The Local Embedding Problem for Hardy Spaces of Dirichlet Series
We solve the local embedding problem for Hardy spaces of Dirichlet series, which is a dimension-free trace problem asking whether the global $\mathscr{H}^p$-norm controls local $L^p$-mass on the critical line $\operatorname{Re}s=1/2$. More precisely, for every $2<p<\infty$, there exists a constant $C_p<\infty$ such that every Dirichlet polynomial $P$ satisfies $$ \sup_{\theta\in\mathbb{R}}\int_{\theta}^{\theta+1}\left|P\left(\frac12+it\right)\right|^p\,\mathrm{d}t\le C_p\left\lVert P\right\rVert_{\mathscr{H}^p}^{p}, $$ with $C_p$ independent of the number and choice of prime variables on which $P$ depends. Before the present work, the embedding was known at $p=2$ and, by taking integer powers, at the even exponents $p=2k$; it had been conjectured that these exhaust the finite positive cases above $2$. Together with the known failure for $0<p<2$, our theorem gives the sharp finite-exponent classification: the local embedding property holds exactly for $p\ge2$. Thus the true threshold is $p=2$, rather than even integrality. The proof passes to the dual exponent $q=p/(p-1)\in(1,2)$, where an exact frequency decomposition isolates a single resonant Euler-product term. A covariance-preserving replacement of the shared prime factors reduces the resulting moment estimate to a log-correlated Gaussian field, and a critical branching-random-walk bound supplies the required multiscale decay. A finite-cyclic square-function estimate assembles the resonant scales, and Hardy-quotient duality converts the resulting vector-valued bound into the critical-line trace. For $1\le p<\infty$, known equivalences give the same sharp threshold in several classical problems, including the conformally invariant half-plane embedding, the reverse local Carleson-measure transfer, and boundedness of all characteristic-zero Gordon--Hedenmalm composition operators.