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Francesca Cioffi

Publications and source records attributed to Francesca Cioffi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2026

Enumerating finite O-sequences: sub-Fibonacci behavior and growth estimates

Let $O_d$ denote the number of finite $O$-sequences of multiplicity $d$, namely the Hilbert functions of standard graded Artinian quotients of polynomial rings over a field. Starting from an iterative formula for computing $O_d$, we pursue two complementary directions. First, letting $A_d$ be the number of the finite $O$-sequences of multiplicity $d$ whose last non-zero element is strictly larger than $1$, we prove that the sequence $(A_{d+2})_{d\geq 1}$ is sub-Fibonacci. This result gives an enhancement of the sub-Fibonacci behavior of $(O_d)_{d\geq 1}$. Then, we provide a new algorithm for computing $O_d$, with more efficient performances than other available algorithms. We use the computed data and statistical methods to obtain an empirical calibration, in the interval $1\leq d \leq 1100$, of the Stanley-Zanello asymptotic upper bound for $\log(O_d)$ that better fits the observed values of $\log(O_d)$. An analogous study of the Stanley-Zanello asymptotic lower bound for $\log(O_d)$ is also carried out. The same method can be applied in every interval where the data are known. Some consequent prediction estimates are proposed. We also show that the sequence $(O_d/O_{d-1})_{d\geq 2}$ is strongly Ces\`aro convergent to $1$. As a byproduct, we show that, if the sequence $(O_d/O_{d-1})_{d\ge 2}$ converges, then its limit must be equal to $1$, thereby giving a negative answer to a question posed by L. G. Roberts in 1992 under the assumption of convergence.

math.AC↗
arXiv2025

Free resolutions and marked families

Let $\mathbb{K}$ be a field and $A$ a Noetherian $\mathbb{K}$-algebra. In a paper of 2020, M. Albert, C. Bertone, M. Roggero and W. M. Seiler proved that, given a quasi-stable module $U \subset R^m$ with $R=\mathbb{K}[x_0,\dots,x_n]$, any submodule $M\subseteq (R\otimes A)^m$ generated by a marked basis over $U$ admits a special free resolution described in terms of marked bases as well, called the {\em $U$-resolution of $M$}. In this paper, we first investigate the minimality of the $U$-resolution and its structure. When $M$ is an ideal and $A=\mathbb{K}$, we show that $M$ is componentwise linear if and only if its $U$-resolution is minimal, up to a linear change of variables. Then, adopting a functorial approach to the construction of the $U$-resolution, we prove that certain functors naturally associated with the resolution are isomorphic. These isomorphisms arise from the fact that the marked basis of the $i$-th syzygy module in the $U$-resolution can be expressed in terms of the coefficients of the marked basis of $M$. Moreover, when $M$ is an ideal of depth at least 2, this correspondence can be reversed: in this case, the marked basis of $M$ itself can be written in terms of the coefficients of the marked basis of its first syzygy module.

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arXiv2025

Counting finite $O$-sequences of a given multiplicity

We study the number $O_d$ of finite $O$-sequences of a given multiplicity $d$, with particular attention to the computation of $O_d$. We show that the sequence $(O_d)_d$ is sub-Fibonacci, and that if the sequence $(O_d / O_{d-1})_d$ converges, its limit is bounded above by the golden ratio. This analysis also produces an elementary method for computing $O_d$. In addition, we derive an iterative formula for $O_d$ by exploiting a decomposition of lex-segment ideals introduced by S. Linusson in a previous work.

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arXiv2025

Initial ideal of a general rational or elliptic curve on quadrics

Over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, we prove that the generic initial ideal with respect to the degree reverse lexicographic term order of a general rational or elliptic curve on quadrics is almost revlex. Following constructive arguments, our proof combines features of a pencil of quadrics, interpolation methods and the notion of double generic initial ideal.

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arXiv2024

Cohen-Macaulay, Gorenstein and complete intersection conditions by marked bases

Using techniques coming from the theory of marked bases, we develop new computational methods for detection and construction of Cohen-Macaulay, Gorenstein and complete intersection homogeneous polynomial ideals. Thanks to the functorial properties of marked bases, an elementary and effective proof of the openness of arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay, arithmetically Gorenstein and strict complete intersection loci in a Hilbert scheme follows, for a non-constant Hilbert polynomial.

math.AC↗
arXiv2022

Open Covers and Lex Points of Hilbert schemes over quotient rings via relative marked bases

We introduce the notion of a relative marked basis over quasi-stable ideals, together with constructive methods and a functorial interpretation, developing computational methods for the study of Hilbert schemes over quotients of polynomial rings. Then we focus on two applications. The first has a theoretical flavour and produces an explicit open cover of the Hilbert scheme when the quotient ring is Cohen-Macaulay on quasi-stable ideals. Together with relative marked bases, we use suitable general changes of variables which preserve the structure of the quasi-stable ideal, against the expectations. The second application has a computational flavour. When the quotient rings are Macaulay-Lex on quasi-stable ideals, we investigate the lex-point of the Hilbert schemes and find examples of both smooth and singular lex-points.

