arXiv subjects

Federico Silvestro

Publications and source records attributed to Federico Silvestro.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Small-Signal Stability Manifolds in Converter-Dominated Power Systems

This paper proposes a systematic framework to assess the small-signal stability of power systems with high shares of grid-following inverter-based resources (IBRs) under varying controller parameters and operating conditions. Stability manifolds are introduced to identify controller-parameter regions that ensure stability across multiple scenarios. Full-network linearization and eigenvalue analysis are combined with adaptive sampling based on probabilistic support vector machine classification to approximate stability boundaries efficiently, while surrogate optimization identifies feasible initial controller settings meeting bandwidth and phase-margin constraints. The approach is validated on a modified Cigré European HV network benchmark with 50 operating scenarios and increasing inverter penetration. Results show that stability sensitivity grows with inverter share, interactions among IBRs reshape admissible parameter regions, and simplified equivalent-network models may overlook critical system-level limitations. The framework supports stability-oriented controller design and interconnection studies in converter-dominated systems.

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arXiv2025

Detailed Small-Signal Stability Analysis of the Cigré High-Voltage Network Penetrated by Grid-Following Inverter-Based Resources

This paper presents a detailed small-signal stability analysis of a modified version of the Cigré European high-voltage network, where one of the synchronous generators is replaced by a grid-following inverter-based resource (IBR). The analysis focuses on the influence of the parameters defining the grid-following IBR control scheme on the stability of the system. Given a set of potential grid configurations and the value of the IBR control parameters, stability is verified by the direct eigenvalue analysis of a high-detailed linearized model of the overall Cigré network. Starting from this procedure, we propose an adaptive sampling method for training a support vector machine classifier able to estimate the probability of stability of the power system over a domain defined by candidate intervals of the considered parameters. The training of the classifier is refined to identify with more accuracy the boundaries of the parameters' stability regions. The obtained results are then compared with those obtained by representing the grid with the classical Thévenin equivalent. Results suggest that, when the Thévenin equivalent is accurate, the predicted stability region is conservative yet contained within that of the full network.

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arXiv2024

Performance Investigation of an Optimal Control Strategy for Zero-Emission Operations of Shipboard Microgrids

This work introduces an efficient power management approach for shipboard microgrids that integrates diesel generators, a fuel cell, and battery energy storage system. This strategy addresses both unit commitment and power dispatch, considering the zero-emission capability of the ship, as well as optimizing the ship's speed. The optimization is done through mixed integer linear programming with the objective of minimizing the operational cost of all the power resources. Evaluations are conducted on a notional all-electric ship, with electrical load simulated using a Markov chain based on actual measurement data. The findings underscore the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in optimizing fuel consumption while ensuring protection against blackout occurrences.

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arXiv2023

Optimal Coordination and Discount Allocation in Residential Renewable Energy Communities with Smart Home Appliances

This paper proposes an optimal management strategy for a Renewable Energy Community defined according to the Italian legislation. The specific case study is composed by a set of houses equipped with smart appliances, that share a PV plant. The objective is to minimize the cost of electrical energy use for each member of the community, taking into account the discount achievable from government incentives with proper shaping of the community daily consumption. Such incentives are indeed proportional to the shared energy, i.e. the portion of the renewable energy consumed at each hour by community members. The management algorithm allows an optimal coordination of houses power demands, according to the degree of flexibility granted by users. Moreover, a policy to fairly distribute the obtained discount is introduced. Simulation results show the potentialities of the approach.

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arXiv2023

A Security-Constrained Optimal Power Management Algorithm for Shipboard Microgrids with Battery Energy Storage System

This work proposes an optimal power management strategy for shipboard microgrids equipped with diesel generators and a battery energy storage system. The optimization provides both the unit commitment and the optimal power dispatch of all the resources, in order to ensure reliable power supply at minimum cost and with minimum environmental impact. The optimization is performed solving a mixed integer linear programming problem, where the constraints are defined according to the operational limits of the resources when a contingency occurs. The algorithm is tested on a notional all-electric ship where the ship's electrical load is generated through a Markov chain, modeled on real measurement data. The results show that the proposed power management strategy successfully maximizes fuel saving while ensuring blackout prevention capability.

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arXiv2022

An Efficiency-Based Power Management Strategy for an Isolated Microgrid Project

The microgrids design for remote locations represents one of the most important and critical applications of the microgrid concept. It requires the correct sizing and the proper utilization of the different sources to guarantee the economical feasibility and the reliability of the supply. This study illustrates an efficiency-based power management strategy, designed for an undergoing microgrid project, where the sizing process of the resources (diesel generators, battery energy storage system, and PV plant) is obtained using a mixed-integer optimization algorithm. The proposed power management strategy guarantees the efficient exploitation of the power sources, which is one of the key elements of the optimal sizing process, being naturally included in the definition of the energy cost functions. The effectiveness of the power control strategy is validated by means of quasi-dynamic simulations on the complete microgrid model, where sources are defined by the optimal problem solution, while the cabling (size and length) and the main switchboards location reflect the expected system layout. Results obtained from the simulation of the microgrid electrical system include losses, and allow to verify and to highlight the desired quantities, such as the quality of supply at each busbar (voltage magnitude), and the state of charge of the energy storage system.

