arXiv subjects

Francesco Knechtli

Publications and source records attributed to Francesco Knechtli.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2024

Charmonium spectroscopy with optimal distillation profiles

We use the method of optimal distillation profiles to compute the low-lying charmonium spectrum in an $N_f = 3+1$ ensemble at the $SU(3)$ light flavor symmetric point ($m_π \approx 420$ MeV), physical charm quark mass and lattice spacing $a\approx 0.0429$ fm. The spectrum and mass splittings display good agreement with their values in nature and the statistical errors are comparable, if not smaller, than those of state-of-the-art lattice calculations. We also present first results on the mixing of charmonium with glueballs and light hadrons obtained in a similar $N_f = 3+1$ ensemble but at larger pion mass.

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arXiv2024

A non-perturbative determination of $b_{\rm g}$

Close to the continuum limit, lattice QCD with mass-degenerate Wilson quarks can be described by Symanzik's effective continuum action, which contains the dimension 5 operator, $m\,{\rm tr}(F_{μν}F_{μν})$. Its effect can be eliminated by an O($am_{\rm q}$) rescaling of the bare lattice coupling constant. Until recently, the corresponding improvement coefficient, $b_{\rm g}$, was only known perturbatively to 1-loop order and an estimate of the remaining uncertainty is the dominant systematic error in the ALPHA collaboration's recent determination of $α_s(m_Z)$ with the decoupling method. To remove this error we have determined $b_{\rm g}$ non-perturbatively for the corresponding parameter range. We here briefly review improvement conditions for $b_{\rm g}$, perform a perturbative test and report on our non-perturbative results for $b_{\rm g}$.

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arXiv2024

Optimized Distillation Profiles for Heavy-Light Spectroscopy

It has been demonstrated that distillation profiles can be employed to build optimized quarkonium interpolators for spectroscopy calculations in lattice QCD. We test their usefulness for heavy-light systems on (3+1)-flavor ensembles with mass-degenerate light and a charm quark in the sea in preparation for a future $D\bar{D}$-scattering analysis. The additional cost of light inversions naturally leads to the question if knowledge of optimal profiles can be used to avoid superfluous computations. We show such optimal profiles for different lattice sizes and pion masses and discuss general trends. Furthermore, we discuss the handling of momenta in this framework.

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arXiv2023

The determination of $r_0$ and $r_1$ in $N_f=2+1$ QCD

We determine the scales $r_0$, $r_1$, the ratio $r_0/r_1$ for $N_f$ = 2 + 1 flavor QCD ensembles generated by CLS. These scales are determined from an improved definition of the static force, which we measure using Wilson loops and furthermore use to study the shape of the potential. Our analysis involves various continuum and chiral extrapolations of data that covers pion masses between 134 MeV and 420 MeV and five lattice spacings down to 0.038 fm.

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arXiv2023

Hybrid static potentials from Laplacian Eigenmodes

We present a method for computing hybrid static quark-antiquark potentials in lattice QCD based on Laplace trial states. They are formed by eigenvector components of the covariant lattice Laplace operator and their covariant derivatives. The new method does not need complicated gauge link paths between the static quarks and makes off-axis separations easily accessible. We show first results for $Σ$ and $Π$ together with their excited states on a dynamical ensemble.

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arXiv2023

Performance of two-level sampling for the glueball spectrum in pure gauge theory

The computation of the glueball spectrum is particularly challenging due to the rapid decay of the signal-to-noise ratio of the correlation functions. To address this issue, advanced techniques such as gauge link smearing and the variational method are commonly employed to identify the spectrum before the signal diminishes significantly. However, a significant improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved by utilising multilevel sampling techniques. In this talk, we present a study of the glueball spectrum in pure gauge theory with a two-level algorithm. Specifically, we explore the relation between noise reduction and the various multilevel parameters, such as the width of the dynamical regions and the number of submeasurements.

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arXiv2023

Constructing static quark-anti-quark creation operators from Laplacian eigenmodes

We investigate static quark anti-quark operators based on trial states formed from eigenvectors of the covariant three-dimensional lattice Laplace operator. We test the method by computing the static quark-anti-quark potential and comparing results to standard Wilson loop measurements. The new method is efficient not only for on-axis, but also for many off-axis quark-anti-quark separations when a fine spatial resolution is required. We further improve the ground-state overlap by using multiple eigenvector pairs, weighted with Gaussian profile functions of the eigenvalues, providing a variational basis. The method presented here can be applied to potential functions for all possible excitations of a gluonic string with fixed ends, hybrid or tetra-quark potentials, as well as static-light systems and allows visualization of the spatial distribution of the Laplace trial states.

