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Francisco Prada

Publications and source records attributed to Francisco Prada.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

On the EFT of Large Scale Structures in Redshift Space

We further develop the description of redshift space distortions within the Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structures. First, we generalize the counterterms to include the effect of baryonic physics and primordial non-Gaussianity. Second, we evaluate the IR-resummation of the dark matter power spectrum in redshift space. This requires us to identify a controlled approximation that makes the numerical evaluation straightforward and efficient. Third, we compare the predictions of the theory at one loop with the power spectrum from numerical simulations up to $\ell=6$. We find that the IR-resummation allows us to correctly reproduce the BAO peak. The $k$-reach, or equivalently the precision for a given $k$, depends on additional counterterms that need to be matched to simulations. Since the non-linear scale for the velocity is expected to be longer than the one for the overdensity, we consider a minimal and a non-minimal set of counterterms. The quality of our numerical data makes it hard to firmly establish the performance of the theory at high wavenumbers. Within this limitation, we find that the theory at redshift $z=0.56$ and up to $\ell=2$ matches the data to percent level approximately up to $k \sim 0.13 \, h { \rm Mpc^{-1}}$ or $k \sim 0.18 \, h { \rm Mpc^{-1}}$, depending on the number of counterterms used, with potentially large improvement over former analytical techniques.

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The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: theoretical systematics and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations in the galaxy correlation function

We investigate the potential sources of theoretical systematics in the anisotropic Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) distance scale measurements from the clustering of galaxies in configuration space using the final Data Release (DR12) of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). We perform a detailed study of the impact on BAO measurements from choices in the methodology such as fiducial cosmology, clustering estimators, random catalogues, fitting templates, and covariance matrices. The theoretical systematic uncertainties in BAO parameters are found to be 0.002 in the isotropic dilation $α$ and 0.003 in the quadrupolar dilation $ε$. The leading source of systematic uncertainty is related to the reconstruction techniques. Theoretical uncertainties are sub-dominant compared with the statistical uncertainties for BOSS survey, accounting $0.2σ_{stat}$ for $α$ and $0.25σ_{stat}$ for $ε$ ($σ_{α,stat} \sim$0.010 and $σ_{ε,stat}\sim$ 0.012 respectively). We also present BAO-only distance scale constraints from the anisotropic analysis of the correlation function. Our constraints on the angular diameter distance $D_A(z)$ and the Hubble parameter $H(z)$, including both statistical and theoretical systematic uncertainties, are 1.5\% and 2.8\% at $z_{\rm eff}=0.38$, 1.4\% and 2.4\% at $z_{\rm eff}=0.51$, and 1.7\% and 2.6\% at $z_{\rm eff}=0.61$. This paper is part of a set that analyzes the final galaxy clustering dataset from BOSS. The measurements and likelihoods presented here are cross-checked with other BAO analysis in \citet{Acacia16}. The systematic error budget concerning the methodology on post-reconstruction BAO analysis presented here is used in \citet{Acacia16} to produce the final cosmological constraints from BOSS.

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The mass-size relation of LRGs from BOSS and DECaLS

We use the DECaLS DR3 survey photometry matched to the SDSS-III/BOSS DR12 spectroscopic catalog to investigate the morphology and stellar mass-size relation of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) within the CMASS and LOWZ galaxy samples in the redshift range $0.2<z<0.7$. The large majority of both samples is composed of early-type galaxies with De Vaucouleurs profiles, while only less than 20% are late-type exponentials. We calibrate DECaLS effective radii using the higher resolution CFHT/MegaCam observations and optimise the correction for each morphological type. By cross-matching the photometric properties of the early-type population with the Portsmouth stellar mass catalog, we are able to explore the high-mass end of the distribution using a large sample of 313,026 galaxies over 4380 deg$^{2}$. We find a clear correlation between the sizes and the stellar masses of these galaxies, which appears flatter than previous estimates at lower masses. The sizes of these early-type galaxies do not exhibit significant evolution within the BOSS redshift range, but a slightly declining redshift trend is found when these results are combined with $z\sim0.1$ SDSS measurements at the high-mass end. The synergy between BOSS and DECaLS has important applications in other fields, including galaxy clustering and weak lensing.

