arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Frederico Xavier.
Let $\Omega$ be an irreducible component of the locus of polynomial maps $ F:\mathbb C^n \to \mathbb C^n$ satisfying $\text{\rm deg} F\leq k$ and $\text{det}DF=1$. It is shown that either $\Omega \subset \text{\rm Aut} (\mathbb C^n)$, as claimed by the Jacobian Conjecture, or the {\em general} $F\in \Omega$ is not an automorphism.
A special case of the main result states that a complete $1$-connected Riemannian manifold $(M^n,g)$ is isometric to one of the models $\mathbb R^n$, $S^n(c)$, $\mathbb H^n(-c)$ of constant curvature if and only if every $p\in M^n$ is a non-degenerate maximum of a germ of smooth functions whose Riemannian gradient is a conformal vector field.
It is shown that in dimension at least three a local diffeomorphism of Euclidean n-space into itself is injective provided that the pull-back of every plane is a Riemannian submanifold which is conformal to a plane. Using a similar technique one recovers the result that a polynomial local biholomorphism of complex $n$-space into itself is invertible if and only if the pull-back of every complex line is a connected rational curve. These results are special cases of our main theorem, whose proof uses geometry, complex analysis, elliptic partial differential equations, and topology.
The group $\text{Aut}_{\text{hol}}(\mathbb C^n)$ of self-biholomorphisms of $\mathbb C^n$ consists of affine maps if $n=1$, but in higher dimensions it is a large object that has not been described explicitly. Despite the intricacies involved when $n>1$, surprisingly every $F\in \text{Aut}_{\text{hol}}(\mathbb C^n)$ is uniquely determined inside the group by only two data, of infinitesimal and global nature: the $1$-jet of $F$ at $0$, and the complex Hessian of a certain plurisubharmonic function associated to $F$. If $n=1$ this global datum is zero for all $F$, which is then determined solely by its $1$-jet at $0$, and one recovers $\text{Aut}_{\text{hol}}(\mathbb C)= \text{Aff}(\mathbb C)\cong \mathbb C \times \mathbb C^{*}$. Our main result, formulated as the existence of a canonical embedding of $ \text{Aut}_{\text{hol}} ( \mathbb C^n)$, also singles out a natural candidate for moduli space of $ \text{Aut}_{\text{hol}} ( \mathbb C^n)$, for all $n>1$.
Although the Nash theorem solves the isometric embedding problem, matters are inherently more involved if one is further seeking an embedding that is well-behaved from the standpoint of submanifold geometry. More generally, consider a Lipschitz map $F:M^m\to\mathbb R^n$, where $M^m$ is a Hadamard manifold whose curvature lies between negative constants. The main result of this paper is that $F$ must perform a substantial compression: For every $r>0$ and integer $k\geq 2$ there exist $k$ geodesic balls of radius $r$ in $M^m$ that are arbitrarily far from each other, but whose images under $F$ are bunched together arbitrarily close in the Hausdorff sense of $\mathbb R^n$. In particular, every isometric embedding $\mathbb H^m\to\mathbb R^n$ of hyperbolic space must have a complex asymptotic behavior, regardless of how high the codimension is. Hence, there is no truly simple way to realize $\mathbb H^m$ isometrically inside any Euclidean space.
Let $X$ be a Stein manifold of complex dimension at least two, $F : X \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^n$ a local biholomorphism, and $q \in F(X)$. In this paper we formulate sufficient conditions involving only objects naturally associated to $q$, in order for the fiber over $q$ to be finite. Assume that $F^{-1}(l)$ is 1-connected for the generic complex line $l$ containing $q$, and $F^{-1}(l)$ has finitely many components whenever $l$ is an exceptional line through $q$. Using arguments from topology and differential geometry, we establish a sharp estimate on the size of $F^{-1}(q)$. It follows that for $n \geq 2$, a local biholomorphism of $X$ onto $\mathbb{C}^n$ is invertible if and only if the pull-back of every complex line is 1-connected.
The Ekeland variational principle implies what can be regarded as a strong version, in the $C^1$ category, of the Yau minimum principle: under the appropriate hypotheses {\it every} minimizing sequence admits a {\it good shadow}, a second minimizing sequence that has good properties and is asymptotic to the original one. Using arguments from dynamical systems, we give another proof of this result and also establish, with the aid of Gromov's theorem on monotonicity of volume ratios, a special case of a conjecture claiming the existence of good shadows in the original $C^2$ setting of the Yau minimum principle. The interest in having an abundance of good shadows stems from the fact that this is a desirable property if one wants to refine the applications of the asymptotic minimum principle, as it allows for information to be localized at infinity. These ideas are applied in this paper to the study of the convex hulls of complete submanifolds of Euclidean $n$-space that have controlled Grassmanian-valued Gauss maps.
The Bieberbach estimate, a pivotal result in the classical theory of univalent functions, states that any injective holomorphic function $f$ on the open unit disc $D$ satisfies $|f"(0)|\leq 4 |f'(0)|$. We generalize the Bieberbach estimate by proving a version of the inequality that applies to all injective smooth conformal immersions $f : D\to \Bbb R^n, n\geq 2$. The new estimate involves two correction terms. The first one is geometric, coming from the second fundamental form of the image surface $f(D)$. The second term is of a dynamical nature, and involves certain Riemannian quantities associated to conformal attractors. Our results are partly motivated by a conjecture in the theory of embedded minimal surfaces.
We use a counting argument and surgery theory to show that if $D$ is a sufficiently general algebraic hypersurface in $\Bbb C^n$, then any local diffeomorphism $F:X \to \Bbb C^n$ of simply connected manifolds which is a $d$-sheeted cover away from $D$ has degree $d=1$ or $d=\infty$ (however all degrees $d > 1$ are possible if $F$ fails to be a local diffeomorphism at even a single point). In particular, any étale morphism $F:X \to \Bbb C^n$ of algebraic varieties which covers away from such a hypersurface $D$ must be birational.
We give sharp conditions on a local biholomorphism $F:X \to \mathbb C^{n}$ which ensure global injectivity. For $n \geq 2$, such a map is injective if for each complex line $l \subset \mathbb C^{n}$, the pre-image $F^{-1}(l)$ embeds holomorphically as a connected domain into $\mathbb C \mathbb P^{1}$, the embedding being unique up to Möbius transformation. In particular, $F$ is injective if the pre-image of every complex line is connected and conformal to $\mathbb C$. The proof uses the topological fact that the natural map $\mathbb R \mathbb P^{2n-1} \to \mathbb C \mathbb P^{n-1}$ associated to the Hopf map admits no continuous sections and the classical Bieberbach-Gronwall estimates from complex analysis.