Arithmetic selection rules in dispersionless Hamiltonian systems
In this work, we derive selection rules imposed by Liouville integrability conditions for monomial charge densities with arbitrary powers. For a certain monomial Hamiltonian system, the selection rules reduce to a negative Pell equation, and its solutions generate an infinite set of integrals of motion that are mutually in involution. Furthermore, we study the correspondence between combinatorial polynomial sequences and Liouville integrable Hamiltonian field theories in 1+1 dimensions. We show that the Motzkin system coincides with the dispersionless limit of the Levi system, while the binomial system is equivalent to the dispersionless derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Additionally, we show that the binomial Hamiltonian model admits a reduction to the inviscid Burgers equation and its higher-order charges generate generalized Burgers-type conservation laws.