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Francisco Caruso

Publications and source records attributed to Francisco Caruso.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2026

Mass in the Light of Special Relativity

The text analyzes the concept of mass within Special Relativity, initially deconstructing the interpretation of Einstein's equation ($\varepsilon_\circ = m c^2$) as a principle of equivalence. Based on the adoption of the conservation laws of momentum and energy, the non-additivity of mass in composite systems is established. While in atomic and nuclear systems the total mass is less than the sum of its constituents, in the subnuclear domain the opposite occurs: the positive potential energy of confinement of quarks causes the mass of a hadron to be greater than the sum of the masses of its quarks; in the case of nucleons, it is much greater. It is concluded, then, that the mass of baryonic matter in the observable Universe comes, for the most part, from the energy associated with strong interactions.

physics.pop-ph↗
arXiv2025

Às vezes, solucionar uma crise depende de ampliá-la: a contribuição de Louis de Broglie à Física Quântica

Faz-se uma breve reconstrução histórica de alguns pontos que, de algum modo, contribuíram para o trabalho seminal de Louis de Broglie. Em particular, enfatiza-se a relevância de sua tese de doutorado, principalmente por seu valor epistemológico, ao ampliar a crise que havia sido introduzida na descrição da radiação pelo \textit{quantum} de Planck, abrindo caminho para sua solução. A brief historical reconstruction of some points that, in some way, contributed to Louis de Broglie's seminal work is made. In particular, the relevance of his doctoral thesis is emphasized, mainly for its epistemological value, in expanding the crisis that had been introduced in the description of radiation by Planck's quantum, paving the way for its solution.

physics.hist-ph↗
arXiv2025

Uma breve história do spin

A brief analysis is made of some historical points involved in the consolidation of the theoretical concept of \textit{spin}, originally introduced to explain the structure of atomic spectra in the absence and presence of electromagnetic fields, in 1925, by Dutch physicists Samuel Abraham Goudsmit and George Eugene Uhlenbeck. Its relevance in the context of the quantum description of matter is reiterated.

physics.hist-ph↗
arXiv2024

Is time one-dimensional?

In the History of Ideas, a succession of philosophical and scientific achievements, concerning the concept of space and its dimensionality, were essential to contribute, after a long period, to the theoretical possibility of thinking physical time with more than one dimension. Meanwhile, such a progress brought with it the expectation that one can either understand the role of dimensionality in the World or disclose how certain physical phenomena depend on it. Some of these issues are sketched throughout the text, as well as those remarkable moments in the History of Science where important contributions were made in order to give a satisfactory answer to the following inescapable question: -- How many dimensions does time have?

physics.hist-ph↗
arXiv2024

On the covariance of the d'Alembert equation: the cases of sound and light

The covariance of the d'Alembert equation for acoustic phenomena, described by mechanical waves in one or three spatial dimensions, under Galilean transformations, is demonstrated without the need to abandon the hypothesis that time is absolute in Classical Mechanics. This is true only if and only if the phase velocity of sound depends on the velocity of the observer. On the other hand, it is also shown that the same d'Alembert equation is covariant under Lorentz transformations if and only if the phase velocity of light does not depend on the observer.

physics.class-ph↗
arXiv2024

The Compton scientific mission in Brazil in 1941: a perspective from national newspaper and documents of the time

Starting from the perspective of reports published in Brazilian newspapers at the time, as well as letters exchanged between scientists who worked in Brazil and North American colleagues and documents from the symposium on cosmic rays, a chronological sequence of how the so-called Compton mission in Brazil took place and was perceived by the literate public will be presented.

physics.hist-ph↗
arXiv2023

On the Galilean covariance of the d'Alembert equation for acoustic phenomena

The covariance of the d'Alembert equation for acoustic phenomena -- which is a mechanical wave equation -- under the conventional Galilean transformation is demonstrated without the need to abandon the hypothesis that time is absolute in Classical Mechanics, {what would imply} a modification of Galileo's transformations, as suggested in a paper recently published in this journal.

physics.class-ph↗
arXiv2022

Still learning about space dimensionality: from the description of hydrogen atom by a generalized wave equation for dimensions D$\geq$3

The hydrogen atom is supposed to be described by a generalization of Schrödinger equation, in which the Hamiltonian depends on an iterated Laplacian and a Coulomb-like potential $r^{-β}$. Starting from previously obtained solutions for this equation using the $1/N$ expansion method, it is shown that new light can be shed on the problem of understanding the dimensionality of the world as proposed by Paul Ehrenfest. A surprisingly new result is obtained. Indeed, for the first time, we can understand that not only the sign of energy but also the value of the ground state energy of hydrogen atom is related to the threefold nature of space.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2022

On the influence of Maxwell--Chern--Simons electrodynamics in nuclear fusion involving electronic and muonic molecules

New results recently obtained (\textit{Annals of Physics} (New York) a.n.~168943) established some non-relativistic ground state solutions for three-body molecules interacting through a Chern--Simons model. Within this model, it was argued that Chern--Simons potential should not help improve the fusion rates by replacing electrons with muons, in the case of particular muonic molecules. This achievement motivated us to investigate quantitatively whether or not the Maxwell--Chern--Simons electrodynamics could influence positively, for example, the probability of having a muon-catalyzed fusion; its contribution to electronic molecules is also considered in this letter. The principal factors related to the probability of elementary nuclear fusion are therefore numerically calculated and compared with their analogs admitting other forms of interaction like $-1/ρ$ and $\ln (ρ)$. The analysis carried on here confirms that one should not expect a significant improvement in nuclear fusion rates in the case of muonic molecules, although, surprisingly, the same is not true for electronic molecules, compared with other theoretical predictions. Numerical predictions for the fusion rates for $ppe$, $ppμ$, $dde$ and $ddμ$ molecules are given as well as the predicted value for the tunneling rate for these molecules.