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The clustering of the SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey DR14 quasar sample: measurement of the growth rate of structure from the anisotropic correlation function between redshift 0.8 and 2.2

We present the clustering measurements of quasars in configuration space based on the Data Release 14 (DR14) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. This dataset includes 148,659 quasars spread over the redshift range $0.8\leq z \leq 2.2$ and spanning 2112.9 square degrees. We use the Convolution Lagrangian Perturbation Theory (CLPT) approach with a Gaussian Streaming (GS) model for the redshift space distortions of the correlation function and demonstrate its applicability for dark matter halos hosting eBOSS quasar tracers. At the effective redshift $z_{\rm eff} = 1.52$, we measure the linear growth rate of structure $fσ_{8}(z_{\rm eff})= 0.426 \pm 0.077$, the expansion rate $H(z_{\rm eff})= 159^{+12}_{-13}(r_{s}^{\rm fid}/r_s){\rm km.s}^{-1}.{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$, and the angular diameter distance $D_{A}(z_{\rm eff})=1850^{+90}_{-115}\,(r_s/r_{s}^{\rm fid}){\rm Mpc}$, where $r_{s}$ is the sound horizon at the end of the baryon drag epoch and $r_{s}^{\rm fid}$ is its value in the fiducial cosmology. The quoted errors include both systematic and statistical contributions. The results on the evolution of distances are consistent with the predictions of flat $Λ$-Cold Dark Matter ($Λ$-CDM) cosmology with Planck parameters, and the measurement of $fσ_{8}$ extends the validity of General Relativity (GR) to higher redshifts($z>1$) This paper is released with companion papers using the same sample. The results on the cosmological parameters of the studies are found to be in very good agreement, providing clear evidence of the complementarity and of the robustness of the first full-shape clustering measurements with the eBOSS DR14 quasar sample.

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Skies And Universes: Accessing cosmological simulations and theoretical predictions

Numerical simulations play a key important role in modern cosmology. Examples are plenty including the cosmic web - large scale structure of the distribution of galaxies in space - which was first observed in N-body simulations and later discovered in observations. The cuspy dark matter halo profiles, the overabundance of satellites, the Too-Big-Too-Fail problem are other examples of theoretical predictions that have a dramatic impact on recent developments in cosmology and galaxy formation. Large observational surveys such as e.g. SDSS, Euclid, and LSST are intimately connected with extensive cosmological simulations that provide statistical errors and tests for systematics. Accurate predictions for baryonic acoustic oscillations and redshift space distortions from high-resolution and large-volume cosmological simulations are required for interpretation of these large-scale galaxy/qso surveys. However, most of the results from extensive computer simulations, that would be greatly beneficial if publicly available, are still in hands of few research groups. Even when the simulation data is available, sharing vast amounts of data can be overwhelming. We argue that there is an effective and simple path to expand the data access and dissemination of numerous results from different cosmological models. Here we demonstrate that public access can be effectively provided with relatively modest resources. Among different results, we release for the astronomical community terabytes of raw data of th popular Bolshoi and MultiDark simulations. We also provide numerous results that are focused on mimicking observational data and galaxy surveys for major projects. Skies and Universes is a community effort: data are produced and shared by many research groups. We offer to other cosmologists and astronomers to host their data products in the skiesanduniverses.org space.

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MultiDark-Galaxies: data release and first results

We present the public release of the MultiDark-Galaxies: three distinct galaxy catalogues derived from one of the Planck cosmology MultiDark simulations (i.e. MDPL2, with a volume of (1 Gpc/$h$)$^{3}$ and mass resolution of $1.5 \times 10^{9} M_{\odot}/h$) by applying the semi-analytic models GALACTICUS, SAG, and SAGE to it. We compare the three models and their conformity with observational data for a selection of fundamental properties of galaxies like stellar mass function, star formation rate, cold gas fractions, and metallicities - noting that they sometimes perform differently reflecting model designs and calibrations. We have further selected galaxy subsamples of the catalogues by number densities in stellar mass, cold gas mass, and star formation rate in order to study the clustering statistics of galaxies. We show that despite different treatment of orphan galaxies, i.e. galaxies that lost their dark-matter host halo due to the finite mass resolution of the N-body simulation or tidal stripping, the clustering signal is comparable, and reproduces the observations in all three models - in particular when selecting samples based upon stellar mass. Our catalogues provide a powerful tool to study galaxy formation within a volume comparable to those probed by on-going and future photometric and redshift surveys. All model data consisting of a range of galaxy properties - including broad-band SDSS magnitudes - are publicly available.

