arXiv subjects

Farah Khaled

Publications and source records attributed to Farah Khaled.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

LLM-Guided Transformation of Non-Critical Driving Scenes into Safety-Critical Scenarios Using Augmented Reality

Testing Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) requires realistic safety-critical scenarios, but collecting such data from real-world driving is costly and unsafe. This paper presents an automated pipeline that transforms safe driving scenes into safety-critical scenarios by combining computer vision, Large Language Models (LLMs), and Augmented Reality (AR). The system detects and tracks road users, extracts safety features including distance, velocity, motion direction, and Time-to-Collision (TTC), and assesses scene criticality. Safe scenes are modified by an LLM, which generates realistic collision-inducing objects and behaviors that are integrated into the original scene using AR. The proposed pipeline was evaluated on the nuScenes dataset, achieving 97.52% safety classification accuracy and successfully generating realistic scenarios such as pedestrian crossings, rear overtaking vehicles, and sudden-stop events. The results demonstrate an effective and flexible approach for automated generation of safety-critical scenarios to support the testing and validation of autonomous driving systems.

cs.RO↗

arXiv2026

Implementation of Tightly-Coupled SLAM Fusion of GPS, IMU, and LiDAR for Autonomous Vehicles

Autonomous vehicles depend entirely on Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) to navigate safely in unknown environments. However, relying on a single sensory modality introduces critical failure points: LiDAR systems degrade in featureless corridors, Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) accumulate mathematical drift, and GPS drops frequently in urban canyons. This paper presents the implementation of a tightly-coupled SLAM fusion architecture that integrates a Velodyne 3D LiDAR, a high-frequency IMU, and GPS to achieve continuous spatial awareness. Utilizing a phased development methodology, we establish a 2D baseline to validate hardware synchronization and transform geometries before upgrading to a full 3D architecture driven by FAST-LIO2. This advanced approach uses an Iterated Error-State Kalman Filter (IESKF) to process dense 3D laser points alongside continuous inertial data, eliminating motion blur at high speeds. To eradicate long-term drift, a GTSAM pose-graph optimization back-end executes multi-modal loop closures. Evaluated across simulated environments and physical deployments, the results demonstrate that tightly-coupled 3D fusion effectively overcomes individual sensor blind spots to generate highly detailed point clouds, providing the foundational High-Definition (HD) maps required for advanced downstream autonomous planners.

cs.RO↗

arXiv2026

CD-TWINSAFE: A ROS-enabled Digital Twin for Scene Understanding and Safety Emerging V2I Technology

In this paper, the CD-TWINSAFE is introduced, a V2I-based digital twin for Autonomous Vehicles. The proposed architecture is composed of two stacks running simultaneously, an on-board driving stack that includes a stereo camera for scene understanding, and a digital twin stack that runs an Unreal Engine 5 replica of the scene viewed by the camera as well as returning safety alerts to the cockpit. The on-board stack is implemented on the vehicle side including 2 main autonomous modules; localization and perception. The position and orientation of the ego vehicle are obtained using on-board sensors. Furthermore, the perception module is responsible for processing 20-fps images from stereo camera and understands the scene through two complementary pipelines. The pipeline are working on object detection and feature extraction including object velocity, yaw and the safety metrics time-to-collision and time-headway. The collected data form the driving stack are sent to the infrastructure side through the ROS-enabled architecture in the form of custom ROS2 messages and sent over UDP links that ride a 4G modem for V2I communication. The environment is monitored via the digital twin through the shared messages which update the information of the spawned ego vehicle and detected objects based on the real-time localization and perception data. Several tests with different driving scenarios to confirm the validity and real-time response of the proposed architecture.

cs.CV↗