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Feng-Lan Shao

Publications and source records attributed to Feng-Lan Shao.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Coscattering Dark Matter in the Inverse Scotogenic Models

The Scotogenic mechanism is an appealing pathway to naturally explain the common origin of dark matter and tiny neutrino mass. However, the conventional scotogenic dark matter usually suffers stringent constraints from the non-observation of lepton flavor violation and direct detection. To generate the non-zero neutrino masses, at least two generations of dark particles are required. For example, two real scalar singlets $ϕ_1$ and $ϕ_2$ are involved in the inverse scotogenic model, which are odd under the $Z_2$ symmetry. In this paper, we consider the masses of dark scalars are nearly degenerate $m_{ϕ_1}\lesssim m_{ϕ_2}$, which opens new viable pathway for the generation of dark matter $ϕ_1$, such as the coscattering process $ϕ_1\text{SM}\to ϕ_2 \text{SM}$ and coannihilation processes $ϕ_1 ϕ_2 \to \text{SM~SM}$ via the Higgs portal or Yukawa portal interactions. We explore the parameter space to produce the correct relic density through coscattering, as well as the contrastive coannihilation channel. We then comprehensively study the constraints of dark matter from Higgs decay, direct detection, and indirect detection. For the heavier dark scalar, the three-body decay $ϕ_2\toϕ_1 f\bar{f}$ not only alerts the predictions of big bang nucleosynthesis and cosmic microwave background, but also leads to the observable displaced vertex signature at colliders.

hep-ph

New Avenues of Heavy Neutral Lepton at Muon Collider

With initial state radiation, the multi-TeV muon collider can be regarded as an electroweak boson collider. The dominant production mode of the certain process becomes the vector boson fusion channel, because the corresponding cross section typically increases logarithmically at high energies. This also holds true for new physics beyond the standard model. Within the $U(1)$ gauged extension of seesaw models, the heavy neutral lepton has additional interactions with the new gauge boson $Z'$ and heavy Higgs $H$. In this paper, we investigate the production of heavy neutral lepton $N$ via the new vector boson fusion processes $Z'Z'\to H\to NN$ with and $Z'Z'\to NN$ without heavy Higgs at the multi-TeV muon collider. Different from the canonical vector boson fusion processes $WW/ZZ\to H\to NN$, the new process $Z'Z'\to H\to NN$ is not suppressed by the small mixing angle $α$ between the Higgs bosons. Meanwhile, the pair production process $Z'Z'\to NN$ is also viable even for heavy Higgs $m_H> \sqrt{s}$. Therefore, these new avenues provide alternative pathways to probe the intrinsic feature of the heavy neutral lepton. We then perform a detailed analysis of the lepton number violation signals via the new vector boson fusion with heavy Higgs $μ^+μ^-\to μ^+μ^- H \to μ^+μ^- NN$ and without heavy Higgs $μ^+μ^-\to μ^+μ^- NN$, followed by $N\to μ^\pm jj$, where the two jets from $W$ boson decay are treated as one fat-jet $J$.

hep-ph

Same-Sign Tetralepton Signature at $μ$TRISTAN

Naturally tiny neutrino masses can be explained by the low scale seesaw with heavy neutral lepton $N$ coupling to the neutrinophilic Higgs doublet $Φ_ν$, which obtains a much smaller vacuum expectation value than the standard Higgs doublet $Φ$. Within this model, the neutrino masses originate from the new Yukawa interaction $y \overline{L}\tildeΦ_νN$. In this paper, we propose the novel same-sign tetralepton signature at the 2 TeV same-sign muon mode $μ^+μ^+$ of $μ$TRISTAN. We investigate two distinct channels of this signature, which are both generated by the Yukawa interaction $y \overline{L}\tildeΦ_νN$. One is from the pair production of charged Higgs $μ^+μ^+\to H^+ H^+\to μ^+N +μ^+ N\to μ^+ μ^+ jj + μ^+ μ^+ jj\to 4μ^+ + 4j$, and the other one is from the single production of charged Higgs $μ^+μ^+ \to μ^+ N H^+ \to μ^+N +μ^+ N\to μ^+ μ^+ jj + μ^+ μ^+ jj\to 4μ^+ + 4j$. We then perform a detailed simulation of this same-sign tetralepton signature, and obtain the promising region at $μ$TRISTAN.