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The clustering of the SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey DR14 quasar sample: First measurement of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations between redshift 0.8 and 2.2

We present measurements of the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) scale in redshift-space using the clustering of quasars. We consider a sample of 147,000 quasars from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) distributed over 2044 square degrees with redshifts $0.8 < z < 2.2$ and measure their spherically-averaged clustering in both configuration and Fourier space. Our observational dataset and the 1400 simulated realizations of the dataset allow us to detect a preference for BAO that is greater than 2.8$σ$. We determine the spherically averaged BAO distance to $z = 1.52$ to 3.8 per cent precision: $D_V(z=1.52)=3843\pm147 \left(r_{\rm d}/r_{\rm d, fid}\right)\ $Mpc. This is the first time the location of the BAO feature has been measured between redshifts 1 and 2. Our result is fully consistent with the prediction obtained by extrapolating the Planck flat $Λ$CDM best-fit cosmology. All of our results are consistent with basic large-scale structure (LSS) theory, confirming quasars to be a reliable tracer of LSS, and provide a starting point for numerous cosmological tests to be performed with eBOSS quasar samples. We combine our result with previous, independent, BAO distance measurements to construct an updated BAO distance-ladder. Using these BAO data alone and marginalizing over the length of the standard ruler, we find $Ω_Λ > 0$ at 6.6$σ$ significance when testing a $Λ$CDM model with free curvature.

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Pushing down the low-mass halo concentration frontier with the Lomonosov cosmological simulations

We introduce the Lomonosov suite of high-resolution N-body cosmological simulations covering a full box of size 32 $h^{-1}$ Mpc with low-mass resolution particles ($2\times10^7$ $h^{-1}\,M_\odot$) and three zoom-in simulations of overdense, underdense and mean density regions at much higher particle resolution ($4\times10^4$ $h^{-1}\,M_\odot$). The main purpose of this simulation suite is to extend the concentration-mass relation of dark matter halos down to masses below those typically available in large cosmological simulations. The three different density regions available at higher resolution provide a better understanding of the effect of the local environment on halo concentration, known to be potentially important for small simulation boxes and small halo masses. Yet, we find the correction to be small in comparison with the scatter of halo concentrations. We conclude that zoom simulations, despite their limited representativity of the volume of the Universe, can be effectively used for the measurement of halo concentrations at least at the halo masses probed by our simulations. In any case, after a precise characterization of this effect, we develop a robust technique to extrapolate the concentration values found in zoom simulations to larger volumes with greater accuracy. All together, Lomonosov provides a measure of the concentration-mass relation in the halo mass range $10^7-10^{10}$ $h^{-1}\,M_\odot$ with superb halo statistics. This work represents a first important step to measure halo concentrations at intermediate, yet vastly unexplored halo mass scales, down to the smallest ones. All Lomonosov data and files are public for community's use.

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The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: single-probe measurements and the strong power of normalized growth rate on constraining dark energy

