arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Francesco Sannino.
The critical behavior of non-order parameter fields is discussed. We show that relevant features of the deconfining phase transition can be determined by monitoring universal properties induced by the order parameter on the physical excitations. Some of the behaviors we uncover are already supported by lattice results.
We propose a general strategy to determine universal properties induced by a nearby phase transition on a non-order parameter field. A general renormalizable Lagrangian is used, which contains the order parameter and a non-order parameter field, and respects all the symmetries present. We investigate the case in which the order parameter field depends only on space coordinates and the case in which this field is also time dependent. We find that the spatial correlators of the non-order parameter field, in both cases, are infrared dominated and can be used to determine properties of the phase transition. We predict a universal behavior for the screening mass of a generic singlet field, and show how to extract relevant information from such a quantity. We also demonstrate that the pole mass of the non-order parameter field is not infrared sensitive. Our results can be applied to any continuous phase transition. As an example we consider the deconfining transition in pure Yang-Mills theory, and show that our findings are supported by lattice data. Our analysis suggests that monitoring the spatial correlators of different hadron species, more specifically the derivatives of these, provides an efficient and sufficient way to experimentally uncover the deconfining phase transition and its features.
Here I review vectorial type condensation due to a non zero chemical potential associated to some of the global conserved charges of the theory. The phase structure is very rich since three distinct phases exists depending on the value assumed by one of the zero chemical potential vector self interaction terms. In a certain limit of the couplings and for large chemical potential the theory is not stable. This limit corresponds to a gauge type limit often employed to economically describe the ordinary vector mesons self interactions in QCD. Our analysis is relevant since it leads to a number of physical applications not limited to strongly interacting theories at non zero chemical potential.
Recently the Bose-Einstein phenomenon has been proposed as possible physical mechanism underlying the spontaneous symmetry breaking in cold gauge theories. The mechanism is natural and we use it to drive the electroweak symmetry breaking. The mechanism can be implemented in different ways while here we review two simple models in which the Bose-Einstein sector is felt directly or indirectly by all of the standard model fields. The structure of the corrections due to the new mechanism is general and independent on the model used leading to experimental signatures which can be disentangled from other known extensions of the standard model.
Recently the Bose-Einstein phenomenon has been proposed as possible physical mechanism underlying the spontaneous symmetry breaking in cold gauge theories. The mechanism is natural and we use it to drive the electroweak symmetry breaking. It can be implemented in different ways while here we present a simple model in which the Bose-Einstein sector is felt only indirectly by all of the standard model fields. The structure of the corrections due to the new mechanism is general and independent on the model used here leading to experimental signatures which can be disentangled from other known extensions of the standard model.
We propose a mechanism naturally leading to the spontaneous symmetry breaking in a gauge theory. The Higgs field is assumed to have global and gauged internal symmetries. We associate a non zero chemical potential to one of the globally conserved charges commuting with all of the gauge transformations. This induces a negative mass squared for the Higgs field triggering the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the global and local symmetries. The mechanism is general and we test the idea for the electroweak theory in which the Higgs sector is extended to possess an extra global Abelian symmetry. To this symmetry we associate a non zero chemical potential. The Bose-Einstein condensation of the Higgs leads, at tree level, to modified dispersion relations for the Higgs field while the dispersion relations of the gauge bosons and fermions remain undisturbed. The latter are modified through higher order corrections. We have computed some corrections to the vacuum polarizations of the gauge bosons and fermions. To quantify the corrections to the gauge boson vacuum polarizations with respect to the Standard Model we considered the effects on the T parameter. We finally derive the one loop modified fermion dispersion relations.
Internal and Lorentz symmetries are necessarily linked when considering non scalar condensates. Here I review vectorial type condensation due to a non zero chemical potential associated to some of the global conserved charges of the theory. The phase structure is very rich since three distinct phases exists depending on the value assumed by one of the zero chemical potential vector self interaction terms. In a certain limit of the couplings and for large chemical potential the theory is not stable. This limit corresponds to a gauge type limit often employed to economically describe the ordinary vector mesons self interactions in QCD. Our analysis is relevant since it leads to a number of physical applications not limited to strongly interacting theories at non zero chemical potential.
