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Fusun Akman

Publications and source records attributed to Fusun Akman.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

A note on Tight Irreducible Affine Spreads

Let ${\mathbb F}_q^n$ denote the vector space of dimension $n$ over ${\mathbb F}_q$ and AG$(n,q)$ denote the corresponding affine space. An $\textit{affine vector space partition}$ of AG$(n,q)$ is a collection ${\mathcal P}$ of affine subspaces that partition the points of AG$(n,q)$. If all subspaces in ${\mathcal P}$ have the same dimension $d$, then ${\mathcal P}$ is called an $\textit{affine $d$-spread}$. We say that an affine partition ${\mathcal P}$ is $\textit{completely tight}$ if for any pair $C,C'\in{\mathcal P}$ with $C=v+S$, $C'=v'+S'$, where $v,v'\in{\rm AG}(n,q)$ and $S\neq S'$ are linear subspaces of ${\mathbb F}_q^n$, we have $ S\cap S'=\{{\bf 0}\}$. An affine partition ${\mathcal P}$ is said to be $\textit{irreducible}$ if there is no subset ${\mathcal P}'\subset {\mathcal P}$ such that $1<|{\mathcal P}'|<|{\mathcal P}|$ and the union of all subspaces in ${\mathcal P}'$ is a subspace of AG$(n,q)$. For all $d \geq 1$ and $n>2d$, we construct a completely tight irreducible affine $d$-spread of AG$(n,q)$. This also settles a recent conjecture of Bamberg et al. on the existence of tight irreducible affine $d$-spreads.

math.CO

Polynomials in Base $x$ and the Prime-Irreducible Affinity

Arthur Cohn's irreducibility criterion for polynomials with integer coefficients and its generalization connect primes to irreducibles, and integral bases to the variable $x$. As we follow this link, we find that these polynomials are ready to spill two of their secrets: (i) There exists a unique "base-$x$" representation of such polynomials that makes the ring $\mathbb{Z}[x]$ into an ordered domain; and (ii) There is a 1-1 correspondence between positive rational primes $p$ and certain infinite sets of irreducible polynomials $f(x)$ that attain the value $p$ at sufficiently large $x$, each generated in finitely many steps from the $p$th cyclotomic polynomial. The base-$x$ representation provides practical conversion methods among numeric bases (not to mention a polynomial factorization algorithm), while the prime-irreducible correspondence puts a new angle on the Bouniakowsky Conjecture, a generalization of Dirichlet's Theorem on Primes in Arithmetic Progressions.

math.NT

On Splitting Types, Discriminant Bounds, and Conclusive Tests for the Galois Group

Using the action of the Galois group of a normal extension of number fields, we generalize and symmetrize various fundamental statements in algebra and algebraic number theory concerning splitting types of prime ideals, factorization types of polynomials modulo primes, and cycle types of the Galois groups of polynomials. One remarkable example is the removal of all artificial constraints from the Kummer-Dedekind Theorem that relates splitting and factorization patterns. Finally, we present an elementary proof that the discriminant of the splitting field of a monic irreducible polynomial with integer coefficients has a computable upper bound in terms of the coefficients. This result, combined with one of Lagarias et al., shows that tests of polynomials for the cycle types of the Galois group are conclusive. In particular, the Galois groups of monic irreducible cubics, quartics, and quintics with integer coefficients can be completely determined in finitely many steps (though not necessarily in one's lifetime).

math.NT

Partial Chromatic Polynomials and Diagonally Distinct Sudoku Squares

Sudoku grids can be thought of as graphs where the vertices are the squares of the grid, and edges join vertices in the same row, column, or sub-grid. A Sudoku puzzle corresponds to a partial proper coloring of the Sudoku graph. We provide a new and simpler proof of the theorem which states that the number of completions of partial colorings of a graph is a polynomial in the number of colors (originally due to Herzberg and Murty). Moreover, we construct Sudoku squares of arbitrary size with distinct entries on both diagonals (a similar proof was first published by Keedwell, unknown to the author).

math.CO

A Survey of Huebschmann and Stasheff's Paper: Formal Solution of the Master Equation via HPT and Deformation Theory

These notes, based on the paper "Formal Solution of the Master Equation via HPT and Deformation Theory" by Huebschmann and Stasheff, were prepared for a series of talks at Illinois State University with the intention of applying Homological Perturbation Theory to the derived bracket constructions of Kosmann-Schwarzbach and T. Voronov, and eventually writing Part II of the paper "Higher Derived Brackets and Deformation Theory I" by the present authors.

math.QA

Higher Derived Brackets and Deformation Theory I

The existing constructions of derived Lie and sh-Lie brackets involve multilinear maps that are used to define higher order differential operators. In this paper, we prove the equivalence of three different definitions of higher order operators. We then introduce a unifying theme for building derived brackets and show that two prevalent derived Lie bracket constructions are equivalent. Two basic methods of constructing derived strict sh-Lie brackets are also shown to be essentially the same. So far, each of these derived brackets is defined on an abelian subalgebra of a Lie algebra. We describe, as an alternative, a cohomological construction of derived sh-Lie brackets. Namely, we prove that a differential algebra with a graded homotopy commutative and associative product and an odd, square-zero operator (that commutes with the differential) gives rise to an sh-Lie structure on the cohomology via derived brackets. The method is in particular applicable to differential vertex operator algebras.