We present measurements of the anisotropic galaxy clustering from the Data Release 9 (DR9) CMASS sample of the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). We analyze the broad-range shape of the monopole and quadrupole correlation functions to obtain constraints, at the effective redshift $z=0.57$ of the sample, on the Hubble expansion rate $H(z)$, the angular-diameter distance $D_A(z)$, the normalized growth rate $f(z)σ_8(z)$, the physical matter density $Ω_m h^2$, and the biased amplitude of matter fluctuation bσ_8(z). We obtain {$H(0.57)$, $D_A(0.57)$, $f(0.57)σ_8(0.57)$, $Ω_m h^2$, $bσ_8(0.57)$} = {$87.6_{-6.8}^{+6.7}$, $1396\pm73$, $0.126_{-0.010}^{+0.008}$, $1.19\pm0.14$, $0.428\pm0.066$} and their covariance matrix as well. The parameters which are not well constrained by our of galaxy clustering analysis are marginalized over with wide flat priors. Since no priors from other data sets (i.e., CMB) are adopted and no dark energy models are assumed, our results from BOSS CMASS galaxy clustering alone may be combined with other data sets, i.e. CMB, SNe, lensing or other galaxy clustering data to constrain the parameters of a given cosmological model. We show that the major power on constraining dark energy from the anisotropic galaxy clustering signal, as compared to the angular-averaged one (monopole), arises from including the normalized growth rate $f(z)σ_8(z)$. In the case of the wCDM cosmological model our single-probe CMASS constraints, combined with CMB (WMAP9+SPT), yield a value for the dark energy equation of state parameter of $w=-0.90\pm0.11$. Therefore, it is important to include $f(z)σ_8(z)$ while investigating the nature of dark energy with current and upcoming large-scale galaxy surveys.

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EZmocks: extending the Zel'dovich approximation to generate mock galaxy catalogues with accurate clustering statistics

We present a new methodology to generate mock halo or galaxy catalogues, which have accurate clustering properties, nearly indistinguishable from full $N$-body solutions, in terms of the one-point, two-point, and three-point statistics. In particular, the agreement is remarkable, within $1\%$ up to $k=0.55$ $h$Mpc$^{-1}$ and down to $r=10$ $h^{-1}$Mpc, for the power spectrum and two-point correlation function respectively, while the bispectrum agrees in general within $20\%$ for different scales and shapes. Our approach is based on the Zel'dovich approximation, however, effectively including with the simple prescriptions the missing physical ingredients, and stochastic scale-dependent, non-local and nonlinear biasing contributions. The computing time and memory required to produce one mock is similar to that using the log-normal model. With high accuracy and efficiency, the effective Zel'dovich approximation mocks (EZmocks) provide a reliable and practical method to produce massive mock galaxy catalogues for the analysis of large-scale structure measurements.

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Galaxy clustering dependence on the $\left[\mathrm{O\scriptsize{II}}\right]$ emission line luminosity in the local Universe

We study the galaxy clustering dependence on the $\left[\mathrm{O\scriptsize{II}}\right]$ emission line luminosity in the SDSS DR7 Main galaxy sample at mean redshift $z\sim0.1$. We select volume-limited samples of galaxies with different $\left[\mathrm{O\scriptsize{II}}\right]$ luminosity thresholds and measure their projected, monopole and quadrupole two-point correlation functions. We model these observations using the 1$h^{-1}\rm{Gpc}$ MultiDark Planck cosmological simulation and generate light-cones with the SUrvey GenerAtoR algorithm. To interpret our results, we adopt a modified (Sub)Halo Abundance Matching scheme, accounting for the stellar mass incompleteness of the emission line galaxies. The satellite fraction constitutes an extra parameter in this model and allows to optimize the clustering fit on both small and intermediate scales (i.e. $r_p\lesssim 30h^{-1}\rm{Mpc})$, with no need of any velocity bias correction. We find that, in the local Universe, the $\left[\mathrm{O\scriptsize{II}}\right]$ luminosity correlates with all the clustering statistics explored and with the galaxy bias. This latter quantity correlates more strongly with the SDSS $r$-band magnitude than $\left[\mathrm{O\scriptsize{II}}\right]$ luminosity. In conclusion, we propose a straightforward method to produce reliable clustering models, entirely built on the simulation products, which provides robust predictions of the typical ELG host halo masses and satellite fraction values. The SDSS galaxy data, MultiDark mock catalogues and clustering results are made publicly available.

