arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Frédéric Chapoton.
We make a first step towards categorification of the dendriform operad, using categories of modules over the Tamari lattices. This means that we describe some functors that correspond to part of the operad structure.
We introduce a q-deformation of Dirichlet series : for each s, an operator acting on formal power series in q without constant term. We relate Bernoulli-Carlitz numbers to the q-Riemann Zeta operators for negative integers, evaluated on some polynomials. ----- On introduit une déformation des séries de Dirichlet d'une variable complexe s, sous la forme d'un opérateur pour chaque nombre complexe s, agissant sur les séries formelles en une variable q sans terme constant. On montre que les fractions de Bernoulli-Carlitz sont les images de certains polynômes en q par les opérateurs associés à la fonction ? de Riemann aux entiers négatifs.
We define new combinatorial objects, called shrubs, such that forests of rooted trees are shrubs. We then introduce a structure of operad on shrubs. We show that this operad is contained in the Zinbiel operad, by using the inclusion of Zinbiel in the operad of moulds. We also prove that this inclusion is compatible with the richer structure of anticyclic operad that exists on Zinbiel and on moulds.
This paper is a brief mathematical excursion which starts from quantum electrodynamics and leads to the Moebius function of the Tamari lattice of planar binary trees, within the framework of groups of tree-expanded series. First we recall Brouder's expansion of the photon and the electron Green's functions on planar binary trees, before and after the renormalization. Then we recall the structure of Connes and Kreimer's Hopf algebra of renormalization in the context of planar binary trees, and of their dual group of tree-expanded series. Finally we show that the Moebius function of the Tamari posets of planar binary trees gives rise to a particular series in this group.
Using representations of quivers of type A, we define an anticyclic cooperad in the category of triangulated categories, which is a categorification of the linear dual of the Diassociative operad.
We define and study a series indexed by rooted trees and with coefficients in Q(q). We show that it is related to a family of Lie idempotents. We prove that this series is a q-deformation of a more classical series and that some of its coefficients are Carlitz q-Bernoulli numbers.
Starting from an operad, one can build a family of posets. From this family of posets, one can define an incidence Hopf algebra. By another construction, one can also build a group directly from the operad. We then consider its Hopf algebra of functions. We prove that there exists a surjective morphism from the latter Hopf algebra to the former one. This is illustrated by the case of an operad built on rooted trees, the $\NAP$ operad, where the incidence Hopf algebra is identified with the Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra of rooted trees.
The operad of moulds is realized in terms of an operational calculus of formal integrals (continuous formal power series). This leads to many simplifications and to the discovery of various suboperads. In particular, we prove a conjecture of the first author about the inverse image of non-crossing trees in the dendriform operad. Finally, we explain a connection with the formalism of noncommutative symmetric functions.
We prove that free pre-Lie algebras, when considered as Lie algebras, are free. Working in the category of S-modules, we define a natural filtration on the space of generators. We also relate the symmetric group action on generators with the structure of the anticyclic PreLie operad.
The structure of anticyclic operad on the Dendriform operad defines in particular a matrix of finite order acting on the vector space spanned by planar binary trees. We compute its characteristic polynomial and propose a (compatible) conjecture for the characteristic polynomial of the Coxeter transformation for the Tamari lattice, which is mostly a square root of this matrix.
A new anticyclic operad Mould is introduced, on spaces of functions in several variables. It is proved that the Dendriform operad is an anticyclic suboperad of this operad. Many operations on the free Mould algebra on one generator are introduced and studied. Under some restrictions, a forgetful map from moulds to formal vector fields is then defined. A connection to the theory of tilting modules for quivers of type A is also described.
We compute the characteristic polynomials of the posets of hypertrees. We show that the generating series of the polynomials can be expressed using cyclic hypertrees. We also propose a conjecture on the action of the symmetric groups on the homology of these posets. On the other hand, we show that Vallette's poset of pointed partitions is homotopy equivalent to Pitman's poset of forests. The implicit common thema of the article is the combinatorics of the PreLie operad.
We enumerate the intervals in the Tamari lattices. For this, we introduce an inductive description of the intervals. Then a notion of "new interval" is defined and these are also enumerated. A a side result, the inverse of two special series is computed in a group of tree-indexed series.
We describe a new basis of the ring of quasi-symmetric coinvariants, which is stable by the natural reversal of the set of variables. The indexing set is the set of triangulations of a regular polygon, instead of the set of Dyck paths used for the known basis. On décrit une nouvelle base de l'algèbre des coinvariants quasi-symétriques, qui est stable par l'involution naturelle et indexée par les triangulations d'un polygone régulier.