math.QA

Graph Invariants of Finite Groups via a Theorem of Lagarias

We introduce a new graph invariant of finite groups that provides a complete characterization of the splitting types of unramified prime ideals in normal number field extensions entirely in terms of the Galois group. In particular, each connected component corresponds to a division (Abteilung) of the group. We compute the divisions of the alternating group, and compile a list of characteristics of groups that the invariant reveals. We conjecture that the invariant distinguishes finite groups. Our exposition borrows elements from graph theory, group theory, and algebraic number theory.

math.NT

On deformation theory and graph homology

Deformation theory of associative algebras and in particular of Poisson algebras is reviewed. The role of an almost contraction leading to a canonical solution of the corresponding Maurer-Cartan equation is noted. This role is reminiscent of the homotopical perturbation lemma, with the infinitesimal deformation cocycle as initiator. Applied to star-products, we show how Moyal's formula can be obtained using such an almost contraction and conjecture that the merger operation provides a canonical solution at least in the case of linear Poisson structures.

math.QA

Chicken or egg? A hierarchy of homotopy algebras

We start by clarifying and extending the multibraces notation, which economically describes substitutions of multilinear maps and tensor products of vectors. We give definitions and examples of homotopy algebras, strongly homotopy Gerstenhaber and Gerstenhaber bracket algebras, and strongly homotopy Batalin-Vilkovisky algebras. We show that a homotopy algebra structure on a vector space can be lifted to its Hochschild complex, and also suggest an induction method to generate explicit strongly homotopy Gerstenhaber algebra maps on a topological vertex operator algebra (TVOA), their existence having been proven by Kimura, Voronov, and Zuckerman in 1996 (later amended by Voronov). The contention that this is the fundamental structure on a TVOA is substantiated by providing an annotated dictionary of strongly homotopy BV algebra maps and identities found by Lian and Zuckerman in 1993.

math.QA

Multibraces on the Hochschild complex

We generalize the coupled braces {x}{y} of Gerstenhaber and {x}{y,...,z} of Getzler depicting compositions of multilinear maps in the Hochschild complex C(A)=Hom(TA;A) of a graded vector space A to expressions of the form {x,...,y}...{z,...,w} on the extended space Hom(TA;TA), and clarify many of the existing sign conventions that show up in the algebra of mathematical physics (namely in associative and Lie algebras, Batalin-Vilkovisky algebras, homotopy associative and homotopy Lie algebras). As a result, we introduce a new variant of the master identity for homotopy Lie algebras. We also comment on the bialgebra cohomology differential of Gerstenhaber and Schack, and define multilinear higher order differential operators with respect to multilinear maps using the new language. The continuation of this work will be on the various homotopy structures on a topological vertex operator algebra, as introduced by Kimura, Voronov, and Zuckerman.

q-alg

A master identity for homotopy Gerstenhaber algebras

We produce a master identity {m}{m}=0 for homotopy Gerstenhaber algebras, as defined by Getzler and Jones and utilized by Kimura, Voronov, and Zuckerman in the context of topological conformal field theories. To this end, we introduce the notion of a "partitioned multilinear map" and explain the mechanics of composing such maps. In addition, many new examples of pre-Lie algebras and homotopy Gerstenhaber algebras are given.

q-alg

Minimal model fusion rules from 2-groups

The fusion rules for the $(p,q)$-minimal model representations of the Virasoro algebra are shown to come from the group $G = \boZ_2^{p+q-5}$ in the following manner. There is a partition $G = P_1 \cup ...\cup P_N$ into disjoint subsets and a bijection between $\{P_1,...,P_N\}$ and the sectors $\{S_1,...,S_N\}$ of the $(p,q)$-minimal model such that the fusion rules $S_i * S_j = \sum_k D(S_i,S_j,S_k) S_k$ correspond to $P_i * P_j = \sum_{k\in T(i,j)} P_k$ where $T(i,j) = \{k|\exists a\in P_i,\exists b\in P_j, a+b\in P_k\}$.

q-alg

Some cohomology operators in 2-D field theory

It is typical for a semi-infinite cohomology complex associated with a graded Lie algebra to occur as a vertex operator (or chiral) superalgebra where all the standard operators of cohomology theory, in particular the differential, are modes of vertex operators (fields). Although vertex operator superalgebras -with the inherent Virasoro action- are regarded as part of Conformal Field Theory (CFT), a VOSA may exhibit a square-zero operator (often, but not always, the semi-infinite cohomology differential) for which the Virasoro algebra acts trivially in the cohomology. Capable of shedding its CFT features, such a VOSA is called a ``topological chiral algebra'' (TCA). We investigate the semi-infinite cohomology of the vertex operator Weil algebra and indicate a number of differentials which give rise to TCA structures.

hep-th

A characterization of the differential in semi-infinite cohomology

Semi-infinite cohomology is constructed from scratch as the proper generalization of finite dimensional Lie algebra cohomology. The differential d and other operators are realized as universal inner deri- vations of a completed algebra, which acts on any appropriate semi-infinite complex. In particular, d is shown to be the unique derivation satisfying the "Cartan identity" and certain natural degree conditions. The proof that d is square-zero may well be the shortest (arguably, the only) one in print.

hep-th