hep-ph

Production correlation of light (hyper-)nuclei in Au-Au collisions from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan

Based on nucleons ($p$, $n$) and hyperons ($Λ$, $Ω^-$) formed at kinetic freeze-out from a quark combination model, we systematically study the production of light nuclei and hyper-nuclei in the hadronic coalescence picture. We present the analytical formula of the nucleus momentum distribution of two-body coalescence and that of three-body coalescence. We explain the experimental data of the transverse momentum spectra of deuteron ($d$), triton ($t$), helium-3 ($^3$He) and hypertriton ($^3_Λ$H) measured in Au-Au collisions from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan I and II, and also provide the corresponding predictions of different $Ω-$hypernuclei $H(pΩ^-)$, $H(nΩ^-)$ and $H(pnΩ^-)$. We further study the production correlations of different species of light (hyper-)nuclei and discuss their interesting behaviors as a function of collision energy.

nucl-th

Lepton Number Violation Higgs Decay at Muon Collider

In this paper, we consider the scalar singlet extension of type-I seesaw, where a scalar singlet $S$ and heavy neutral lepton $N$ are further introduced. The Majorana mass term of heavy neutral lepton is generated through the Yukawa interaction with the scalar singlet, which then induces the lepton number violation decays of SM Higgs $h$ and heavy Higgs $H$ via mixing of scalars. As a pathway to probe the origin of heavy neutral lepton mass, we investigate the lepton number violation Higgs decay signature at the TeV-scale muon collider. The dominant production channel of Higgs bosons at the TeV-scale muon collider is via vector boson fusion. So we perform a detailed analysis of the signal process $μ^+μ^-\to ν_μ\barν_μh/H \to ν_μ\barν_μNN $ followed by $ N \to μ^\pm jj$, where the two jets from $W$ boson decay are treated as one fat-jet $J$. With an integrated luminosity of $1(10)~\text{ab}^{-1}$, the 3 (10) TeV muon collider could discover the lepton number violation SM Higgs decay $h\to μ^\pmμ^\pm JJ$ signature for the Higgs mixing parameter $\sinα>0.05(0.009)$. Meanwhile, a large parameter space can be detected by the lepton number violation heavy Higgs decay $H\to μ^\pmμ^\pm JJ$ signature for $m_H\lesssim1 (3)$ TeV and $\sinα\gtrsim0.03(0.005)$ at the 3 (10) TeV muon collider. Therefore, the lepton number violation SM and heavy Higgs decay signatures are both promising at the TeV scale muon collider.

hep-ph

Productions of $^3_Λ$H, $^4_Λ$H and $^4_Λ$He in different coalescence channels in Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=3$ GeV

We study the productions of $Λ$-hypernuclei $^3_Λ$H, $^4_Λ$H and $^4_Λ$He in the coalescence mechanism in Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=3$ GeV. Considering the abundance and great importance of baryons and light (hyper-)nuclei on the collision dynamics, we include not only nucleon$+Λ$ coalescence but also nucleus+nucleon($Λ$) coalescence. We present contributions from different coalescence channels for $^3_Λ$H, $^4_Λ$H and $^4_Λ$He in their productions. We predict the production asymmetry between $^4_Λ$H and $^4_Λ$He, characterized by yield ratios $^4_Λ\text{He}/^4_Λ\text{H}$ and $(^4_Λ\text{H}-^4_Λ\text{He})/(^4_Λ\text{H}+^4_Λ\text{He})$, which can shed light on the existence constraints of the possible neutron-$Λ$ bound states $^2_Λn~(nΛ)$ and $^3_Λn~(nnΛ)$.

