arXiv subjects

G. Bunce

Publications and source records attributed to G. Bunce.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Cross sections of $\eta$ mesons in $p$$+$$p$ collisions at forward rapidity at $\sqrt{s}=500$ GeV and central rapidity at $\sqrt{s}=510$ GeV

We present the first measurements of the forward and midrapidity $\eta$-meson cross sections from $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=500$ and $510$~GeV, respectively. We also report the midrapidity $\eta/\pi^0$ ratio at 510 GeV. The forward cross section is measured differentially in $\eta$-meson transverse momentum ($p_T$) from 1.0 to 6.5~GeV/$c$ for pseudorapidity $3.0<|\eta|<3.8$. The midrapidity cross section is measured from 3.5 to 44 GeV/$c$ for pseudorapidity $|\eta|<0.35$. Both cross sections serve as critical inputs to an updated global analysis of the $\eta$-meson fragmentation functions.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2024

Jet modification via $\pi^0$-hadron correlations in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV

High-momentum two-particle correlations are a useful tool for studying jet-quenching effects in the quark-gluon plasma. Angular correlations between neutral-pion triggers and charged hadrons with transverse momenta in the range 4--12~GeV/$c$ and 0.5--7~GeV/$c$, respectively, have been measured by the PHENIX experiment in 2014 for Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$~GeV. Suppression is observed in the yield of high-momentum jet fragments opposite the trigger particle, which indicates jet suppression stemming from in-medium partonic energy loss, while enhancement is observed for low-momentum particles. The ratio and differences between the yield in Au$+$Au collisions and $p$$+$$p$ collisions, $I_{AA}$ and $\Delta_{AA}$, as a function of the trigger-hadron azimuthal separation, $\Delta\phi$, are measured for the first time at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These results better quantify how the yield of low-$p_T$ associated hadrons is enhanced at wide angle, which is crucial for studying energy loss as well as medium-response effects.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2022

Systematic study of nuclear effects in $p$$+$Al, $p$$+$Au, $d$$+$Au, and $^{3}$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV using $π^0$ production

The PHENIX collaboration presents a systematic study of $π^0$ production from $p$$+$$p$, $p$$+$Al, $p$$+$Au, $d$$+$Au, and $^{3}$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV. Measurements were performed with different centrality selections as well as the total inelastic, 0%--100%, selection for all collision systems. For 0%--100% collisions, the nuclear modification factors, $R_{xA}$, are consistent with unity for $p_T$ above 8 GeV/$c$, but exhibit an enhancement in peripheral collisions and a suppression in central collisions. The enhancement and suppression characteristics are similar for all systems for the same centrality class. It is shown that for high-$p_T$-$π^0$ production, the nucleons in the $d$ and $^3$He interact mostly independently with the Au nucleus and that the counter intuitive centrality dependence is likely due to a physical correlation between multiplicity and the presence of a hard scattering process. These observations disfavor models where parton energy loss has a significant contribution to nuclear modifications in small systems. Nuclear modifications at lower $p_T$ resemble the Cronin effect -- an increase followed by a peak in central or inelastic collisions and a plateau in peripheral collisions. The peak height has a characteristic ordering by system size as $p$$+$Au $>$ $d$$+$Au $>$ $^{3}$He$+$Au $>$ $p$$+$Al. For collisions with Au ions, current calculations based on initial state cold nuclear matter effects result in the opposite order, suggesting the presence of other contributions to nuclear modifications, in particular at lower $p_T$.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2020

Measurement of jet-medium interactions via direct photon-hadron correlations in Au$+$Au and $d$$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV

We present direct photon-hadron correlations in 200 GeV/A Au$+$Au, $d$$+$Au and $p$$+$$p$ collisions, for direct photon $p_T$ from 5--12 GeV/$c$, collected by the PHENIX Collaboration in the years from 2006 to 2011. We observe no significant modification of jet fragmentation in $d$$+$Au collisions, indicating that cold nuclear matter effects are small or absent. Hadrons carrying a large fraction of the quark's momentum are suppressed in Au$+$Au compared to $p$$+$$p$ and $d$$+$Au. As the momentum fraction decreases, the yield of hadrons in Au$+$Au increases to an excess over the yield in $p$$+$$p$ collisions. The excess is at large angles and at low hadron $p_T$ and is most pronounced for hadrons associated with lower momentum direct photons. Comparison to theoretical calculations suggests that the hadron excess arises from medium response to energy deposited by jets.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

Measurements of Higher-Order Flow Harmonics in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV

Flow coefficients v_n for n = 2, 3, 4, characterizing the anisotropic collective flow in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV, are measured relative to event planes Ψ_n determined at large rapidity. We report v_n as a function of transverse momentum and collision centrality, and study the correlations among the event planes of different order n. The v_n are well described by hydrodynamic models which employ a Glauber Monte Carlo initial state geometry with fluctuations, providing additional constraining power on the interplay between initial conditions and the effects of viscosity as the system evolves. This new constraint improves precision of the extracted viscosity to entropy density ratio eta/s.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2019

Beam-energy and centrality dependence of direct-photon emission from ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions

The PHENIX collaboration presents first measurements of low-momentum ($0.4 $1\,GeV/$c$) direct-photon yield $dN_γ^{\rm dir}/dη$ is a smooth function of $dN_{\rm ch}/dη$ and can be well described as proportional to $(dN_{\rm ch}/dη)^α$ with $α{\approx}1.25$. This scaling behavior holds for a wide range of beam energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider, for centrality selected samples, as well as for different, $A$$+$$A$ collision systems. At a given beam energy the scaling also holds for high $p_T$ ($>5$\,GeV/$c$) but when results from different collision energies are compared, an additional $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$-dependent multiplicative factor is needed to describe the integrated-direct-photon yield.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2019

Measurement of two-particle correlations with respect to second- and third-order event planes in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV

We present measurements of azimuthal correlations of charged hadron pairs in $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV Au$+$Au collisions for the trigger and associated particle transverse-momentum ranges of $1 4$~GeV/$c$) correlations is suppressed compared to that of correlations measured in $p$$+$$p$ collisions. At the lowest associated particle $p_T$ ($0.5<p_T^a<1$ GeV/$c$), the away-side shape and yield are modified relative to those in $p$$+$$p$ collisions. These observations are consistent with the scenario of radiative-jet energy loss. For the low-$p_T$ trigger correlations ($2<p_T^t<4$ GeV/$c$), a finite away-side yield exists and we explore the dependence of the shape of the away-side within the context of an underlying-event model. Correlations are also studied differentially versus event-plane angle $Ψ_2$ and $Ψ_3$. The angular correlations show an asymmetry when selecting the sign of the difference between the trigger-particle azimuthal angle and the $Ψ_2$ event plane. This asymmetry and the measured suppression of the pair yield out of plane is consistent with a path-length-dependent energy loss. No $Ψ_3$ dependence can be resolved within experimental uncertainties.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2019

A New Approach for Measuring the Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment and Electric Dipole Moment

This paper introduces a new approach to measure the muon magnetic moment anomaly $a_μ = (g-2)/2$, and the muon electric dipole moment (EDM) $d_μ$ at the J-PARC muon facility. The goal of our experiment is to measure $a_μ$ and $d_μ$ using an independent method with a factor of 10 lower muon momentum, and a factor of 20 smaller diameter storage-ring solenoid compared with previous and ongoing muon $g-2$ experiments with unprecedented quality of the storage magnetic field. Additional significant differences from the present experimental method include a factor of 1,000 smaller transverse emittance of the muon beam (reaccelerated thermal muon beam), its efficient vertical injection into the solenoid, and tracking each decay positron from muon decay to obtain its momentum vector. The precision goal for $a_μ$ is statistical uncertainty of 450 part per billion (ppb), similar to the present experimental uncertainty, and a systematic uncertainty less than 70 ppb. The goal for EDM is a sensitivity of $1.5\times 10^{-21}~e\cdot\mbox{cm}$.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2018

Low-momentum direct photon measurement in Cu$+$Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV

We have measured direct photons for $p_T<5~$GeV/$c$ in minimum bias and 0\%--40\% most central events at midrapidity for Cu$+$Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV. The $e^{+}e^{-}$ contribution from quasi-real direct virtual photons has been determined as an excess over the known hadronic contributions in the $e^{+}e^{-}$ mass distribution. A clear enhancement of photons over the binary scaled $p$$+$$p$ fit is observed for $p_T<4$ GeV/$c$ in Cu$+$Cu data. The $p_T$ spectra are consistent with the Au$+$Au data covering a similar number of participants. The inverse slopes of the exponential fits to the excess after subtraction of the $p$$+$$p$ baseline are 285$\pm$53(stat)$\pm$57(syst)~MeV/$c$ and 333$\pm$72(stat)$\pm$45(syst)~MeV/$c$ for minimum bias and 0\%--40\% most central events, respectively. The rapidity density, $dN/dy$, of photons demonstrates the same power law as a function of $dN_{\rm ch}/dη$ observed in Au$+$Au at the same collision energy.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2018

