arXiv subjects

Fu-Gang Yin

Publications and source records attributed to Fu-Gang Yin.

16 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Exceptional groups and the s-arc-transitivity of vertex-primitive digraphs, II

In this paper, we study the primitive actions of almost simple groups with socle $E_7(q)$ or $E_8(q)$ on an $s$-arc-transitive digraph. Our motivation goes back to the question of whether $s$ is bounded above for finite connected $G$-vertex-primitive $s$-arc-transitive digraphs that are not directed cycles. The question has been reduced by Giudici and Xia to the case where $G$ is almost simple. This work succeeds our 2025 paper (Yin and Chen), which addressed ${}^3\!D_4(q)$, $G_2(q)$, ${}^2\!F_4(q)'$, $F_4(q)$, $E_6(q)$, and ${}^2\!E_6(q)$. Together with Chen, Giudici, and Praeger's work on ${}^2\!B_2(q)$ and ${}^2\!G_2(q)$, it answers the question for all exceptional groups.

math.GR↗

arXiv2026

The finite $k$-set homogeneous graphs

A classification is given of finite $k$-set-homogeneous graphs for $k\geqslant 2$, leading to a striking result that each finite $k$-set-homogeneous graph is $k$-homogeneous. It shows that $3$-set-homogeneous graphs are rare, consisting of the following graphs and their complements: $\C_5$, $\K_n\square\K_n$, $n\K_m$, the Schl\"{a}fli graph of order 27, the Higman-Sims graph, the MaLaughlin graph, {affine polar graphs, and elliptic orthogonal graphs}. As an ingredient for the proof, it is shown that all orbitals in a primitive permutation group of rank $4$ are self-paired, except for $\PSU_3(3)$ acting on 36 points.

math.GR↗

arXiv2025

Large maximal subgroups of almost simple classical groups

A proper subgroup $H$ of a finite group $G$ is called large if $|H|^3 \ge |G|$. This paper characterises all the large maximal subgroups of almost simple groups whose socle is a finite simple classical group. For such a socle $G_0$ and a core-free subgroup $H_0$, define $\mathcal{Q}(G_0,H_0)$ as the set of almost simple groups $G$ with socle $G_0$ that have a large maximal subgroup $H$ satisfying $H_0 = H \cap G_0$. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions on the pair $(G_0,H_0)$ for the set $\mathcal{Q}(G_0,H_0)$ to be nonempty.

math.GR↗

arXiv2025

On kernel isomorphisms of $m$-Cayley digraphs and finite $2$PCI-groups

The isomorphism problem for digraphs is a fundamental problem in graph theory. In this paper, we consider this problem for $m$-Cayley digraphs which are generalization of Cayley digraphs. Let $m$ be a positive integer. A digraph admitting a group $G$ of automorphisms acting semiregularly on the vertices with exactly $m$ orbits is called an $m$-Cayley digraph of $G$. In our previous paper, we developed a theory for $m$-Cayley isomorphisms of $m$-Cayley digraphs, and classified finite $m$CI-groups for each $m\geq 2$, and finite $m$PCI-groups for each $m\geq 4$. The next natural step is to classify finite $m$PCI-groups for $m=2$ or $3$. Note that BCI-groups form an important subclass of the $2$PCI-groups, which were introduced in 2008 by Xu et al. Despite much effort having been made on the study of BCI-groups, the problem of classifying finite BCI-groups is still widely open. In this paper, we prove that every finite $2$PCI-group is solvable, and its Sylow $3$-subgroup is isomorphic to $Z_3, Z_3\times Z_3$ or $Z_9$, and Sylow $p$-subgroup with $p\not=3$ is either elementary abelian, or isomorphic to $Z_4$ or $Q_8$. We also introduce the kernel isomorphisms of $m$-Cayley digraphs, and establish some useful theory for studying this kind of isomorphisms. Using the results of kernel isomorphisms of $m$-Cayley digraphs together with the results on $2$PCI-groups, we give a proper description of finite BCI-groups, and in particular, we obtain a complete classification of finite non-abelian BCI-groups.

