arXiv subjects

Fernando Romero-López

Publications and source records attributed to Fernando Romero-López.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2025

Finite- and infinite-volume study of $DDπ$ scattering

We develop a comprehensive framework for extracting the pole position and properties of the doubly-charmed tetraquark $T_{\rm cc}^+(3875)$ from lattice QCD data using the relativistic three-particle formalism. This approach incorporates the effect of the one-pion exchange diagram in $DDπ$ and $DD^*$ scattering, making it applicable at energies coinciding with the left-hand cut in the partial-wave projected $DD^*$ amplitude. We present an example application of this framework to existing lattice QCD data at $m_π= 280$ MeV. We solve the integral equations describing the $DDπ$ reaction, use LSZ reduction to determine the corresponding $DD^*$ amplitude, and find the values of the infinite-volume two- and three-body $K$ matrices that lead to agreement with lattice $DD^*$ phase shifts within their uncertainties. Using these $K$ matrices in the three-particle quantization condition, we describe the finite-volume $DD^*$ spectrum and find good agreement with the lattice QCD energies. Our results suggest that, at this pion mass, the tetraquark appears as a pair of subthreshold complex poles whose precise location strongly depends on the value of the $DDπ$ three-particle $K$ matrix.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2025

Progress in Normalizing Flows for 4d Gauge Theories

Normalizing flows have arisen as a tool to accelerate Monte Carlo sampling for lattice field theories. This work reviews recent progress in applying normalizing flows to 4-dimensional nonabelian gauge theories, focusing on two advancements: an architectural improvement referred to as learned active loops, and the application of correlated ensemble methods to QCD with $N_f=2$ dynamical fermions.

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arXiv2025

Gravitational form factors of glueballs in Yang-Mills theory

This work presents preliminary results of the first determination of the energy-momentum tensor form factors of the scalar glueball, referred to as gravitational form factors (GFFs). The calculation has been carried out in lattice Yang-Mills theory at a single lattice spacing. Using variationally optimized operators, the matrix elements are extracted from ratios of three-point functions to two-point functions. The glueball GFFs and their kinematic dependence are compared to those of other hadrons from previous calculations.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2025

Results on meson-meson scattering at large $N_\text{c}$

We present results on the large $N_\text{c}$ scaling of meson-meson scattering amplitudes. We work in a theory with $N_\text{f}=4$ degenerate quark flavors and run lattice simulations with $N_\text{c}=3-6$ and pion mass $M_π\approx 590$ MeV. We focus on three different scattering channels, two of which have the same quantum numbers as some tetraquark candidates recently found at LHCb. Finite-volume energies are extracted using a large set of operators, containing two-particle operators corresponding to two pions or two vector mesons, and local tetraquark operators. Using Lüscher's quantization condition, we constrain the infinite-volume scattering amplitudes and investigate subleading $N_\text{c}$ corrections to the large $N_\text{c}$ limit. For one of the channels, we find indications of a virtual bound state at $N_\text{c}=3$, which may be related to one of the aforementioned exotic states.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2025

QCD constraints on isospin-dense matter and the nuclear equation of state

Understanding the behavior of dense hadronic matter is a central goal in nuclear physics as it governs the nature and dynamics of astrophysical objects such as supernovae and neutron stars. Because of the non-perturbative nature of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), little is known rigorously about hadronic matter in these extreme conditions. Here, lattice QCD calculations are used to compute thermodynamic quantities and the equation of state of QCD over a wide range of isospin chemical potentials with controlled systematic uncertainties. Agreement is seen with chiral perturbation theory when the chemical potential is small. Comparison to perturbative QCD at large chemical potential allows for an estimate of the gap in the superconducting phase, and this quantity is seen to agree with perturbative determinations. Since the partition function for an isospin chemical potential, $μ_I$, bounds the partition function for a baryon chemical potential $μ_B=3μ_I/2$, these calculations also provide rigorous non-perturbative QCD bounds on the symmetric nuclear matter equation of state over a wide range of baryon densities for the first time.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2024

Determination of the pseudoscalar decay constant from SU(2) with two fundamental flavors

The SU(2) gauge group with two fundamental flavors is a candidate for a composite Higgs extension of the Standard Model. Central to Higgs phenomenology is a non-perturbative determination of observables of the theory, such as the decay constant of the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone Bosons. We present preliminary results for the continuum limit of the pseudoscalar decay constant using a mixed-action setup, with non-perturbatively improved stabilized Wilson Fermions on the sea, and maximally twisted valence quarks. Pivotal to this study is the recent porting of our simulation suite HiRep to GPU architecture.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2024

