models. It is possible to test the underlying $U(1)$ portal model by the future Si and Ge detectors with $5e^{-}$ threshold charges.

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Singly Cabibbo-suppressed hadronic decays of $Λ_c^+$

We study singly Cabibbo-suppressed two-body hadronic decays of the charmed baryon $Λ_c^+$, namely, $Λ_c^+\to ΛK^+, pπ^0, pη, nπ^+,Σ^0K^+,Σ^+ K^0$. We use the measured rate of $Λ_c^+\to pϕ$ to fix the effective Wilson coefficient $a_2$ for naive color-suppressed modes and the effective number of color $N_c^{\rm eff}$. We rely on the current-algebra approach to evaluate $W$-exchange and nonfactorizable internal $W$-emission amplitudes, that is, the commutator terms for the $S$-wave and the pole terms for the $P$-wave. Our prediction for $Λ_c^+\to pη$ is in excellent agreement with the BESIII measurement. The $pη$ ($pπ^0$) mode has a large (small) rate because of a large constructive (destructive) interference between the factorizable and nonfactorizable amplitudes for both $S$- and $P$-waves. Some of the SU(3) relations such as $M(Λ_c^+\to nπ^+)=\sqrt{2}M(Λ_c^+\to pπ^0)$ derived under the assumption of sextet dominance are not valid for decays with factorizable terms. Our calculation indicates that the branching fraction of $Λ_c^+\to nπ^+$ is about 3.5 times larger than that of $Λ_c^+\to pπ^0$. Decay asymmetries are found to be negative for all singly Cabibbo-suppressed modes and range from $-0.56$ to $-0.96$.

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Charged Lepton Flavor Violating Processes and Scalar Leptoquark Decay Branching Ratios in the Colored Zee-Babu Model

We consider a neutrino mass generating model which employs a scalar leptoquark, $Δ$, and a scalar diquark, $S$. The new scalars $Δ$ and $S$ carry the standard model $SU(3)_c\times SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$ quantum numbers $(3,1,-1/3)$ and $(6,1,-2/3)$, respectively. The neutrino masses are generated at the two-loop level, as in the Zee-Babu model\cite{Zee-Babu}, and $Δ/S$ plays the role of the doubly/singly charged scalar in the Zee-Babu model. With a moderate working assumption that the magnitudes of the six Yukawa couplings between $S$ and the down-type quarks are of the same order, strong connections are found between the neutrino masses and the charged lepton flavor violating processes. In particular, we study $Z\rightarrow \overline{l} l'$, and $l\rightarrow l' γ$ and find that some portions of the parameter space of this model are within the reach of the planned charged lepton flavor violating experiments. Interesting lower bounds are predicted that $B(Z\rightarrow \overline{l} l')\gtrsim 10^{-16}-10^{-14}(10^{-14})\times(1\mbox{TeV}\cdot m_S/7 m_Δ^2)^2$ and $B(l\rightarrow l' γ)\gtrsim 10^{-17}-10^{-16}(10^{-18}-10^{-16})\times(1 \mbox{TeV}\cdot m_S/7 m_Δ^2)^2$ for neutrino masses being the normal(inverted) hierarchical pattern. The type of neutrino mass hierarchy could also be determined by measuring the charged lepton flavor violating double ratios. Moreover, definite leptoquark decay branching ratios are predicted when there is no Yukawa interaction between the right-handed fermions and $Δ$ ( the branching fraction of $Δ$ to a charged lepton and a quark is 50\%), which could help refine the collider search limit on the scalar leptoquark mass.

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Correlating $B_q^0 \to μ^+μ^-$ and $K_L \to π^0ν\barν$ Decays with Four Generations

The long-awaited $B_s\to μ^+μ^-$ mode has finally been observed at rate consistent with Standard Model, albeit lower by 1.2$σ$. There is some hint for New Physics in the rarer $B_d^0 \to μ^+μ^-$ decay, especially if the currently 2.2$σ$-enhanced central value persists with more data. The measurement of $CP$ violating phase $ϕ_s$, via both $B_s\to J/ψK\bar K$ and $J/ψππ$ modes, has reached Standard Model sensitivity. These measurements stand major improvement when LHC enters Run 2. Concurrently, the $K_L\toπ^0ν\barν$ and $K^+\toπ^+ν\barν$ modes are being pursued in a similar time frame. We illustrate the possible correlations between New Physics effects in these four modes, using the fourth generation as example. While correlations may or may not exist in other New Physics models, the four generation model can accommodate enhancements in both $B_d^0 \to μ^+μ^-$ and $K_L\toπ^0ν\barν$.

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