Measurement of emission angle anisotropy via long-range angular correlations with high $p_T$ hadrons in $d$$+$Au and $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV

We present measurements of two-particle angular correlations between high-transverse-momentum ($2<p_T<11$ GeV/$c$) $π^0$ observed at midrapidity ($|η|<0.35$) and particles produced either at forward ($3.1<η<3.9$) or backward ($-3.7<η<-3.1$) rapidity in $d$$+$Au and $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV. The azimuthal angle correlations for particle pairs with this large rapidity gap in the Au-going direction exhibit a ridge-like structure that persists up to $p_T{\approx}6$ GeV/$c$ and which strongly depends on collision centrality, which is a similar characteristic to the hydrodynamical particle flow in A+A collisions. The ridge-like structure is absent in the $d$-going direction as well as in $p$$+$$p$ collisions, in the transverse-momentum range studied. The results indicate that the ridge-like structure is shifted in the Au-going direction toward more central collisions, similar to the charged-particle pseudorapidity distributions.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2017

Measurements of $e^+e^-$ pairs from open heavy flavor in $p$+$p$ and $d$+$A$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV

We report a measurement of $e^+e^-$ pairs from semileptonic heavy-flavor decays in $p$+$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$~GeV. The $e^+e^-$ pair yield from $b\bar{b}$ and $c\bar{c}$ is separated by exploiting a double differential fit done simultaneously in dielectron invariant mass and $p_T$. We used three different event generators, {\sc pythia}, {\sc mc@nlo}, and {\sc powheg}, to simulate the $e^+e^-$ spectra from $c\bar{c}$ and $b\bar{b}$ production. The data can be well described by all three generators within the detector acceptance. However, when using the generators to extrapolate to $4π$, significant differences are observed for the total cross section. These difference are less pronounced for $b\bar{b}$ than for $c\bar{c}$. The same model dependence was observed in already published $d$+$A$ data. The $p$+$p$ data are also directly compared with $d$+$A$ data in mass and $p_T$, and within the statistical accuracy no nuclear modification is seen.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2016

Azimuthally anisotropic emission of low-momentum direct photons in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV

The PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has measured 2nd and 3rd order Fourier coefficients of the azimuthal distributions of direct photons emitted at midrapidity in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV for various collision centralities. Combining two different analysis techniques, results were obtained in the transverse momentum range of $0.4<p_{T}<4.0$ GeV/$c$. At low $p_T$ the second-order coefficients, $v_2$, are similar to the ones observed in hadrons. Third order coefficients, $v_3$, are nonzero and almost independent of centrality. These new results on $v_2$ and $v_3$, combined with previously published results on yields, are compared to model calculations that provide yields and asymmetries in the same framework. Those models are challenged to explain simultaneously the observed large yield and large azimuthal anisotropies.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2016

Measurement of the higher-order anisotropic flow coefficients for identified hadrons in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV

New PHENIX measurements of the anisotropic flow coefficients $v_2\{Ψ_2\}$, $v_3\{Ψ_3\}$, $v_4\{Ψ_4\}$ and $v_4\{Ψ_2\}$ for identified particles ($π^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, and $p+\bar{p}$) obtained relative to the event planes $Ψ_n$ in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV are presented as functions of collision centrality and particle transverse momenta $p_T$. The $v_n$ coefficients show characteristic patterns consistent with hydrodynamical expansion of the matter produced in the collisions. For each harmonic $n$, a modified valence quark number $n_q$ scaling plotting $v_n/(n_q)^{n/2}$ versus ${\rm KE}_T/n_q$ is observed to yield a single curve for all the measured particle species for a broad range of transverse kinetic energies ${\rm KE}_T$. A simultaneous blast wave model fit to the observed particle spectra and $v_n(p_T)$ coefficients identifies spatial eccentricities $s_n$ at freeze-out, which are much smaller than the initial-state geometric values.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2016

Centrality-dependent modification of jet-production rates in deuteron-gold collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV

Jet production rates are measured in $p$$+$$p$ and $d$$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV recorded in 2008 with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Jets are reconstructed using the $R=0.3$ anti-$k_{t}$ algorithm from energy deposits in the electromagnetic calorimeter and charged tracks in multi-wire proportional chambers, and the jet transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra are corrected for the detector response. Spectra are reported for jets with $12<p_T<50$ GeV/$c$, within a pseudorapidity acceptance of $\left|η\right|<0.3$. The nuclear-modification factor ($R_{d{\rm Au}}$) values for 0\%--100\% $d$$+$Au events are found to be consistent with unity, constraining the role of initial state effects on jet production. However, the centrality-selected $R_{d{\rm Au}}$ values and central-to-peripheral ratios ($R_{\rm CP}$) show large, $p_T$-dependent deviations from unity, which challenge the conventional models that relate hard-process rates and soft-particle production in collisions involving nuclei.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2016