nucl-th↗
arXiv2022

Giotto e Galileu: novos olhares sobre o Céu e sobre o Livro da Natureza

In this work, an attempt is presented to understand the contribution of Galileo Galilei in the field of the History of Ideas, from the moment he points a spyglass to the sky. For that, it was previously necessary that Giotto painting the sky in blue. We reconstruct this fascinating trajectory between the 13th and 17th centuries in Europe, relating different practices and knowledges, as well as discussing the scientific and philosophical thought of that time. The main thesis of this essay is to show that Giotto, who painted the sky blue in a culture that wanted it to be golden, followed a conceptual path very similar to that followed by Galileo centuries later.

physics.hist-ph↗
arXiv2022

Applications of the Numerov method to simple quantum systems using Python

Numerov's numerical method is developed in a didactic way by using Python in its {\it Jupyter Notebook} version 6.0.3 for three different quantum physical systems: the hydrogen atom, a molecule governed by the Morse potential and for a quantum dot. After a brief introduction to the Numerov method, the complete code to calculate the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the hydrogen atom is presented. The necessary code changes to calculate the other two examples are also provided in the sequel.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2021

Non-relativistic solutions for three-body molecules within a Chern-Simons model

The wave functions and the ground state energies for the bound states of four different muonic and electronic molecules, governed by the Chern-Simons potential in two spatial dimensions, are numerically obtained with the Numerov method. The new results are compared with former planar configuration studies that consider the attractive potential as being proportional to $\ln(ρ)$, as well as with the three-dimensional analogs assuming a Coulomb potential.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2021

In what sense space dimensionality can be used to cast light into cultural anthropology?

Humans have always constructed spaces, through Mythos and Logos, as part of an aspiration to capture the essence of the changing world. This has been a permanent endeavour since the invention of language. By doing this, in fact, Humankind started constructing itself: we are beings in constant evolutionary process in real and imaginary spaces. Our concepts of Space and our anthropological ideas, specially the fundamental concepts of subject and subjectivity, are intertwined and intimately connected. We believe that the great narratives about Humanity, which ultimately define our view of ourselves, are entangled with those concepts that Cassirer identified as the cornerstones of culture: space, time, and number. To explore these ideas, the authors wrote an essay, in 2017, in a book format, in which the fundamental role of real and imaginary spaces (and especially of their dimensionalities) in the History of Culture was discussed. This book, titled "O Livro, o Espaço e a Natureza: Ensaio Sobre a Leitura do Mundo, as Mutações da Cultura e do Sujeito", has a preface written by Francisco Antonio Doria. As many of the issues treated there are among his multiple interests, it was decided to revisit here the problems of subjectivity and subject's relationship with the dimensionality of space including the question of the architecture of books and other writing supports.

physics.hist-ph↗
arXiv2021

The Fourth Dimension: From its spatial nature in Euclidean geometry to a time-like component of non-Euclidean manifolds

In this article, the evolution of the ideas about the fourth spatial dimension is presented, starting from those which come out within classical Euclidean geometry and going through those arose in the framework of non-Euclidean geometries, like those of Riemann and Minkowski. Particular attention is given to the moment when real time is effectively considered as a fourth dimension, as introduced by Einstein.

physics.hist-ph↗
arXiv2020

Solving two-dimensional non-relativistic electronic and muonic atoms governed by Chern-Simon potential

Bidimensional muonic and electronic atoms, with nuclei composed of a proton, deuteron, and triton, and governed by Chern-Simons potential, are numerically solved. Their eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are determined with a slightly modified Numerov method. Results are compared with those assuming that the same atoms are governed by the usual $1/r$ potential even in a two-dimensional space, as well as with its three-dimensional analogs.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2019

Numerical solutions for a two dimensional quantum dot model

In this paper, a quantum dot mathematical model based on a two-dimensional Schrödinger equation assuming the 1/r inter-electronic potential is revisited. Generally, it is argued that the solutions of this model obtained by solving a biconfluent Heun equation have some limitations. The known polynomial solutions are confronted with new numerical calculations based on the Numerov method. A good qualitative agreement between them emerges. The numerical method being more general gives rise to new solutions. In particular, we are now able to calculate the quantum dot eigenfunctions for a much larger spectrum of external harmonic frequencies as compared to previous results. Also the existence of bound state for such planar system, in the case l=0, is predicted and its respective eigenvalue is determined.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2019

Two-electron quantum dot model revisited: bound states and other analytical and numerical solutions

The model of a two-electron quantum dot, confined to move in a two dimensional flat space, is revisited. Generally, it is argued that the solutions of this model obtained by solving a biconfluent Heun equation have some limitations. In particular, some corrections are also made in previous theoretical calculations. The corrected polynomial solutions are confronted with numerical calculations based on the Numerov method, in a good agreement between both. Then, new solutions considering the $1/r$ and $\ln r$ Coulombian-like potentials in (1+2)D, not yet obtained, are discussed numerically. In particular, we are able to calculate the quantum dot eigenfunctions for a much larger spectrum of external harmonic frequencies as compared to previous results. Also the existence of bound states for such planar system in the case $l=0$ is predicted and the respective eigenvalues are determined.

quant-ph↗