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arXiv2022

Optimal Management of a Smart Port with Shore-Connection and Hydrogen Supplying by Stochastic Model Predictive Control

The paper proposes an optimal management strategy for a Smart Port equipped with renewable generation and composed by an electrified quay, operating Cold-Ironing, and a Hydrogen-based quay, supplying Zero-Emission Ships. One Battery Energy Storage System and one Hydrogen Energy Storage System are used to manage renewable energy sources and to supply electric and hydrogen-fueled ships. A model predictive control based algorithm is designed to define the best economic strategy to be followed during operations. The control algorithm takes into account the uncertainties of renewable energy generation using stochastic optimization. The performance of the approach is tested on a potential future Smart Port equipped with wind and photovoltaic generation.

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arXiv2022

Fault Detection and Localization in Active Distribution Networks using Optimally Placed Phasor Measurements Units

This paper introduces an algorithm able to detect and localize the occurrance of a fault in an Active Distribution Network, using the measurements collected by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). First, a basic algorithm that works under the assumption that all grid buses are equipped with a PMU is designed. Then, formal observability conditions that allow detection and localization with a reduced number of PMUs are provided. Based on these conditions, the algorithm is extended to perform correctly when not all network buses are monitored. Moreover, an Optimal Positioning Algorithm, always based on the observability conditions, is designed. This algorithm allows the user to customize the fault localization resolution. The approach is validated through simulations carried out on a benchmark active distribution network.

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arXiv2021

Small-Signal Stability Analysis of a DC Shipboard Microgrid With Droop-Controlled Batteries and Constant Power Resources

The presence of constant power loads (CPLs) in dc shipboard microgrids may lead to unstable conditions. The present work investigates the stability properties of dc microgrids where CPLs are fed by fuel cells (FCs), and energy storage systems (ESSs) equipped with voltage droop control. With respect to the previous literature, the dynamics of the duty cycles of the dc-dc converters implementing the droop regulation are considered. A mathematical model has been derived, and tuned to best mimic the behavior of the electrical representation implemented in DIgSILENT. Then the model is used to find the sufficient conditions for stability with respect to the droop coefficient, the dc-bus capacitor, and the inductances of the dc-dc converters.

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arXiv2021

Frequency stability assessment of modern power systems: models definition and parameters identification

One of the fundamental concerns in the operation of modern power systems is the assessment of their frequency stability in case of inertia-reduction induced by the large share of power electronic interfaced resources. Within this context, the paper proposes a framework that, by making use of linear models of the frequency response of different types of power plants, including also grid--forming and grid-following converters, is capable to infer a numerically tractable dynamical model to be used in frequency stability assessment. Furthermore, the proposed framework makes use of models defined in a way such that their parameters can be inferred from real-time measurements feeding a classical least squares estimator. The paper validates the proposed framework using a full-replica of the dynamical model of the IEEE 39 bus system simulated in a real-time platform.

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arXiv2021

Day-Ahead and Intra-Day Planning of Integrated BESS-PV Systems providing Frequency Regulation

The paper proposes an optimal management strategy for a system composed by a battery and a photovoltaic power plant. This integrated system is called to deliver the photovoltaic power and to simultaneously provide droop-based primary frequency regulation to the main grid. The battery state-of-energy is controlled by power offset signals, which are determined using photovoltaic energy generation forecasts and predictions of the energy required to operate frequency regulation. A two level control architecture is developed. A day-ahead planning algorithm schedules the energy profile which is traded at the day-ahead market and defines the primary control reserve that the integrated system is able to provide in the considered day. During the day operations, a second level algorithm corrects the dispatched plan using updated information, in order to guarantee a continuous and reliable service. Both control algorithms take into account the uncertainties of the photovoltaic generation and of the frequency dynamics using stochastic optimization.

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arXiv2020

Siting and Sizing of Energy Storage Systems: Towards a Unified Approach for Transmission and Distribution System Operators for Reserve Provision and Grid Support

This paper presents a method to determine the optimal location, energy capacity, and power rating of distributed battery energy storage systems at multiple voltage levels to accomplish grid control and reserve provision. We model operational scenarios at a one-hour resolution, where deviations of stochastic loads and renewable generation (modeled through scenarios) from a day-ahead unit commitment and violations of grid constraints are compensated by either dispatchable power plants (conventional reserves) or injections from battery energy storage systems. By plugging-in costs of conventional reserves and capital costs of converter power ratings and energy storage capacity, the model is able to derive requirements for storage deployment that achieve the technical-economical optimum of the problem. The method leverages an efficient linearized formulation of the grid constraints of both the HV (High Voltage) and MV (Medium Voltage) grids while still retaining fundamental modeling aspects of the power system (such as transmission losses, effect of reactive power, OLTC at the MV/HV interface, unideal efficiency of battery energy storage systems) and models of conventional generator. A proof-of-concept by simulations is provided with the IEEE 9-bus system coupled with the CIGRE' benchmark system for MV grids, realistic costs of power reserves, active power rating and energy capacity of batteries, and load and renewable generation profile from real measurements.

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