arXiv subjects

Furqan Jameel

Publications and source records attributed to Furqan Jameel.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2021

Joint Optimization for Secure Ambient Backscatter Communication in NOMA-enabled IoT Networks

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has emerged as a novel air interface technology for massive connectivity in sixth-generation (6G) era. The recent integration of NOMA in backscatter communication (BC) has triggered significant research interest due to its applications in low-powered Internet of Things (IoT) networks. However, the link security aspect of these networks has not been well investigated. This article provides a new optimization framework for improving the physical layer security of the NOMA ambient BC system. Our system model takes into account the simultaneous operation of NOMA IoT users and the backscatter node (BN) in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers (EDs). The EDs in the surrounding area can overhear the communication of base station (BS) and BN due to the wireless broadcast transmission. Thus, the main objective is to enhance the link security by optimizing the BN reflection coefficient and BS transmit power. To gauge the performance of the proposed scheme, we also present the suboptimal NOMA and conventional orthogonal multiple access as benchmark schemes. Monte Carlo simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the NOMA BC scheme over the pure NOMA scheme without BC and conventional orthogonal multiple access scheme in terms of system secrecy rate.

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arXiv2021

Software startup education: gamifying growth hacking

Startups seek to create highly scalable business models. For startups, growth is thus vital. Growth hacking is a marketing strategy advocated by various startup practitioner experts. It focuses on using low cost practices while utilizing existing platforms in creative ways to gain more users for the service. Though topics related to growth hacking such as marketing on a general level have been extensively studied in the past, growth hacking as a practitioner-born topic has not seen much interesting among the academia. To both spark interest in growth hacking, and to facilitate teaching growth hacking in the academia, we present two board games intended to serve as an engaging introduction to growth hacking for students.

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arXiv2020

Secrecy Limits of Energy Harvesting IoT Networks under Channel Imperfections

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) has recently gathered much research interest from both academia and industry as a key enabler of energy harvesting Internet-of-things (IoT) networks. Due to a number of growing use cases of such networks, it is important to study their performance limits from the perspective of physical layer security (PLS). With this intent, this work aims to provide a novel analysis of the ergodic secrecy capacity of a SWIPT system is provided for Rician and Nakagami-m faded communication links. For a realistic evaluation of the system, the imperfections of channel estimations for different receiver designs of the SWIPT-based IoT systems have been taken into account. Subsequently, the closedform expressions of the ergodic secrecy capacities for the considered scenario are provided and, then, validated through extensive simulations. The results indicate that an error ceiling appears due to imperfect channel estimation at high values of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). More importantly, the secrecy capacity under different channel conditions stops increasing beyond a certain limit, despite an increase of the main link SNR. The in-depth analysis of secrecy-energy trade-off has also been performed and a comparison has been provided for imperfect and perfect channel estimation cases. As part of the continuous evolution of IoT networks, the results provided in this work can help in identifying the secrecy limits of IoT networks in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers.

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arXiv2020

Efficient Power-Splitting and Resource Allocation for Cellular V2X Communications

The research efforts on cellular vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications are gaining momentum with each passing year. It is considered as a paradigm-altering approach to connect a large number of vehicles with minimal cost of deployment and maintenance. This article aims to further push the state-of-the-art of cellular V2X communications by providing an optimization framework for wireless charging, power allocation, and resource block assignment. Specifically, we design a network model where roadside objects use wireless power from RF signals of electric vehicles for charging and information processing. Moreover, due to the resource-constraint nature of cellular V2X, the power allocation and resource block assignment are performed to efficiently use the resources. The proposed optimization framework shows an improvement in terms of the overall energy efficiency of the network when compared with the baseline technique. The performance gains of the proposed solution clearly demonstrate its feasibility and utility for cellular V2X communications.

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arXiv2020

Efficient Mining Cluster Selection for Blockchain-based Cellular V2X Communications

Cellular vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is expected to herald the age of autonomous vehicles in the coming years. With the integration of blockchain in such networks, information of all granularity levels, from complete blocks to individual transactions, would be accessible to vehicles at any time. Specifically, the blockchain technology is expected to improve the security, immutability, and decentralization of cellular V2X communication through smart contract and distributed ledgers. Although blockchain-based cellular V2X networks hold promise, many challenges need to be addressed to enable the future interoperability and accessibility of such large-scale platforms. One such challenge is the offloading of mining tasks in cellular V2X networks. While transportation authorities may try to balance the network mining load, the vehicles may select the nearest mining clusters to offload a task. This may cause congestion and disproportionate use of vehicular network resources. To address this issue, we propose a game-theoretic approach for balancing the load at mining clusters while maintaining fairness among offloading vehicles. Keeping in mind the low-latency requirements of vehicles, we consider a finite channel blocklength transmission which is more practical compared to the use of infinite blocklength codes. The simulation results obtained with our proposed offloading framework show improved performance over the conventional nearest mining cluster selection technique.