nucl-th

Conversion-Driven Dark Matter in $U(1)_{B-L}$

The new gauge boson $Z'$ in $U(1)_{B-L}$ is widely considered as the mediator of dark matter. In this paper, we propose the conversion-driven dark matter in $U(1)_{B-L}$. The dark sector contains two Dirac fermions $\tildeχ_1$ and $\tildeχ_2$ with $U(1)_{B-L}$ charge 0 and $-1$, respectively. A $Z_2$ symmetry is also introduced to ensure the stability of dark matter. The mass term $δm \bar{\tildeχ}_1\tildeχ_2$ induces the mixing of dark fermion. Then the lightest dark fermion $χ_1$ becomes the dark matter candidate, whose coupling to $Z'$ is suppressed by the mixing angle $θ$. Instead of freezing-out via pair annihilation, we show that the observed relic abundance can be obtained through the conversion processes. We then explore the feasible parameter space of conversion-driven dark matter in $U(1)_{B-L}$. Under various experimental constraints, the conversion-driven dark matter prefers the region with $3\times10^{-6}\lesssim g'\lesssim2\times10^{-4}$ and $0.02~\text{GeV}\lesssim m_{Z'}\lesssim10$~GeV, which is within the reach of future Belle II, FASER and SHiP.

hep-ph

Production characteristics of light nuclei, hypertritons and $Ω$-hypernuclei in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV

We extend an analytical nucleon coalescence model with hyperons to study productions of light nuclei, hypertritons and $Ω$-hypernuclei in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV. We derive the formula of the momentum distribution of two bodies coalescing into dibaryon states and that of three bodies coalescing into tribaryon states. We explain the available data of the coalescence factors $B_2$ and $B_3$, the transverse momentum spectra, the averaged transverse momenta, the yield rapidity densities, yield ratios of the deuteron, antihelium-3, antitriton, hypertriton measured by the ALICE collaboration, and give predictions of different $Ω$-hypernuclei, e.g., $H(pΩ^-)$, $H(nΩ^-)$ and $H(pnΩ^-)$. We find two groups of interesting observables, the averaged transverse momentum ratios of light (hyper-)nuclei to protons (hyperons) and the centrality-dependent yield ratios of theirs. The former group exhibits a reverse-hierarchy of the nucleus size, and the latter is helpful for the judgements of the nucleus production mechanism as well as the nucleus own size.

hep-ph

Common Origin of Dark Matter and Leptogenesis in $U(1)_{B-L}$

In this paper, we investigate the common parameter space of dark matter and leptogenesis in the $U(1)_{B-L}$ symmetry. This model involves a complex scalar $ϕ$, sterile neutrinos $N$, and Majorana dark matter $χ$, where only dark matter $χ$ is charged under the $Z_2$ symmetry. Masses of $N$ and $χ$ are generated via the Yukawa interactions to $ϕ$ after breaking of the $U(1)_{B-L}$ symmetry. TeV scale sterile neutrinos $N$ are responsible for the generation of baryon asymmetry through the resonance leptogenesis mechanism. The new particles in the $U(1)_{B-L}$ have a significant impact on the dilution of $N$, thus on leptogenesis. Meanwhile, the annihilation processes of dark matter $χ$ are almost identical to that of $N$, which indicates that both leptogenesis and dark matter are closely related to satisfying the observed results simultaneously. Under various theoretical and experimental constraints, the viable common parameter space of dark matter and leptogenesis is obtained for both global and local $U(1)_{B-L}$ symmetry.

hep-ph

Displaced Heavy Neutral Lepton from New Higgs Doublet

Heavy neutral leptons $N$ are introduced to explain the tiny neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism. For proper small mixing parameter $V_{\ell N}$, the heavy neutral leptons $N$ become long-lived, which leads to the displaced vertex signature at colliders. In this paper, we consider the displaced heavy neutral lepton from the neutrinophilic Higgs doublet $Φ_ν$ decay. The new Higgs doublet with MeV scale VEV can naturally explain the tiny neutrino masses with TeV scale $N$. Different from current experimental searches via the $W^\pm\to \ell^\pm N$ decay, the new decays as $H^\pm\to \ell^\pm N$ are not suppressed by the small mixing parameter $V_{\ell N}$. Therefore, a larger parameter space is expected to be detected at colliders. We then investigate the promising region at the 14 TeV HL-LHC and the 3 TeV CLIC. According to our simulation, the DV signature could probe $|V_{\ell N}|^2\gtrsim10^{-19}$ with $m_N<m_{H^+}$, which covers the seesaw predicted value $|V_{\ell N}|^2\sim m_ν/m_N$. We could probe $m_{H^+}\lesssim1200$ GeV at the 14 TeV HL-LHC and $m_{H^+}\lesssim1490$ GeV at the 3 TeV CLIC.