Incorporating $DDπ$ effects and left-hand cuts in lattice QCD studies of the $T_{cc}(3875)^+$

We generalize the relativistic field-theoretic three-particle finite-volume scattering formalism to describe generic $DDπ$ systems in the charm $C=2$ sector. This includes the isospin-0 channel, in which the recently discovered doubly-charmed tetraquark $T_{cc}(3875)^+$ is expected to manifest as a pole in the $DD π\to DD π$ scattering amplitude. The formalism presented here can also be applied to lattice QCD settings in which the $D^*$ is bound and, in particular, remains valid below the left-hand cut in $D D^*$ scattering, thus resolving an issue in previous analyses of lattice-determined finite-volume energies.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2024

Applications of flow models to the generation of correlated lattice QCD ensembles

Machine-learned normalizing flows can be used in the context of lattice quantum field theory to generate statistically correlated ensembles of lattice gauge fields at different action parameters. This work demonstrates how these correlations can be exploited for variance reduction in the computation of observables. Three different proof-of-concept applications are demonstrated using a novel residual flow architecture: continuum limits of gauge theories, the mass dependence of QCD observables, and hadronic matrix elements based on the Feynman-Hellmann approach. In all three cases, it is shown that statistical uncertainties are significantly reduced when machine-learned flows are incorporated as compared with the same calculations performed with uncorrelated ensembles or direct reweighting.

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arXiv2024

Electroweak three-body decays in the presence of two- and three-body bound states

Recently, formalism has been derived for studying electroweak transition amplitudes for three-body systems both in infinite and finite volumes. The formalism provides exact relations that the infinite-volume amplitudes must satisfy, as well as a relationship between physical amplitudes and finite-volume matrix elements, which can be constrained from lattice QCD calculations. This formalism poses additional challenges when compared with the analogous well-studied two-body equivalent one, including the necessary step of solving integral equations of singular functions. In this work, we provide some non-trivial analytical and numerical tests on the aforementioned formalism. In particular, we consider a case where the three-particle system can have three-body bound states as well as bound states in the two-body subsystem. For kinematics below the three-body threshold, we demonstrate that the scattering amplitudes satisfy unitarity. We also check that for these kinematics the finite-volume matrix elements are accurately described by the formalism for two-body systems up to exponentially suppressed corrections. Finally, we verify that in the case of the three-body bound state, the finite-volume matrix element is equal to the infinite-volume coupling of the bound state, up to exponentially suppressed errors.

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arXiv2024

Practical applications of machine-learned flows on gauge fields

Normalizing flows are machine-learned maps between different lattice theories which can be used as components in exact sampling and inference schemes. Ongoing work yields increasingly expressive flows on gauge fields, but it remains an open question how flows can improve lattice QCD at state-of-the-art scales. We discuss and demonstrate two applications of flows in replica exchange (parallel tempering) sampling, aimed at improving topological mixing, which are viable with iterative improvements upon presently available flows.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2024

Multiscale Normalizing Flows for Gauge Theories

Scale separation is an important physical principle that has previously enabled algorithmic advances such as multigrid solvers. Previous work on normalizing flows has been able to utilize scale separation in the context of scalar field theories, but the principle has been largely unexploited in the context of gauge theories. This work gives an overview of a new method for generating gauge fields using hierarchical normalizing flow models. This method builds gauge fields from the outside in, allowing different parts of the model to focus on different scales of the problem. Numerical results are presented for $U(1)$ and $SU(3)$ gauge theories in 2, 3, and 4 spacetime dimensions.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2024

Lattice QCD study of $πΣ-\bar{K}N$ scattering and the $Λ(1405)$ resonance

A lattice QCD computation of the coupled channel $πΣ-\bar{K}N$ scattering amplitudes in the $Λ(1405)$ region is detailed. Results are obtained using a single ensemble of gauge field configurations with $N_{\rm f} = 2+1$ dynamical quark flavors and $m_π \approx 200$ MeV and $m_K\approx487$ MeV. Hermitian correlation matrices using both single baryon and meson-baryon interpolating operators for a variety of different total momenta and irreducible representations are used. Several parametrizations of the two-channel scattering $K$-matrix are utilized to obtain the scattering amplitudes from the finite-volume spectrum. The amplitudes, continued to the complex energy plane, exhibit a virtual bound state below the $πΣ$ threshold and a resonance pole just below the $\bar{K}N$ threshold.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2024