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arXiv2019

Power Allocation and User Assignment Scheme for Beyond 5G Heterogeneous Networks

The issue of spectrum scarcity in wireless networks is becoming prominent and critical with each passing year. Although several promising solutions have been proposed to provide a solution to spectrum scarcity, most of them have many associated tradeoffs. In this context, one of the emerging ideas relates to the utilization of cognitive radios (CR) for future heterogeneous networks (HetNets). This paper provides a marriage of two promising candidates (i.e., CR and HetNets) for beyond fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. More specifically, a joint power allocation and user assignment solution for the multi-user underlay CR-based HetNets has been proposed and evaluated. To counter the limiting factors in these networks, the individual power of transmitting nodes and interference temperature protection constraints of the primary networks have been considered. An efficient solution is designed from the dual decomposition approach, where the optimal user assignment is obtained for the optimized power allocation at each node. The simulation results validate the superiority of the proposed optimization scheme against conventional baseline techniques.

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arXiv2019

Performance Analysis of Cooperative V2V and V2I Communications under Correlated Fading

Cooperative vehicular networks will play a vital role in the coming years to implement various intelligent transportation-related applications. Both vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications will be needed to reliably disseminate information in a vehicular network. In this regard, a roadside unit (RSU) equipped with multiple antennas can improve the network capacity. While the traditional approaches assume antennas to experience independent fading, we consider a more practical uplink scenario where antennas at the RSU experience correlated fading. In particular, we evaluate the packet error probability for two renowned antenna correlation models, i.e., constant correlation (CC) and exponential correlation (EC). We also consider intermediate cooperative vehicles for reliable communication between the source vehicle and the RSU. Here, we derive closed-form expressions for packet error probability which help quantify the performance variations due to fading parameter, correlation coefficients and the number of intermediate helper vehicles. To evaluate the optimal transmit power in this network scenario, we formulate a Stackelberg game, wherein, the source vehicle is treated as a buyer and the helper vehicles are the sellers. The optimal solutions for the asking price and the transmit power are devised which maximize the utility functions of helper vehicles and the source vehicle, respectively. We verify our mathematical derivations by extensive simulations in MATLAB.

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arXiv2019

Secrecy Analysis and Learning-based Optimization of Cooperative NOMA SWIPT Systems

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is considered to be one of the best candidates for future networks due to its ability to serve multiple users using the same resource block. Although early studies have focused on transmission reliability and energy efficiency, recent works are considering cooperation among the nodes. The cooperative NOMA techniques allow the user with a better channel (near user) to act as a relay between the source and the user experiencing poor channel (far user). This paper considers the link security aspect of energy harvesting cooperative NOMA users. In particular, the near user applies the decode-and-forward (DF) protocol for relaying the message of the source node to the far user in the presence of an eavesdropper. Moreover, we consider that all the devices use power-splitting architecture for energy harvesting and information decoding. We derive the analytical expression of intercept probability. Next, we employ deep learning based optimization to find the optimal power allocation factor. The results show the robustness and superiority of deep learning optimization over conventional iterative search algorithm.

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arXiv2019

Simultaneous Harvest-and-Transmit Ambient Backscatter Communications under Rayleigh Fading

Ambient backscatter communications is an emerging paradigm and a key enabler for pervasive connectivity of low-powered wireless devices. It is primarily beneficial in the Internet of things (IoT) and the situations where computing and connectivity capabilities expand to sensors and miniature devices that exchange data on a low power budget. The premise of the ambient backscatter communication is to build a network of devices capable of operating in a battery-free manner by means of smart networking, radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting and power management at the granularity of individual bits and instructions. Due to this innovation in communication methods, it is essential to investigate the performance of these devices under practical constraints. To do so, this article formulates a model for wireless-powered ambient backscatter devices and derives a closed-form expression of outage probability under Rayleigh fading. Based on this expression, the article provides the power-splitting factor that balances the tradeoff between energy harvesting and achievable data rate. Our results also shed light on the complex interplay of a power-splitting factor, amount of harvested energy, and the achievable data rates.

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arXiv2019

Internet of Autonomous Vehicles: Architecture, Features, and Socio-Technological Challenges

Mobility is the backbone of urban life and a vital economic factor in the development of the world. Rapid urbanization and the growth of mega-cities is bringing dramatic changes in the capabilities of vehicles. Innovative solutions like autonomy, electrification, and connectivity are on the horizon. How, then, we can provide ubiquitous connectivity to the legacy and autonomous vehicles? This paper seeks to answer this question by combining recent leaps of innovation in network virtualization with remarkable feats of wireless communications. To do so, this paper proposes a novel paradigm called the Internet of autonomous vehicles (IoAV). We begin painting the picture of IoAV by discussing the salient features, and applications of IoAV which is followed by a detailed discussion on the key enabling technologies. Next, we describe the proposed layered architecture of IoAV and uncover some critical functions of each layer. This is followed by the performance evaluation of IoAV which shows the significant advantage of the proposed architecture in terms of transmission time and energy consumption. Finally, to best capture the benefits of IoAV, we enumerate some social and technological challenges and explain how some unresolved issues can disrupt the widespread use of autonomous vehicles in the future.