math.CO↗

arXiv2025

Normal and non-normal Cayley digraphs on cyclic and dihedral groups

A Cayley digraph on a group $G$ is called NNN if the Cayley digraph is normal and its automorphism group contains a non-normal regular subgroup isomorphic to $G$. A group is called NNND-group or NNN-group if there is an NNN Cayley digraph or graph on the group, respectively. In this paper, it is shown that there is no cyclic NNND-group, and hence no cyclic NNN-group. Furthermore, a dihedral group of order $2n$ is an NNND-group or an NNN-group if and only if $n\ge 6$ is even and $n\not=8$.

math.GR↗

arXiv2025

Exceptional groups and the $s$-arc-transitivity of vertex-primitive digraphs, I

In this paper, we study the primitive actions of almost simple exceptional groups of Lie type on $s$-arc-transitive digraphs. Our motivation is the following question posed by Giudici and Xia: Is there an upper bound on $s$ for finite vertex-primitive $s$-arc-transitive digraphs that are not directed cycles? In a 2018 paper, Giudici and Xia reduced this question to the case where the automorphism group of the digraph is an almost simple group with socle $L$. Subsequently, it has been proved that $s\leq 2$ when $L$ is a linear, symplectic or alternating group, and $s\leq 1$ when $L$ is a Suzuki group, a small Ree group, or one of $22$ specific sporadic groups. In this paper, we prove that $s\leq 2$ when $L$ is $ {}^3D_4(q)$, $G_2(q)$ (including $G_2(2)'$), ${}^2F_4(q)$ (including ${}^2F_4(2)'$), $F_4(q)$, $E_6(q)$ or ${}^2E_6(q)$.

math.GR↗

arXiv2024

Symmetric Cayley graphs on non-abelian simple groups of valency 7

Let $\Gamma$ be a connected $7$-valent symmetric Cayley graph on a finite non-abelian simple group $G$. If $\Gamma$ is not normal, Li {\em et al.} [On 7-valent symmetric Cayley graphs of finite simple groups, J. Algebraic Combin. 56 (2022) 1097-1118] characterised the group pairs $(\mathrm{soc}(\mathrm{Aut}(\Gamma)/K),GK/K)$, where $K$ is a maximal intransitive normal subgroup of $\mathrm{Aut}(\Gamma)$. In this paper, we improve this result by proving that if $\Gamma$ is not normal, then $\mathrm{Aut}(\Gamma)$ contains an arc-transitive non-abelian simple normal subgroup $T$ such that $G<T$ and $(T,G)=(\mathrm{A}_{n},\mathrm{A}_{n-1})$ with $n=7$, $3\cdot 7$, $3^2\cdot 7$, $2^2\cdot 3\cdot 7$, $2^3\cdot3\cdot7$, $2^3\cdot3^2\cdot5\cdot7$, $2^4\cdot3^2\cdot5\cdot7$, $2^6\cdot3\cdot7$, $2^7\cdot3\cdot7$, $2^6\cdot3^2\cdot7$, $2^6\cdot3^4\cdot5^2\cdot7$, $2^8\cdot3^4\cdot5^2\cdot7$, $2^7\cdot3^4\cdot5^2\cdot7$, $2^{10}\cdot3^2\cdot7$, $2^{24}\cdot3^2\cdot7$. Furthermore, $\mathrm{soc}(\mathrm{Aut}(\Gamma)/R)=(T\times R)/R$, where $R$ is the largest solvable normal subgroup of $\mathrm{Aut}(\Gamma)$.