Two-pole nature of the $Λ(1405)$ from lattice QCD

This letter presents the first lattice QCD computation of the coupled channel $πΣ-\bar{K}N$ scattering amplitudes at energies near $1405\,{\rm MeV}$. These amplitudes contain the resonance $Λ(1405)$ with strangeness $S=-1$ and isospin, spin, and parity quantum numbers $I(J^P)=0(1/2^-)$. However, whether there is a single resonance or two nearby resonance poles in this region is controversial theoretically and experimentally. Using single-baryon and meson-baryon operators to extract the finite-volume stationary-state energies to obtain the scattering amplitudes at slightly unphysical quark masses corresponding to $m_π\approx200$ MeV and $m_K\approx487$ MeV, this study finds the amplitudes exhibit a virtual bound state below the $πΣ$ threshold in addition to the established resonance pole just below the $\bar{K}N$ threshold. Several parametrizations of the two-channel $K$-matrix are employed to fit the lattice QCD results, all of which support the two-pole picture suggested by $SU(3)$ chiral symmetry and unitarity.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2024

The three-pion $K$-matrix at NLO in ChPT

The three-particle $K$-matrix, $\mathcal{K}_{\mathrm{df},3}$, is a scheme-dependent quantity that parametrizes short-range three-particle interactions in the relativistic-field-theory three-particle finite-volume formalism. In this work, we compute its value for systems of three pions in all isospin channels through next-to-leading order in Chiral Perturbation Theory, generalizing previous work done at maximum isospin. We obtain analytic expressions through quadratic order (or cubic order, in the case of zero isospin) in the expansion about the three-pion threshold.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

Progress in meson-meson scattering at large $N_\text{c}$

We study the large $N_\text{c}$ scaling of meson-meson scattering amplitudes in a theory with $N_\text{f}=4$ degenerate quark flavors. We focus on two different scattering channels, one having the same quantum numbers as some recently found tetraquark states at LHCb. Using Lüscher's formalism, we study the $N_\text{c}$ dependence of the scattering phase shift and investigate the presence of exotic resonances in the scattering amplitude. We analyze the impact of including two-vector-meson and tetraquark-like operators to extract the finite-volume energies.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2023

The $Λ(1405)$ from Lattice QCD: Determining the Finite-volume Spectra

This work presents technical details of determining the finite-volume energy spectra for the scattering amplitude of the coupled-channel $πΣ- \bar{K}N$ from lattice QCD data. The importance of reliably extracting such spectra lies in the crucial dependence of the hadronic scattering amplitudes analysis on the energy spectrum when using Lüscher's formalism. Results of the methods used are presented and the final finite-volume spectra are shown. The analysis of the scattering amplitude based on these results, exhibits a two-pole structure for the $Λ(1405)$, a virtual bound state below the $πΣ$ threshold and a resonance pole right below the $\bar{K}N$ threshold.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2023

Lattice QCD studies of the $Δ$ baryon resonance and the $K_0^\ast(700)$ and $a_0(980)$ meson resonances: the role of exotic operators in determining the finite-volume spectrum

Studies of the $Δ$ baryon resonance and the $K_0^\ast(700)$ and $a_0(980)$ meson resonances using $N_f=2+1$ lattice QCD for pion masses near 200 MeV are presented. The $s$-wave scattering lengths for both the $I=1/2$ $N π$ and $I=3/2$ $N π$ channels and properties of the $Δ$ resonance are identified from the finite-volume energy levels of the lattice simulation. The importance of a three-quark $Δ$-operator in the $Nπ$ system and tetraquark operators in the mesonic systems is investigated.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2023

Three-pion scattering: From the chiral Lagrangian to the lattice

In recent years, detailed studies of three-pion systems have become possible in lattice QCD. This has in turn led to interest in 3-to-3 scattering of pions in the chiral perturbation theory framework. In addition to being an interesting study of multi-meson dynamics in its own right, it provides a valuable handle on finite-volume effects and the pion mass dependence, thus complementing the lattice results. I present our derivation of the next-to-leading order amplitude for this process, as well as its conversion into the three-particle K-matrix, which enables direct comparison to the lattice. Our results significantly improve the agreement between theory and lattice, which was poor when only leading-order effects were taken into account.

hep-ph↗