Nonlinear Bosonization and Refermionization in One Dimension with the Keldysh Functional Integral
We develop a self-contained approach to bosonization and refermionization using the Keldysh functional integral. Starting from fermionic particles, we bosonize the system and obtain a description in terms of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid, with, in addition, an infinite series of interaction terms arising from the curvature of the fermionic particle spectrum. We explicitly calculate the leading interaction term and check its consistency with a different approach based on the Matsubara framework, within which we calculate the second leading interaction term, as well. Moreover, we bosonize weakly and strongly interacting bosonic particles, and, finally, refermionize interacting phonons into non-interacting fermionic quasiparticles. The work culminates in a map between bosonic and fermionic particles and effective bosonic and fermionic excitations, representing phonons and fermionic quasiparticles.