math.GR↗

arXiv2024

On isomorphisms of $m$-Cayley digraphs

The isomorphism problem for digraphs is a fundamental problem in graph theory. This problem for Cayley digraphs has been extensively investigated over the last half a century. In this paper, we consider this problem for $m$-Cayley digraphs which are generalization of Cayley digraphs. Let $m$ be a positive integer. A digraph admitting a group $G$ of automorphisms acting semiregularly on the vertices with exactly $m$ orbits is called an $m$-Cayley digraph of $G$. In particular, $1$-Cayley digraph is just the Cayley digraph. We first characterize the normalizer of $G$ in the full automorphism group of an $m$-Cayley digraph of a finite group $G$. This generalizes a similar result for Cayley digraph achieved by Godsil in 1981. Then we use this to study the isomorphisms of $m$-Cayley digraphs. The CI-property of a Cayley digraph (CI stands for `Cayley isomorphism') and the DCI-groups (whose Cayley digraphs are all CI-digraphs) are two key topics in the study of isomorphisms of Cayley digraphs. We generalize these concepts into $m$-Cayley digraphs by defining $m$CI- and $m$PCI-digraphs, and correspondingly, $m$DCI- and $m$PDCI-groups. Analogues to Babai's criterion for CI-digraphs are given for $m$CI- and $m$PCI-digraphs, respectively. With these we then classify finite $m$DCI-groups for each $m\geq 2$, and finite $m$PDCI-groups for each $m\geq 4$. Similar results are also obtained for $m$-Cayley graphs. Note that 1DCI-groups are just DCI-groups, and the classification of finite DCI-groups is a long-standing open problem that has been worked on a lot.

math.CO↗

arXiv2024

The classification of two-distance transitive dihedrants

A vertex transitive graph $Γ$ is said to be $2$-distance transitive if for each vertex $u$, the group of automorphisms of $Γ$ fixing the vertex $u$ acts transitively on the set of vertices at distance $1$ and $2$ from $u$, while $Γ$ is said to be $2$-arc transitive if its automorphism group is transitive on the set of $2$-arcs. Then $2$-arc transitive graphs are $2$-distance transitive. The classification of $2$-arc transitive Cayley graphs on dihedral groups was given by Du, Malnič and Marušič in [Classification of 2-arc-transitive dihedrants, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 98 (2008), 1349--1372]. In this paper, it is shown that a connected 2-distance transitive Cayley graph on the dihedral group of order $2n$ is either $2$-arc transitive, or isomorphic to the complete multipartite graph $K_{m[b]}$ for some $m\geq3$ and $b\geq2$ with $mb=2n$.

math.CO↗

arXiv2023

Quasiprimitive groups with a biregular dihedral subgroup,and arc-transitive bidihedrants

A semiregular permutation group on a set $\Ome$ is called {\em bi-regular} if it has two orbits. A classification is given of quasiprimitive permutation groups with a biregular dihedral subgroup. This is then used to characterize the family of arc-transitive graphs whose automorphism groups containing a bi-regular dihedral subgroup. We first show that every such graph is a normal $r$-cover of an arc-transitive graph whose automorphism group is either quasiprimitive or bi-quasiprimitive on its vertices, and then classify all such quasiprimitive or bi-quasiprimitive arc-transitive graphs.

math.GR↗

arXiv2023

Block-transitive $3$-$(v,k,1)$ designs on exceptional groups of Lie type

Let $\mathcal{D}$ be a non-trivial $G$-block-transitive $3$-$(v,k,1)$ design, where $T\leq G \leq \mathrm{Aut}(T)$ for some finite non-abelian simple group $T$. It is proved that if $T$ is a simple exceptional group of Lie type, then $T$ is either the Suzuki group ${}^2B_2(q)$ or $G_2(q)$. Furthermore, if $T={}^2B_2(q)$ then the design $\mathcal{D}$ has parameters $v=q^2+1$ and $k=q+1$, and so $\mathcal{D}$ is an inverse plane of order $q$; and if $T=G_2(q)$ then the point stabilizer in $T$ is either $\mathrm{SL}_3(q).2$ or $\mathrm{SU}_3(q).2$, and the parameter $k$ satisfies very restricted conditions.

math.CO↗

arXiv2023

Block-transitive $3$-$(v,k,1)$ designs associated with alternating groups

Let $\mathcal{D}$ be a nontrivial $3$-$(v,k,1)$ design admitting a block-transitive group $G$ of automorphisms. A recent work of Gan and the second author asserts that $G$ is either affine or almost simple. In this paper, it is proved that if $G$ is almost simple with socle an alternating group, then $\mathcal{D}$ is the unique $3$-$(10,4,1)$ design, and $G=\mathrm{PGL}(2,9)$, $\mathrm{M}_{10}$ or $\mathrm{Aut}(\mathrm{A}_6 )=\mathrm{S}_6:\mathrm{Z}_2$, and $G$ is flag-transitive.