We show that all of the relevant features of a phase transition can be determined using a non order parameter field which is a physical state of the theory. This fact allows us to understand the deconfining transition of the pure Yang-Mills theory via the physical excitations rather than using the Polyakov loop.
I provide new arguments supporting the validity of the t'Hooft anomaly conditions at non zero quark chemical potential. These constraints strengthen the quark-hadron continuity scenario. Finally I review the 2SC effective Lagrangian for color superconductivity.
We study relativistic massive vector condensation due to a non zero chemical potential associated to some of the global conserved charges of the theory. We show that the phase structure is very rich. More specifically there are three distinct phases depending on the value of one of the zero chemical potential vector self interaction terms. We also develop a formalism which enables us to investigate the vacuum structure and dispersion relations in the spontaneously broken phase of the theory. We show that in a certain limit of the couplings and for large chemical potential the theory is not stable. This limit, interestingly, corresponds to a gauge type limit often employed to economically describe the ordinary vector mesons self interactions in QCD. We finally indicate for which physical systems our analysis is relevant.
We investigate N=1 super Yang-Mills theory using fractional branes. We first define the beta-function with respect to a supergravity coordinate. To provide the relation between the supergravity parameter and the renormalization group scale we use the UV known gauge theory beta-function as a type of boundary condition. We show that there are no privileged renormalization schemes connected to a given supergravity solution while we investigate in some detail two schemes. The Wilsonian one where just one loop is manifest and the one containing multi-loops. A new functional relation between the gaugino condensate and the supergravity coordinates is finally determined.
We consider the Maldacena-Nunez supergravity solution corresponding to N=1 super Yang-Mills within the approach by Di Vecchia, Lerda and Merlatti. We show that if one uses the radial distance as a field theory scale, the corresponding beta function has an infrared fixed point. Assuming this to be a physical property for all four dimensional non-singular renormalization schemes, we use the relation between the gaugino condensate and its dual to investigate the connection between the IR and UV behaviors. Imposing the ``field theory boundary condition'' that the first two terms in the perturbative UV beta function are universal, the fixed point is found to be of first order, and the slope of the IR beta function is also fixed.
In models with large extra dimensions all gauge singlet fields can in principle propagate in the extra dimensional space. We have investigated possible constraints on majoron models of neutrino masses in which the majorons propagate in extra dimensions. It is found that astrophysical constraints from supernovae are many orders of magnitude stronger than previous accelerator bounds. Our findings suggest that unnatural types of the "see-saw" mechanism for neutrino masses are unlikely to occur in nature, even in the presence of extra dimensions.
The order parameter for the pure Yang-Mills phase transition is the Polyakov loop which encodes the symmetries of the Z_N center of the SU(N) gauge group. On the other side the physical degrees of freedom of any asymptotically free gauge theory are hadronic states. Using the Yang-Mills trace anomaly and the exact Z_N symmetry we construct a model able to communicate to the hadrons the information carried by the order parameter.
I briefly review some aspects of the Quantum Chromo Dynamics phase diagram at non zero temperature and quark chemical potential. I then suggest new possible phases which can appear in strongly interacting theories at non zero chemical potential. Finally I describe the phase diagram as function of the number of flavors and colors at zero quark chemical potential and zero temperature.
The common view that structure functions measured in deep inelastic lepton scattering are determined by the probability of finding quarks and gluons in the target is not correct in gauge theory. We show that gluon exchange between the fast, outgoing partons and target spectators, which is usually assumed to be an irrelevant gauge artifact, affects the leading twist structure functions in a profound way. This observation removes the apparent contradiction between the projectile (eikonal) and target (parton model) views of diffractive and small x_{Bjorken} phenomena. The diffractive scattering of the fast outgoing quarks on spectators in the target causes shadowing in the DIS cross section. Thus the depletion of the nuclear structure functions is not intrinsic to the wave function of the nucleus, but is a coherent effect arising from the destructive interference of diffractive channels induced by final state interactions. This is consistent with the Glauber-Gribov interpretation of shadowing as a rescattering effect.
We explain why contrary to common belief, the deep inelastic scattering structure functions are not related to parton probabilities in the target.
I briefly review the effective Lagrangians for three and two flavors QCD describing the relevant color superconductive light degrees of freedom and their electroweak interactions.