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arXiv2022

Optimized meson operators for charmonium spectroscopy and mixing with glueballs

Optimized meson operators in the distillation framework are used to study the charmonium spectrum in two ensembles with two heavy dynamical quarks at half the physical charm quark mass but different lattice spacings. The use of optimal meson distillation profiles is shown to increase the overlap with the ground state significantly, as well as grant access to excited states, for multiple quantum numbers including hybrid states with very little additional cost. These same operators are also employed for the calculation of meson-glueball mixing.

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arXiv2022

Optimising creation operators for charmonium spectroscopy on the lattice

Smearing the bare quantum fields in lattice calculations before applying composite hadron creation operators has a long record of substantially improving overlaps onto low-lying energy eigenstates. A technique called distillation which defines smearing for quark fields as a low-rank linear projection operator into a small vector space of smooth gauge-covariant fields has proven to be both effective and versatile in hadron spectroscopy calculations albeit with significant computational cost . In this paper, more general operators in this space of smooth fields are introduced and optimised, which enhances the performance of the method when tested on systems of heavy quark-anti-quark pairs close to the charmonium energy scale.

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arXiv2022

Determination of $α_s(m_Z)$ by the non-perturbative decoupling method

We present the details and first results of a new strategy for the determination of $α_s(m_Z)$. By simultaneously decoupling 3 fictitious heavy quarks we establish a relation between the $Λ$-parameters of three-flavor QCD and pure gauge theory. Very precise recent results in the pure gauge theory can thus be leveraged to obtain the three-flavour $Λ$-parameter in units of a common decoupling scale. Connecting this scale to hadronic physics in 3-flavour QCD leads to our result in physical units, $Λ^{(3)}_{\bar{\rm MS}} = 336(12)\, {\rm MeV}$, which translates to $α_s(m_Z) = 0.11823(84)$. This is compatible with both the FLAG average and the previous ALPHA result, with a comparable, yet still statistics dominated, error. This constitutes a highly non-trivial check, as the decoupling strategy is conceptually very different from the 3-flavour QCD step-scaling method, and so are their systematic errors. These include the uncertainties of the combined decoupling and continuum limits, which we discuss in some detail. We also quantify the correlation between both results, due to some common elements, such as the scale determination in physical units and the definition of the energy scale where we apply decoupling.

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arXiv2022

The static energy of a quark-antiquark pair from Laplacian eigenmodes

We test a method for computing the static quark-antiquark potential in lattice QCD, which is not based on Wilson loops, but where the trial states are formed by eigenvector components of the covariant lattice Laplace operator. The runtime of this method is significantly smaller than the standard Wilson loop calculation, when computing the static potential not only for on-axis, but also for many off-axis quark-antiquark separations, i.e., when a fine spatial resolution is required. We further improve the signal by using multiple eigenvector pairs, weighted with Gaussian profile functions of the eigenvalues, providing a basis for a generalized eigenvalue problem (GEVP), as it was recently introduced to improve distillation in meson spectroscopy. We show results with the new method for the static potential with dynamical fermions and demonstrate its efficiency compared to traditional Wilson loop calculations. The method presented here can also be applied to compute hybrid or tetra-quark potentials and to static-light systems.

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arXiv2022

Hadron Spectroscopy with Lattice QCD

The status and prospects for investigations of exotic and conventional hadrons with lattice QCD are discussed. The majority of hadrons decay strongly via one or multiple decay-channels, including most of the experimentally discovered exotic hadrons. Despite this difficult challenge, the properties of several hadronic resonances have been determined within lattice QCD. To further discern the spectroscopic properties of various hadrons and to help resolve their nature we present our suggestions for future analytic and lattice studies.

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arXiv2021

Results for $α_s$ from the decoupling strategy

We present analysis details and new results for the strong coupling $α_s(m_Z)$, determined by the decoupling strategy. We measure a massive gradient flow (GF) coupling defined in finite volume with Schrödinger functional (SF) boundary conditions in a theory with $N_\text{f}=3$ degenerate heavy quarks of mass $M$. The massive couplings are matched to effective couplings in pure gauge. Using the running in the pure gauge theory and the perturbative relation of the Lambda parameters, the Lambda parameter of the three flavor theory is obtained by an extrapolation to infinite M. Our final result is compatible both with the FLAG average and with the previous ALPHA result, albeit with a slightly smaller, yet still statistics dominated, error. This constitutes a non-trivial check, as the decoupling strategy is conceptually very different from the 3-flavor QCD step-scaling method, and so are most of its systematic errors. These include the uncertainties of the decoupling and continuum limits, which we discuss in some detail. Furthermore, by relying on decoupling once again, we could estimate the small $O(a)$ and $O(1/M)$ contaminations to the massive GF coupling stemming from the SF boundaries by means of pure gauge simulations.

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arXiv2021

Optimizing Distillation for charmonium and glueballs

We study the charmonium spectrum on an ensemble with two heavy dynamical quarks with a mass at half the physical charm quark mass. Operators for different quantum numbers are used in the framework of distillation with different smearing profiles to increase the overlap with ground and excited states. The use of exact distillation, large statistics and the absence of light quarks gives robust results for the charmonium spectrum. We also present preliminary results for the glueball spectrum in this theory.