hep-ph

Heavy Neutral Leptons in Gauged $U(1)_{L_μ-L_τ}$ at Muon Collider

Heavy neutral leptons $N$ are the most appealing candidates to generate the tiny neutrino masses. In this paper, we study the signature of heavy neutral leptons in gauged $U(1)_{L_μ-L_τ}$ at a muon collider. Charged under the $U(1)_{L_μ-L_τ}$ symmetry, the heavy neutral leptons can be pair produced via the new gauge boson $Z'$ at muon collider as $μ^+μ^-\to Z^{\prime *}\to NN$ and $μ^+μ^-\to Z^{\prime (*)} γ\to NNγ$. We then perform a detailed analysis on the lepton number violation signature $μ^+μ^-\to NN\to μ^\pmμ^\pm W^\mp W^\mp$ and $μ^+μ^-\to NN γ\to μ^\pmμ^\pm W^\mp W^\mp γ$ at the 3 TeV muon collider, where the hadronic decays of $W$ boson are treated as fat-jets $J$. These lepton number violation signatures have quite clean backgrounds at the muon collider. Our simulation shows that a wide range of viable parameter space is within the reach of the 3 TeV muon collider. For instance, with new gauge coupling $g'=0.6$ and an integrated luminosity of 1000 fb$^{-1}$, the $μ^\pmμ^\pm JJ$ signal could probe $m_{Z'}\lesssim 12.5$ TeV. Meanwhile, if the gauge boson mass satisfies $2 m_N<m_{Z'}<\sqrt{s}$, the $μ^\pmμ^\pm JJγ$ signature would be more promising than the $μ^\pmμ^\pm JJ$ signature.

hep-ph

Different Coalescence Sources of Light Nuclei Production in Au-Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=3$ GeV

We study the production of light nuclei in the coalescence mechanism in Au-Au collisions at midrapidity at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=3$ GeV. We derive analytic formulas of momentum distributions of two bodies, three bodies and four nucleons coalescing into light nuclei, respectively. We naturally explain the transverse momentum spectra of the deuteron ($d$), triton ($t$), helium-3 ($^3$He) and helium-4 ($^4$He). We reproduce the data of yield rapidity densities and averaged transverse momenta of $d$, $t$, $^3$He and $^4$He. We give proportions of contributions from different coalescence sources for $t$, $^3$He and $^4$He in their productions. We find that besides nucleon coalescence, nucleon$+$nucleus coalescence and nucleus$+$nucleus coalescence may play requisite roles in light nuclei production in Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=3$ GeV.

hep-ph

Production properties of deuterons, helions and tritons via an analytical nucleon coalescence method in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV

We improve a nucleon coalescence model to include the coordinate-momentum correlation in nucleon joint distributions, and apply it to Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV to study production properties of deuterons ($d$), helions ($^3$He) and tritons ($t$). We give formulas of the coalescence factors $B_2$ and $B_3$, and naturally explain their behaviors as functions of the collision centrality and the transverse momentum per nucleon $p_T/A$. We reproduce the transverse momentum spectra, averaged transverse momenta and yield rapidity densities of $d$, $^3$He and $t$, and find the system effective radius obtained in the coalescence production of light nuclei behaves similarly to Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometry radius. We particularly give expressions of yield ratios $d/p$, $^3$He$/d$, $t/p$, $^3$He$/p$, $d/p^{2}$, $^3$He$/p^3$, $t/^3$He and argue their nontrivial behaviors can be used to distinguish production mechanisms of light nuclei.

nucl-th

Sterile Neutrino Portal Dark Matter from Semi-Production

In this paper, we study the feeble sterile neutrino portal dark matter under the $Z_3$ symmetry. The dark sector consists of one fermion singlet $χ$ and one scalar singlet $χ$, which transforms as $χ\to e^{i2π/3}χ, ϕ\to e^{i2π/3}ϕ$ under the $Z_3$ symmetry. Regarding fermion singlet $χ$ as the dark matter candidate, the new interaction terms $y_χϕ\bar{χ^c}χ$ and $μϕ^3/2$ could induce various new production channels. For instance, when $m_ϕ>2m_χ$, the pair decay $ϕ\toχχ$ could be the dominant channel, rather than the delayed decay $ϕ\toχν$. Another appealing scenario is when the dark sector is initially produced through the scattering process as $NN\toχχ, NN\toϕϕ,hν\toχϕ$, then the semi-production processes $N χ\toϕϕ, Nϕ\toϕχ, Nχ\toχχ$ could lead to the exponential growth of dark sector abundances. The phenomenology of sterile neutrino and the cosmological impact of the dark scalar are also considered in the $Z_3$ symmetric model.