math.GR↗

arXiv2023

The smallest vertex-primitive $2$-arc-transitive digraph

In 2017, Giudici, Li and the third author constructed the first known family of vertex-primitive $2$-arc-transitive digraphs of valency at least $2$. The smallest digraph in this family admits $\mathrm{PSL}_3(49)$ acting $2$-arc-transitively with vertex-stabilizer $\mathrm{A}_6$ and hence has $30758154560$ vertices. In this paper, we prove that this digraph is the vertex-primitive $2$-arc-transitive digraph of valency at least $2$ with fewest vertices.

math.CO↗

arXiv2022

Two-geodesic transitive graphs of order $p^n$ with $n\leq3$

A vertex triple $(u,v,w)$ of a graph is called a $2$-geodesic if $v$ is adjacent to both $u$ and $w$ and $u$ is not adjacent to $w$. A graph is said to be $2$-geodesic transitive if its automorphism group is transitive on the set of $2$-geodesics. In this paper, a complete classification of $2$-geodesic transitive graphs of order $p^n$ is given for each prime $p$ and $n\leq 3$. It turns out that all such graphs consist of three small graphs: the complete bipartite graph $K_{4,4}$ of order $8$, the Schläfli graph of order $27$ and its complement, and fourteen infinite families: the cycles $C_p, C_{p^2}$ and $C_{p^3}$, the complete graphs $K_p, K_{p^2}$ and $K_{p^3}$, the complete multipartite graphs $K_{p[p]}$, $K_{p[p^2]}$ and $K_{p^2[p]}$, the Hamming graph $H(2,p)$ and its complement, the Hamming graph $H(3,p)$, and two infinite families of normal Cayley graphs on extraspecial group of order $p^3$ and exponent $p$.

math.CO↗

arXiv2021

Prime-valent Symmetric graphs with a quasi-semiregular automorphism

An automorphism of a graph is called quasi-semiregular if it fixes a unique vertex of the graph and its remaining cycles have the same length. This kind of symmetry of graphs was first investigated by Kutnar, Malnič, Martínez and Marušič in 2013, as a generalization of the well-known semiregular automorphism of a graph. Symmetric graphs of valency three or four, admitting a quasi-semiregular automorphism, have been classified in recent two papers. Let $p\geq 5$ be a prime and $Γ$ a connected symmetric graph of valency $p$ admitting a quasi-semiregular automorphism. In this paper, we first prove that either $Γ$ is a connected Cayley graph $\rm{Cay}(M,S)$ such that $M$ is a $2$-group admitting a fixed-point-free automorphism of order $p$ with $S$ as an orbit of involutions, or $Γ$ is a normal $N$-cover of a $T$-arc-transitive graph of valency $p$ admitting a quasi-semiregular automorphism, where $T$ is a non-abelian simple group and $N$ is a nilpotent group. Then in case $p=5$, we give a complete classification of such graphs $Γ$ such that either $\rm{Aut}(Γ)$ has a solvable arc-transitive subgroup or $Γ$ is $T$-arc-transitive with $T$ a non-abelian simple group. We also construct the first infinite family of symmetric graphs that have a quasi-semiregular automorphism and an insolvable full automorphism group.

math.CO↗

arXiv2020

Arc-transitive Cayley graphs on nonabelian simple groups with prime valency

In 2011, Fang et al. in (J. Combin. Theory A 118 (2011) 1039-1051) posed the following problem: Classify non-normal locally primitive Cayley graphs of finite simple groups of valency $d$, where either $d\leq 20$ or $d$ is a prime number. The only case for which the complete solution of this problem is known is of $d=3$. Except this, a lot of efforts have been made to attack this problem by considering the following problem: Characterize finite nonabelian simple groups which admit non-normal locally primitive Cayley graphs of certain valency $d\geq4$. Even for this problem, it was only solved for the cases when either $d\leq 5$ or $d=7$ and the vertex stabilizer is solvable. In this paper, we make crucial progress towards the above problems by completely solving the second problem for the case when $d\geq 11$ is a prime and the vertex stabilizer is solvable.

math.CO↗