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Redshift remapping and cosmic acceleration in dark-matter-dominated cosmological models

The standard relation between the cosmological redshift and cosmic scale factor underlies cosmological inference from virtually all kinds of cosmological observations, leading to the emergence of the LambdaCDM cosmological model. This relation is not a fundamental theory and thus observational determination of this function (redshift remapping) should be regarded as an insightful alternative to holding its standard form in analyses of cosmological data. Here we present non-parametric reconstructions of redshift remapping in dark-matter-dominated models and constraints on cosmological parameters from a joint analysis of all primary cosmological probes including the local measurement of the Hubble constant, Type Ia supernovae, baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO), Planck observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation (temperature power spectrum) and cosmic chronometers. The reconstructed redshift remapping points to an additional boost of redshift operating in late epoch of cosmic evolution, but affecting both low-redshift observations and the CMB. The model predicts a significant difference between the actual Hubble constant, h=0.48+/-0.02, and its local determination, h_obs=0.73+/-0.02. The ratio of these two values coincides closely with the maximum expansion rate inside voids formed in the corresponding open cosmological model with Omega_m=0.87+/-0.03, whereas the actual value of the Hubble constant implies the age of the Universe that is compatible with the Planck LambdaCDM cosmology. The new dark-matter-dominated model with redshift remapping provides excellent fits to all data and eliminates recently reported tensions between the Planck LambdaCDM cosmology, the local determination of the Hubble constant and the BAO measurements from the Ly-alpha forest of high-redshift quasars.

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Density distribution of the cosmological matter field

The one-point probability distribution function (PDF) of the matter density field in the universe is a fundamental property that plays an essential role in cosmology for estimates such as gravitational weak lensing, non-linear clustering, massive production of mock galaxy catalogs, and testing predictions of cosmological models. Here we make a comprehensive analysis of the dark matter PDF using a suite of 7000 N-body simulations that covers a wide range of numerical and cosmological parameters. We find that the PDF has a simple shape: it declines with density as a power-law P~rho**(-2), which is exponentially suppressed on both small and large densities. The proposed double-exponential approximation provides an accurate fit to all our N-body results for small filtering scales R< 5Mpc/h with rms density fluctuations sigma>1. In combination with the spherical infall model that works well for small fluctuations sigma<1, the PDF is now approximated with just few percent errors over the range of twelve orders of magnitude -- a remarkable example of precision cosmology. We find that at 5-10% level the PDF explicitly depends on redshift (at fixed sigma) and on cosmological density parameter Omega_m. We test different existing analytical approximations and find that the often used log-normal approximation is always 3-5 times less accurate than either the double-exponential approximation or the spherical infall model.

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Accurate mass and velocity functions of dark matter halos

$N$-body cosmological simulations are an essential tool to understand the observed distribution of galaxies. We use the MultiDark simulation suite, run with the Planck cosmological parameters, to revisit the mass and velocity functions. At redshift $z=0$, the simulations cover four orders of magnitude in halo mass from $\sim10^{11}M_\odot$ with 8,783,874 distinct halos and 532,533 subhalos. The total volume used is $\sim$515 Gpc$^3$, more than 8 times larger than in previous studies. We measure and model the halo mass function, its covariance matrix w.r.t halo mass and the large scale halo bias. With the formalism of the excursion-set mass function, we explicit the tight interconnection between the covariance matrix, bias and halo mass function. We obtain a very accurate ($<2\%$ level) model of the distinct halo mass function. We also model the subhalo mass function and its relation to the distinct halo mass function. The set of models obtained provides a complete and precise framework for the description of halos in the concordance Planck cosmology. Finally, we provide precise analytical fits of the $V_{max}$ maximum velocity function up to redshift $z<2.3$ to push for the development of halo occupation distribution using $V_{max}$. The data and the analysis code are made publicly available in the \textit{Skies and Universes} database.