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arXiv2022

An effective decomposition theorem for Schubert varieties

Given a Schubert variety $\mathcal{S}$ contained in a Grassmannian $\mathbb{G}_{k}(\mathbb{C}^{l})$, we show how to obtain further information on the direct summands of the derived pushforward $R \pi_{*} \mathbb{Q}_{\tilde{\mathcal{S}}}$ given by the application of the decomposition theorem to a suitable resolution of singularities $\pi: \tilde{\mathcal{S}} \rightarrow \mathcal{S}$. As a by-product, Poincar\'e polynomial expressions are obtained along with an algorithm which computes the unknown terms in such expressions and which shows that the actual number of direct summands happens to be less than the number of supports of the decomposition.

math.AG↗
arXiv2020

Polynomial identities related to Special Schubert varieties

Let $\mathcal S$ be a single condition Schubert variety with an arbitrary number of strata. Recently, an explicit description of the summands involved in the decomposition theorem applied to such a variety has been obtained in a paper of the second author. Starting from this result, we provide an explicit description of the Poincaré polynomials of the intersection cohomology of $\mathcal S$ by means of the Poincaré polynomials of its strata, obtaining interesting polynomial identities relating Poincaré polynomials of several Grassmannians, both by a local and by a global point of view. We also present a symbolic study of a particular case of these identities.

math.AG↗
arXiv2020

The close relation between border and Pommaret marked bases

Given a finite order ideal $\mathcal O$ in the polynomial ring $K[x_1,\dots, x_n]$ over a field $K$, let $\partial \mathcal O$ be the border of $\mathcal O$ and $\mathcal P_{\mathcal O}$ the Pommaret basis of the ideal generated by the terms outside $\mathcal O$. In the framework of reduction structures introduced by Ceria, Mora, Roggero in 2019, we investigate relations among $\partial\mathcal O$-marked sets (resp. bases) and $\mathcal P_{\mathcal O}$-marked sets (resp. bases). We prove that a $\partial\mathcal O$-marked set $B$ is a marked basis if and only if the $\mathcal P_{\mathcal O}$-marked set $P$ contained in $B$ is a marked basis and generates the same ideal as $B$. Using a functorial description of these marked bases, as a byproduct we obtain that the affine schemes respectively parameterizing $\partial\mathcal O$-marked bases and $\mathcal P_{\mathcal O}$-marked bases are isomorphic. We are able to describe this isomorphism as a projection that can be explicitly constructed without the use of Gr\"obner elimination techniques. In particular, we obtain a straightforward embedding of border schemes in smaller affine spaces. Furthermore, we observe that Pommaret marked schemes give an open covering of punctual Hilbert schemes. Several examples are given along all the paper.

math.AC↗
arXiv2019

From grids to pseudo-grids of lines: resolution and seminormality

Over an infinite field $K$, we investigate the minimal free resolution of some configurations of lines. We explicitly describe the minimal free resolution of "complete grids of lines" and obtain an analogous result about the so-called "complete pseudo-grids". Moreover, we characterize the total Betti numbers of configurations that are obtained posing a multiplicity condition on the lines of either a complete grid or a complete pseudo-grid. Finally, we analyze when a complete pseudo-grid is seminormal, differently from a complete grid. The main tools that have been involved in our study are the mapping cone procedure and properties of liftings, of pseudo-liftings and of weighted ideals. Although complete grids and pseudo-grids are hypersurface configurations and many results about such type of configurations have already been stated in literature, we give new contributions, in particular about the maps of the resolution.

math.AC↗
arXiv2019

On almost revlex ideals with Hilbert function of complete intersections

In this paper, we investigate the behavior of almost reverse lexicographic ideals with the Hilbert function of a complete intersection. More precisely, over a field $K$, we give a new constructive proof of the existence of the almost revlex ideal $J\subset K[x_1,\dots,x_n]$, with the same Hilbert function as a complete intersection defined by $n$ forms of degrees $d_1\leq \dots \leq d_n$. Properties of the reduction numbers for an almost revlex ideal have an important role in our inductive and constructive proof, which is different from the more general construction given by Pardue in 2010. We also detect several cases in which an almost revlex ideal having the same Hilbert function as a complete intersection corresponds to a singular point in a Hilbert scheme. This second result is the outcome of a more general study of lower bounds for the dimension of the tangent space to a Hilbert scheme at stable ideals, in terms of the number of minimal generators.

math.AC↗
arXiv2019

The range of all regularities for polynomial ideals with a given Hilbert function

Given the Hilbert function $u$ of a closed subscheme of a projective space over an infinite field $K$, let $m_u$ and $M_u$ be, respectively, the minimum and the maximum among all the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularities of schemes with Hilbert function $u$. I show that, for every integer $m$ such that $m_u \leq m \leq M_u$, there exists a scheme with Hilbert function $u$ and Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity $m$. As a consequence, the analogous algebraic result for an O-sequence $f$ and homogeneous polynomial ideals over $K$ with Hilbert function $f$ holds too. Although this result does not need any explicit computation, I also describe how to compute a scheme with the above requested properties. Precisely, I give a method to construct a strongly stable ideal defining such a scheme.