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arXiv2019

Applications of Backscatter Communications for Healthcare Networks

Backscatter communication is expected to help in revitalizing the domain of healthcare through its myriad applications. From on-body sensors to in-body implants and miniature embeddable devices, there are many potential use cases that can leverage the miniature and low-powered nature of backscatter devices. However, the existing literature lacks a comprehensive study that provides a distilled review of the latest studies on backscatter communications from the healthcare perspective. Thus, with the objective to promote the utility of backscatter communication in healthcare, this paper aims to identify specific applications of backscatter systems. A detailed taxonomy of recent studies and gap analysis for future research directions are provided in this work. Finally, we conduct measurements at 590 MHz in different propagation environments with the in-house designed backscatter device. The link budget results show the promise of backscatter devices to communicate over large distances for indoor environments which demonstrates its potential in the healthcare system.

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arXiv2019

Secrecy Outage for Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper addresses Physical Layer Security (PLS) for a wireless sensor network in which multiple sensor nodes communicate with a single sink in the presence of an eavesdropper. Under the assumption of sink using outdated channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropper link, the outage probability of achievable secrecy rate under Weibull fading is investigated and its analytical expressions are derived. Specifically, we consider sensor scheduling to enhance PLS, thereby we quantify the degradation in outage probability due to outdated CSI under the best-node scheduling scheme and compare it with conventional round-robin scheduling. Finally, we analyze secrecy outage probability conditional on successful transmission and provide practical insights into the effect of outdated CSI of the eavesdropper. The derived theoretical results are validated through simulations.

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arXiv2019

Secrecy Outage of SWIPT in the Presence of Cooperating Eavesdroppers

This work investigates the secrecy performance for a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer system that operates in the presence of cooperating eavesdroppers. The multi-antenna access point's transmission is used for information-decoding by a multi-antenna node and for energy-harvesting (EH) by multiple single-antenna nodes. However, some of the nodes authorized for EH only attempt to eavesdrop on the ongoing information transmission by utilizing a generalized on-off power splitting architecture. We derive a closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability of the considered Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Multiple-Eavesdroppers system. Theoretical and simulation results are provided to validate the derived results.

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arXiv2018

Propagation Channels for mmWave Vehicular Communications: State-of-the-art and Future Research Directions

Vehicular communications essentially support automotive applications for safety and infotainment. For this reason, industry leaders envision an enhanced role of vehicular communications in the fifth generation of mobile communications technology. Over the years, the number of vehicle-mounted sensors has increased steadily, which potentially leads to more volume of critical data communications in a short time. Also, emerging applications such as remote/autonomous driving and infotainment such as high-definition movie streaming require data-rates on the order of multiple Gbit/s. Such high data-rates require a large system bandwidth, but very limited bandwidth is available in the sub-6 GHz cellular bands. This has sparked research interest in the millimeter wave (mmWave) band (10 GHz-300 GHz), where a large bandwidth is available to support the high data-rate and low-latency communications envisioned for emerging vehicular applications. However, leveraging mmWave communications requires a thorough understanding of the relevant vehicular propagation channels, which are significantly different from those investigated below 6 GHz. Despite their significance, very few investigations of mmWave vehicular channels are reported in the literature. This work highlights the key attributes of mmWave vehicular communication channels and surveys the recent literature on channel characterization efforts in order to provide a gap analysis and propose possible directions for future research.

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arXiv2018

On the Secrecy Performance of SWIPT Receiver Architectures with Multiple Eavesdroppers

Physical layer security (PLS) has been shown to hold promise as a new paradigm for securing wireless links. In contrast with the conventional cryptographic techniques, PLS methods exploit the random fading in wireless channels to provide link security. As the channel dynamics prevent a constant rate of secure communications between the legitimate terminals, the outage probability of the achievable secrecy rate is used as a measure of the secrecy performance. This work investigates the secrecy outage probability of a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system, which operates in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers that also have the energy harvesting capability. The loss in secrecy performance due to eavesdropper collusion, i.e., information sharing between the eavesdroppers to decode the secret message, is also analyzed. We derive closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability for Nakagami-$m$ fading on the links and imperfect channel estimation at the receivers. Our analysis considers different combinations of the separated and the integrated SWIPT receiver architectures at the receivers. Numerical results are provided to validate our analysis.

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