A Unified Theoretical Framework for Photoemission and Its Inverse: Reciprocity, Spin, and Photon Polarization
We present a unified theoretical framework for spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (SARPES) and its inverse process (SARIPES), treating both on an equal footing. The formulation is based on a response tensor that encodes the reciprocity between the two processes. We show that polarization tomography within SARPES calculations provides a systematic route for reconstructing the tensor elements. The number of independent components is significantly reduced by symmetry constraints, which in turn allows for explicit expressions describing spin-reversal processes and intensity modulations. The formalism is illustrated for the W(110) surface. The resulting framework provides a symmetry-adapted description of spin-dependent optical transitions at surfaces and enables the direct prediction of SARIPES intensities from SARPES calculations.