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Clustering of quasars in SDSS-IV eBOSS : study of potential systematics and bias determination

We study the first year of the eBOSS quasar sample in the redshift range $0.9<z<2.2$ which includes 68,772 homogeneously selected quasars. We show that the main source of systematics in the evaluation of the correlation function arises from inhomogeneities in the quasar target selection, particularly related to the extinction and depth of the imaging data used for targeting. We propose a weighting scheme that mitigates these systematics. We measure the quasar correlation function and provide the most accurate measurement to date of the quasar bias in this redshift range, $b_Q = 2.45 \pm 0.05$ at $\bar z=1.55$, together with its evolution with redshift. We use this information to determine the minimum mass of the halo hosting the quasars and the characteristic halo mass, which we find to be both independent of redshift within statistical error. Using a recently-measured quasar-luminosity-function we also determine the quasar duty cycle. The size of this first year sample is insufficient to detect any luminosity dependence to quasar clustering and this issue should be further studied with the final $\sim$500,000 eBOSS quasar sample.

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Observational evidence of galaxy assembly bias

We analyze the spectra of 300,000 luminous red galaxies (LRGs) with stellar masses $M_* \gtrsim 10^{11} M_{\odot}$ from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). By studying their star-formation histories, we find two main evolutionary paths converging into the same quiescent galaxy population at $z\sim0.55$. Fast-growing LRGs assemble $80\%$ of their stellar mass very early on ($z\sim5$), whereas slow-growing LRGs reach the same evolutionary state at $z\sim1.5$. Further investigation reveals that their clustering properties on scales of $\sim$1-30 Mpc are, at a high level of significance, also different. Fast-growing LRGs are found to be more strongly clustered and reside in overall denser large-scale structure environments than slow-growing systems, for a given stellar-mass threshold. Our results imply a dependence of clustering on stellar-mass assembly history (naturally connected to the mass-formation history of the corresponding halos) for a homogeneous population of similar mass and color, which constitutes a strong observational evidence of galaxy assembly bias.

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The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Angular clustering tomography and its cosmological implications

We investigate the cosmological implications of studying galaxy clustering using a tomographic approach applied to the final BOSS DR12 galaxy sample, including both auto- and cross-correlation functions between redshift shells. We model the signal of the full shape of the angular correlation function, $ω(θ)$, in redshift bins using state-of-the-art modelling of non-linearities, bias and redshift-space distortions. We present results on the redshift evolution of the linear bias of BOSS galaxies, which cannot be obtained with traditional methods for galaxy-clustering analysis. We also obtain constraints on cosmological parameters, combining this tomographic analysis with measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and type Ia supernova (SNIa). We explore a number of cosmological models, including the standard $Λ$CDM model and its most interesting extensions, such as deviations from $w_\rm{DE} = -1$, non-minimal neutrino masses, spatial curvature and deviations from general relativity using the growth-index $γ$ parametrisation. These results are, in general, comparable to the most precise present-day constraints on cosmological parameters, and show very good agreement with the standard model. In particular, combining CMB, $ω(θ)$ and SNIa, we find a value of $w_\rm{DE}$ consistent with $-1$ to a precision better than 5\% when it is assumed to be constant in time, and better than 6\% when we also allow for a spatially-curved Universe.

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The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: tomographic BAO analysis of DR12 combined sample in configuration space

We perform a tomographic baryon acoustic oscillations analysis using the two-point galaxy correlation function measured from the combined sample of BOSS DR12, which covers the redshift range of $0.2<z<0.75$. Splitting the sample into multiple overlapping redshift slices to extract the redshift information of galaxy clustering, we obtain a measurement of $D_A(z)/r_d$ and $H(z)r_d$ at nine effective redshifts with the full covariance matrix calibrated using MultiDark-Patchy mock catalogues. Using the reconstructed galaxy catalogues, we obtain the precision of $1.3\%-2.2\%$ for $D_A(z)/r_d$ and $2.1\%-6.0\%$ for $H(z)r_d$. To quantify the gain from the tomographic information, we compare the constraints on the cosmological parameters using our 9-bin BAO measurements, the consensus 3-bin BAO and RSD measurements at three effective redshifts in \citet{Alam2016}, and the non-tomographic (1-bin) BAO measurement at a single effective redshift. Comparing the 9-bin with 1-bin constraint result, it can improve the dark energy Figure of Merit by a factor of 1.24 for the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder parametrisation for equation of state parameter $w_{\rm DE}$. The errors of $w_0$ and $w_a$ from 9-bin constraints are slightly improved when compared to the 3-bin constraint result.

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