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arXiv2021

Charm sea effects on charmonium decay constants and heavy meson masses

We estimate the effects on the decay constants of charmonium and on heavy meson masses due to the charm quark in the sea. Our goal is to understand whether for these quantities $N_f=2+1$ lattice QCD simulations provide results that can be compared with experiments or whether $N_f=2+1+1$ QCD including the charm quark in the sea needs to be simulated. We consider two theories, $N_f=0$ QCD and QCD with $N_f=2$ charm quarks in the sea. The charm sea effects (due to two charm quarks) are estimated comparing the results obtained in these two theories, after matching them and taking the continuum limit. The absence of light quarks allows us to simulate the $N_f=2$ theory at lattice spacings down to $0.023$ fm that are crucial for reliable continuum extrapolations. We find that sea charm quark effects are below $1\%$ for the decay constants of charmonium. Our results show that decoupling of charm works well up to energies of about $500$ MeV. We also compute the derivatives of the decay constants and meson masses with respect to the charm mass. For these quantities we again do not see a significant dynamical charm quark effect, albeit with a lower precision. For mesons made of a charm quark and a heavy antiquark, whose mass is twice that of the charm quark, sea effects are only about $0.1\%$ in the ratio of vector to pseudoscalar masses.

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arXiv2020

A multigrid accelerated eigensolver for the Hermitian Wilson-Dirac operator in lattice QCD

Eigenvalues of the Hermitian Wilson-Dirac operator are of special interest in several lattice QCD simulations, e.g., for noise reduction when evaluating all-to-all propagators. In this paper we present a Davidson-type eigensolver that utilizes the structural properties of the Hermitian Wilson-Dirac operator $Q$ to compute eigenpairs of this operator corresponding to small eigenvalues. The main idea is to exploit a synergy between the (outer) eigensolver and its (inner) iterative scheme which solves shifted linear systems. This is achieved by adapting the multigrid DD-$α$AMG algorithm to a solver for shifted systems involving the Hermitian Wilson-Dirac operator. We demonstrate that updating the coarse grid operator using eigenvector information obtained in the course of the generalized Davidson method is crucial to achieve good performance when calculating many eigenpairs, as our study of the local coherence shows. We compare our method with the commonly used software-packages PARPACK and PRIMME in numerical tests, where we are able to achieve significant improvements, with speed-ups of up to one order of magnitude and a near-linear scaling with respect to the number of eigenvalues. For illustration we compare the distribution of the small eigenvalues of $Q$ on a $64\times 32^3$ lattice with what is predicted by the Banks-Casher relation in the infinite volume limit.

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arXiv2020

Scale setting for $N_f=3+1$ QCD

We present the scale setting for a new set of gauge configurations generated with $N_f=3+1$ Wilson quarks with a non-perturbatively determined clover coefficient in a massive O($a$) improvement scheme. The three light quarks are degenerate, with the sum of their masses being equal to its value in nature and the charm quark has its physical mass. We use open boundary conditions in time direction to avoid the problem of topological freezing at small lattice spacings and twisted-mass reweighting for improved stability of the simulations. The decoupling of charm at low energy allows us to set the scale by measuring the value of the low-energy quantity $t_0^\star/a^2$, which is the flow scale $t_0$ at our mass point, and comparing it to an $N_f=2+1$ result in physical units. We present the details of the algorithmic setup and tuning procedure and give the bare parameters of ensembles with two lattice spacings a=0.054 fm and a=0.043 fm. We discuss finite volume effects and lattice artifacts and present physical results for the charmonium spectrum. In particular the hyperfine splitting between the $η_c$ and $J/ψ$ mesons agrees very well with its physical value.

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arXiv2020

Constrained Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithms for gauge-Higgs models

We develop Hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) algorithms for constrained Hamiltonian systems of gauge- Higgs models and introduce a new observable for the constraint effective Higgs potential. We use an extension of the so-called Rattle algorithm to general Hamiltonians for constrained systems, which we adapt to the 4D Abelian-Higgs model and the 5D SU(2) gauge theory on the torus and on the orbifold. The derivative of the potential is measured via the expectation value of the Lagrange multiplier for the constraint condition and allows a much more precise determination of the effective potential than conventional histogram methods. With the new method, we can access the potential over the full domain of the Higgs variable, while the histogram method is restricted to a short region around the expectation value of the Higgs field in unconstrained simulations, and the statistical precision does not deteriorate when the volume is increased. We further verify our results by comparing to the one-loop Higgs potential of the 4D Abelian-Higgs model in unitary gauge and find good agreement. To our knowledge, this is the first time this problem has been addressed for theories with gauge fields. The algorithm can also be used in four dimensions to study finite temperature and density transitions via effective Polyakov loop actions.

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