arXiv subjects

Farshad Yazdi

Publications and source records attributed to Farshad Yazdi.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2022

Third Order Modal Exceptional Degeneracy in Waveguides with Glide-Time Symmetry

The dispersion of a three-way waveguide is engineered to exhibit exceptional modal characteristics. Two coupled waveguides with Parity-Time (PT) symmetry have been previously demonstrated to exhibit second order exceptional points of degeneracy (EPDs). In this work, we introduce and investigate a particular class of EPDs, applicable from radio frequency to optical wavelengths, whereby three coupled waveguides satisfy Glide-Time (GT) symmetry to exhibit a third order modal degeneracy with a real-valued wavenumber. GT symmetry involves glide symmetry of lossless/gainless components of the waveguide in addition to changing the sign of passive/active elements while applying a glide symmetry operation. This GT-symmetry condition allows three Floquet-Bloch eigenmodes of the structure to coalesce to a real-valued wavenumber at a single frequency, in addition of having one branch of the dispersion diagram with a purely real wavenumber. The proposed scheme may have applications including but not limited to distributed amplifiers, radiating arrays, and sensors, from radio frequency to optics.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2021

Experimental Demonstration of Sixth Order Degenerate Band Edge in Coupled Microstrip Waveguides

We show the physical realization and experimental demonstration of an exceptional point of 6th order degeneracy in a triple ladder (or three-way) microwave waveguide realized using three coupled microstrips on a grounded dielectric substrate. This threeway waveguide supports six Bloch eigenmodes and all coalesce onto a degenerate single eigenmode at a given frequency. The three-way waveguide is gainless, and this exceptional point is associated to a vanishing group velocity and its multiple derivatives. Indeed the wavenumber-frequency dispersion diagram, that we call 6th order degenerate band edge (6DBE) has six coalescing branches. We provide the experimental verification of a 6th order exceptional point by evaluating the degenerate wavenumber-frequency dispersion diagram from the measurement of scattering parameters of a six-port unit cell. We also show the resonant behavior of a cavity made of the three-way waveguide with finite length. The unique properties of 6DBE can be exploited in designing innovative high-Q resonators, oscillators, filters, and pulse shaping devices.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2021

Triple Ladder Lumped Circuit with Sixth Order Modal Exceptional Degeneracy

We introduce a circuit topology based on a simple triple-ladder circuit realized with lumped reactive components that provides a sixth order degenerate band-edge (6DBE). The 6DBE is a special kind of sixth-order exceptional point of degeneracy in a lossless and gainless periodic ladder. This degeneracy provides a very flat band edge in the phase-frequency dispersion diagram. The proposed topology exhibits unique structured resonance features associated with a high loaded Q-factor. We investigate the Floquet-Bloch modes in an infinite-length periodic triple-ladder and their dispersion relation using the S parameter formalism. We also provide the approximate analytic expressions of the eigenmodes and dispersion relation around the degenerate point based on the Puiseux series expansion. We investigate the filtering characteristics of a finite-length structure terminated with loads to highlight the special properties of the 6DBE compared to ladders with regular band edge (RBE) and fourth order degenerate band edge (DBE). The circuit framework introduced here with a 6DBE can be exploited in designing novel high Q-factor oscillators, filters, sensors, and pulse shaping networks.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2017

A New Amplification Regime for Traveling Wave Tubes with Third Order Modal Degeneracy

Engineering of the eigenmode dispersion of slow-wave structures (SWSs) to achieve desired modal characteristics, is an effective approach to enhance the performance of high power traveling wave tube (TWT) amplifiers or oscillators. We investigate here for the first time a new synchronization regime in TWTs based on SWSs operating near a third order degeneracy condition in their dispersion. This special three-eigenmode synchronization is associated with a stationary inflection point (SIP) that is manifested by the coalescence of three Floquet-Bloch eigenmodes in the SWS. We demonstrate the special features of "cold" (without electron beam) periodic SWSs with SIP modeled as coupled transmission lines (CTLs) and investigate resonances of SWSs of finite length. We also show that by tuning parameters of a periodic SWS one can achieve an SIP with nearly ideal flat dispersion relationship with zero group velocity or a slightly slanted one with a very small (positive or negative) group velocity leading to different operating schemes. When the SIP structure is synchronized with the electron beam potential benefits for amplification include (i) gain enhancement, (ii) gain-bandwidth product improvement, and (iii) higher power efficiency, when compared to conventional Pierce-like TWTs. The proposed theory paves the way for a new approach for potential improvements in gain, power efficiency and gain-bandwidth product in high power microwave amplifiers.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2017

Oscillator Based on Lumped Double Ladder Circuit with Band Edge Degeneracy

An oscillator design based on a periodic, double ladder resonant circuit is proposed. The circuit exhibits a degenerate band edge (DBE) in the dispersion diagram of its phase-frequency eigenstates, and possesses unique resonance features associated with a high Q-factor resonance, compared to a single ladder or a conventional LC tank circuit. This oscillator is shown to have an oscillation threshold that is half that of a single LC ladder circuit having the same total quality factor, and thus is more robust than an LC oscillator in the presence of losses. It is also shown that the output and amplitude of the double-ladder oscillator is much less sensitive to the output loading compared to single-ladder oscillators. We show the analysis and design of such oscillators that potentially lead to enhancing the efficiency of RF components and sources.

physics.class-ph↗

arXiv2015

Giant Gain Enhancement in Photonic Crystals with a Degenerate Band Edge

We propose a new approach leading to giant gain enhancement. It is based on unconventional slow wave resonance associated to a degenerate band edge (DBE) in the dispersion diagram for a special class of photonic crystals supporting two modes at each frequency. We show that the gain enhancement in a Fabry-Perot cavity (FPC) when operating at the DBE is several orders of magnitude stronger when compared to a cavity of the same length made of a standard photonic crystal with a regular band edge (RBE). The giant gain condition is explained by a significant increase in the photon lifetime and in the local density of states. We have demonstrated the existence of DBE operated special cavities that provide for superior gain conditions for solid-state lasers, quantum cascade lasers, traveling wave tubes, and distributed solid state amplifiers. We also report the possibility to achieve low-threshold lasing in FPC with DBE compared to RBE-based lasers.

physics.optics↗