math.AC↗
arXiv2018

Functors of Liftings of Projective Schemes

A classical approach to investigate a closed projective scheme $W$ consists of considering a general hyperplane section of $W$, which inherits many properties of $W$. The inverse problem that consists in finding a scheme $W$ starting from a possible hyperplane section $Y$ is called a {\em lifting problem}, and every such scheme $W$ is called a {\em lifting} of $Y$. Investigations in this topic can produce methods to obtain schemes with specific properties. For example, any smooth point for $Y$ is smooth also for $W$. We characterize all the liftings of $Y$ with a given Hilbert polynomial by a parameter scheme that is obtained by gluing suitable affine open subschemes in a Hilbert scheme and is described through the functor it represents. We use constructive methods from Gröbner and marked bases theories. Furthermore, by classical tools we obtain an analogous result for equidimensional liftings. Examples of explicit computations are provided.

math.AG↗
arXiv2017

Smoothable Gorenstein points via marked schemes and double-generic initial ideals

Over an infinite field $K$ with $\mathrm{char}(K)\neq 2,3$, we investigate smoothable Gorenstein $K$-points in a punctual Hilbert scheme from a new point of view, which is based on properties of double-generic initial ideals and of marked schemes. We obtain the following results: (i) points defined by graded Gorenstein $K$-algebras with Hilbert function $(1,7,7,1)$ are smoothable, in the further hypothesis that $K$ is algebraically closed; (ii) the Hilbert scheme $\mathrm{Hilb}_{16}^7$ has at least three irreducible components. The properties of marked schemes give us a simple method to compute the Zariski tangent space to a Hilbert scheme at a given $K$-point, which is very useful in this context. Over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $0$, we also test our tools to find the already known result that points defined by graded Gorenstein $K$-algebras with Hilbert function $(1,5,5,1)$ are smoothable. In characteristic zero, all the results about smoothable points also hold for local Artin Gorenstein $K$-algebras.

math.AG↗
arXiv2017

Macaulay-like marked bases

We define marked sets and bases over a quasi-stable ideal $\mathfrak j$ in a polynomial ring on a Noetherian $K$-algebra, with $K$ a field of any characteristic. The involved polynomials may be non-homogeneous, but their degree is bounded from above by the maximum among the degrees of the terms in the Pommaret basis of $\mathfrak j$ and a given integer $m$. Due to the combinatorial properties of quasi-stable ideals, these bases behave well with respect to homogenization, similarly to Macaulay bases. We prove that the family of marked bases over a given quasi-stable ideal has an affine scheme structure, is flat and, for large enough $m$, is an open subset of a Hilbert scheme. Our main results lead to algorithms that explicitly construct such a family. We compare our method with similar ones and give some complexity results.

math.AC↗
arXiv2016

Double-Generic Initial Ideal and Hilbert Scheme

Following the approach in the book "Commutative Algebra", by D. Eisenbud, where the author describes the generic initial ideal by means of a suitable total order on the terms of an exterior power, we introduce first the generic initial extensor of a subset of a Grassmannian and then the double-generic initial ideal of a so-called GL-stable subset of a Hilbert scheme. We discuss the features of these new notions and introduce also a partial order which gives another useful description of them. The double-generic initial ideals turn out to be the appropriate points to understand some geometric properties of a Hilbert scheme: they provide a necessary condition for a Borel ideal to correspond to a point of a given irreducible component, lower bounds for the number of irreducible components in a Hilbert scheme and the maximal Hilbert function in every irreducible component. Moreover, we prove that every isolated component having a smooth double-generic initial ideal is rational. As a byproduct, we prove that the Cohen-Macaulay locus of the Hilbert scheme parameterizing subschemes of codimension 2 is the union of open subsets isomorphic to affine spaces. This improves results by J. Fogarty (1968) and R. Treger (1989).

math.AG↗
arXiv2015

The scheme of liftings and applications

We study the locus of the liftings of a homogeneous ideal $H$ in a polynomial ring over any field. We prove that this locus can be endowed with a structure of scheme $\mathrm L_H$ by applying the constructive methods of Gröbner bases, for any given term order. Indeed, this structure does not depend on the term order, since it can be defined as the scheme representing the functor of liftings of $H$. We also provide an explicit isomorphism between the schemes corresponding to two different term orders. Our approach allows to embed $\mathrm L_H$ in a Hilbert scheme as a locally closed subscheme, and, over an infinite field, leads to find interesting topological properties, as for instance that $\mathrm L_H$ is connected and that its locus of radical liftings is open. Moreover, we show that every ideal defining an arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay scheme of codimension two has a radical lifting, giving in particular an answer to an open question posed by L. G. Roberts in 1989.

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