arXiv subjects

Fengwei Xu

Publications and source records attributed to Fengwei Xu.

95 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

arXiv2022

A Q-band line survey towards Orion KL using the Tianma radio telescope

We have conducted a line survey towards Orion KL using the Q-band receiver of Tianma 65 m radio telescope (TMRT), covering 34.8--50 GHz with a velocity resolution between 0.79 km s$^{-1}$ and 0.55 km s$^{-1}$ respectively. The observations reach a sensitivity on the level of 1-8 mK, proving that the TMRT is sensitive for conducting deep line surveys. In total, 597 Gaussian features are extracted. Among them, 177 radio recombination lines (RRLs) are identified, including 126, 40 and 11 RRLs of hydrogen, helium and carbon, with a maximum $Δn$ of 16, 7, and 3, respectively. The carbon RRLs are confirmed to originate from photodissociation regions with a $V_{\rm LSR}\sim$9 km s$^{-1}$. In addition, 371 molecular transitions of 53 molecular species are identified. Twenty-one molecular species of this survey were not firmly detected in the Q band by Rizzo et al. (2017), including species such as H$_2$CS, HCOOH, C$_2$H$_5$OH, H$_2^{13}$CO, H$_2$CCO, CH$_3$CHO, CH$_2$OCH$_2$, HCN $v_2=1$, and CH$_3$OCHO $v_t=1$. In particular, the vibrationally excited states of ethyl cyanide (C$_2$H$_5$CN $v$13/$v$21) are for the first time firmly detected in the Q band. NH$_3$ (15,15) and (16,16) are identified, and they are so far the highest transitions of the NH$_3$ inversion lines detected towards Orion KL. All the identified lines can be reproduced by a radiative transfer model.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2022

ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- VIII. A search for hot cores by using C$_2$H$_5$CN, CH$_3$OCHO and CH$_3$OH lines

Hot cores characterized by rich lines of complex organic molecules are considered as ideal sites for investigating the physical and chemical environments of massive star formation. We present a search for hot cores by using typical nitrogen- and oxygen-bearing complex organic molecules (C$_2$H$_5$CN, CH$_3$OCHO and CH$_3$OH), based on ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions (ATOMS). The angular resolutions and line sensitivities of the ALMA observations are better than 2 arcsec and 10 mJy/beam, respectively. A total of 60 hot cores are identified with 45 being newly detected, in which the complex organic molecules have high gas temperatures ($>$ 100 K) and small source sizes ($<$ 0.1 pc). So far this is the largest sample of hot cores observed with similar angular resolution and spectral coverage. The observations have also shown nitrogen and oxygen differentiation in both line emission and gas distribution in 29 hot cores. Column densities of CH$_3$OH and CH$_3$OCHO increase as rotation temperatures rise. The column density of CH$_3$OCHO correlates tightly with that of CH$_3$OH. The pathways for production of different species are discussed. Based on the spatial position difference between hot cores and UC~H{\sc ii} regions, we conclude that 24 hot cores are externally heated while the other hot cores are internally heated. The observations presented here will potentially help establish a hot core template for studying massive star formation and astrochemistry.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2021

A FAST Survey of HINSA in PGCCs Guided by HC3N

Using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), we search for HI narrow-line self-absorption (HINSA) features in twelve Planck Galactic cold clumps (PGCCs), one starless core L1521B and four star forming sources. Eight of the 12 PGCCs have emission of J=2-1 of cyanoacetylene (HC3N). With an improved HINSA extraction method more robust for weaker and blended features with high velocity resolution, the detection rates of HINSA in PGCCCs are high, at 92% overall (11/12) and 87% (7/8) among sources with HC3N J=2-1 emissions. Combining the data of molecular spectra and Planck continuum maps, we studied the morphologies, abundances and excitations of HI, CO and HC3N in PGCCs. The distribution of HINSA is similar to that of CO emission. HINSA tends to be not detected in regions associated with warm dust and background ionizing radiation, as well as regions associated with stellar objects. The abundances of HI in PGCCs are approximately 3E-4, and vary within a factor of ~3. The non-thermal velocity dispersions traced by C18O J=1-0 and HINSA are consistent with each other (0.1-0.4 km/s), larger than those of HC3N (~0.1 km/s). Carbon chain molecule abundant PGCCs provide a good sample to study HINSA.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2021

Planck Galactic Cold Clumps at High Galactic Latitude-A Study with CO Lines

Gas at high Galactic latitude is a relatively little-noticed component of the interstellar medium. In an effort to address this, forty-one Planck Galactic Cold Clumps at high Galactic latitude (HGal; $|b|>25^{\circ}$) were observed in $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O J=1-0 lines, using the Purple Mountain Observatory 13.7-m telescope. $^{12}$CO (1-0) and $^{13}$CO (1-0) emission was detected in all clumps while C$^{18}$O (1-0) emission was only seen in sixteen clumps. The highest and average latitudes are $71.4^{\circ}$ and $37.8^{\circ}$, respectively. Fifty-one velocity components were obtained and then each was identified as a single clump. Thirty-three clumps were further mapped at 1$^\prime$ resolution and 54 dense cores were extracted. Among dense cores, the average excitation temperature $T_{\mathrm{ex}}$ of $^{12}$CO is 10.3 K. The average line widths of thermal and non-thermal velocity dispersions are $0.19$ km s$^{-1}$ and $0.46$ km s$^{-1}$ respectively, suggesting that these cores are dominated by turbulence. Distances of the HGal clumps given by Gaia dust reddening are about $120-360$ pc. The ratio of $X_{13}$/$X_{18}$ is significantly higher than that in the solar neighbourhood, implying that HGal gas has a different star formation history compared to the gas in the Galactic disk. HGal cores with sizes from $0.01-0.1$ pc show no notable Larson's relation and the turbulence remains supersonic down to a scale of slightly below $0.1$ pc. None of the HGal cores which bear masses from 0.01-1 $M_{\odot}$ are gravitationally bound and all appear to be confined by outer pressure.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2012

Full Orientability of the Square of a Cycle

Let D be an acyclic orientation of a simple graph G. An arc of D is called dependent if its reversal creates a directed cycle. Let d(D) denote the number of dependent arcs in D. Define m and M to be the minimum and the maximum number of d(D) over all acyclic orientations D of G. We call G fully orientable if G has an acyclic orientation with exactly k dependent arcs for every k satisfying m <= k <= M. In this paper, we prove that the square of a cycle C_n of length n is fully orientable except n=6.

math.CO↗