hep-ph

Shinning Light on Sterile Neutrino Portal Dark Matter from Cosmology and Collider

Provided the dark sector consisted of a dark scalar $ϕ$ and a dark fermion $χ$ under an exact $Z_2$ symmetry, the sterile neutrino $N$ can act as the messenger between the dark sector and standard model via the Yukawa coupling $λ_{ds} \barχϕN$. In this paper, we focus on the specific scenario $m_N>m_ϕ+m_χ$ with $χ$ being a FIMP dark matter. The decay width of dark scalar $ϕ$ is doubly suppressed by the smallness of Yukawa coupling $λ_{ds}$ and mixing angle $θ$. The delayed decay $ϕ\toχν$ will have a great impact on cosmological observables such as the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, the Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropy power spectra, the effective number of relativistic neutrino species $N_{\rm eff}$ and the energetic neutrino flux. Meanwhile, the sterile neutrino can generate displaced vertex signature at colliders when $m_N<m_W$. The dark scalar $ϕ$ will also induce measurable Higgs invisible decay for relatively large quartic coupling. A comprehensive analysis of constraints from cosmology and collider is performed in this paper. We find that almost the whole parameter space with $m_N<m_W$ is under the reach of future experiments.

hep-ph

Sterile Neutrino Portal Dark Matter in $ν$THDM

In this paper, we propose the sterile neutrino portal dark matter in $ν$THDM. This model can naturally generate tiny neutrino mass with the neutrinophilic scalar doublet $Φ_ν$ and sterile neutrinos $N$ around TeV scale. Charged under a $Z_2$ symmetry, one Dirac fermion singlet $χ$ and one scalar singlet $ϕ$ are further introduced in the dark sector. The sterile neutrinos $N$ are the mediators between the DM and SM. Depending on the coupling strength, the DM can be either WIMP or FIMP. For the WIMP scenario, pair annihilation of DM into $NN$ is the key channel to satisfy various bounds, which could be tested at indirect detection experiments. For the FIMP scenario, besides the direct production of DM from freeze-in mechanism, contributions from late decay of NLSP is also important. When sterile neutrinos are heavier than the dark sector, NLSP is long-lived due to tiny mixing angle between sterile and light neutrinos. Constrains from free-streaming length, CMB, BBN and neutrino experiments are considered.

hep-ph

Production characteristics of light (anti-)nuclei from (anti-)nucleon coalescence in heavy ion collisions at energies employed at the RHIC beam energy scan

With the kinetic freeze-out nucleons and antinucleons obtained from the quark combination model, we study the production of light nuclei and antinuclei in the (anti-)nucleon coalescence mechanism in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We derive analytic formulas of the momentum distributions of different light nuclei and apply them to compute transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra of (anti-)deuterons ($d$, $\bar d$) and (anti-)tritons ($t$, $\bar t$) in Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 54.4 GeV. We find that the experimental data available for these $p_T$ spectra can be well reproduced. We further study the yields and yield ratios of different light (anti-)nuclei and naturally explain their interesting behaviors as a function of the collision energy. We especially point out that the multi-particle yield ratio $tp/d^2$ should be carefully corrected from hyperon weak decays for protons to probe the production characteristics of light nuclei. All of our results show that the coalescence mechanism for (anti-)nucleons plays a dominant role for the production of light nuclei and antinuclei at the RHIC beam energy scan energies.

hep-ph

Momentum dependence of light nuclei production in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

We study the momentum dependence of the production of light nuclei in high energy collisions in the nucleon coalescence/recombination mechanism. We derive formulas of the momentum distributions of deuterons ($d$) and helions ($^3$He). We obtain the analytic expressions of the coalescence factor $B_A$'s ($B_2$ for $d$ and $B_3$ for $^3$He) as functions of the collision system size and the momentum. We apply the deduced results to p-p, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions to naturally explain the interesting behaviors of $B_A$ observed in experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.

hep-ph