Transverse energy production and charged-particle multiplicity at midrapidity in various systems from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7$ to 200 GeV

Measurements of midrapidity charged particle multiplicity distributions, $dN_{\rm ch}/dη$, and midrapidity transverse-energy distributions, $dE_T/dη$, are presented for a variety of collision systems and energies. Included are distributions for Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$, 130, 62.4, 39, 27, 19.6, 14.5, and 7.7 GeV, Cu$+$Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ and 62.4 GeV, Cu$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV, U$+$U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=193$ GeV, $d$$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV, $^{3}$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV, and $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV. Centrality-dependent distributions at midrapidity are presented in terms of the number of nucleon participants, $N_{\rm part}$, and the number of constituent quark participants, $N_{q{\rm p}}$. For all $A$$+$$A$ collisions down to $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=7.7$ GeV, it is observed that the midrapidity data are better described by scaling with $N_{q{\rm p}}$ than scaling with $N_{\rm part}$. Also presented are estimates of the Bjorken energy density, $\varepsilon_{\rm BJ}$, and the ratio of $dE_T/dη$ to $dN_{\rm ch}/dη$, the latter of which is seen to be constant as a function of centrality for all systems.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2016

Scaling properties of fractional momentum loss of high-pT hadrons in nucleus-nucleus collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$ from 62.4 GeV to 2.76 TeV

Measurements of the fractional momentum loss ($S_{\rm loss}\equivδp_T/p_T$) of high-transverse-momentum-identified hadrons in heavy ion collisions are presented. Using $π^0$ in Au$+$Au and Cu$+$Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=62.4$ and 200 GeV measured by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and and charged hadrons in Pb$+$Pb collisions measured by the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, we studied the scaling properties of $S_{\rm loss}$ as a function of a number of variables: the number of participants, $N_{\rm part}$, the number of quark participants, $N_{\rm qp}$, the charged-particle density, $dN_{\rm ch}/dη$, and the Bjorken energy density times the equilibration time, $\varepsilon_{\rm Bj}τ_{0}$. We find that the $p_T$ where $S_{\rm loss}$ has its maximum, varies both with centrality and collision energy. Above the maximum, $S_{\rm loss}$ tends to follow a power-law function with all four scaling variables. The data at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$=200 GeV and 2.76 TeV, for sufficiently high particle densities, have a common scaling of $S_{\rm loss}$ with $dN_{\rm ch}/dη$ and $\varepsilon_{\rm Bj}τ_{0}$, lending insight on the physics of parton energy loss.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2016

$ϕ$ meson production in the forward/backward rapidity region in Cu$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV

The PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has measured $ϕ$ meson production and its nuclear modification in asymmetric Cu$+$Au heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV at both forward Cu-going direction ($1.2<y<2.2$) and backward Au-going direction ($-2.2<y<-1.2$), rapidities. The measurements are performed via the dimuon decay channel and reported as a function of the number of participating nucleons, rapidity, and transverse momentum. In the most central events, 0\%--20\% centrality, the $ϕ$ meson yield integrated over $1<p_T<5$ GeV/$c$ prefers a smaller value, which means a larger nuclear modification, in the Cu-going direction compared to the Au-going direction. Additionally, the nuclear-modification factor in Cu$+$Au collisions averaged over all centrality is measured to be similar to the previous PHENIX result in $d$$+$Au collisions for these rapidities.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2016

Measurement of higher cumulants of net-charge multiplicity distributions in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=7.7-200$ GeV

We report the measurement of cumulants ($C_n, n=1\ldots4$) of the net-charge distributions measured within pseudorapidity ($|η|<0.35$) in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=7.7-200$ GeV with the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The ratios of cumulants (e.g. $C_1/C_2$, $C_3/C_1$) of the net-charge distributions, which can be related to volume independent susceptibility ratios, are studied as a function of centrality and energy. These quantities are important to understand the quantum-chromodynamics phase diagram and possible existence of a critical end point. The measured values are very well described by expectation from negative binomial distributions. We do not observe any nonmonotonic behavior in the ratios of the cumulants as a function of collision energy. The measured values of $C_1/C_2 = μ/σ^2$ and $C_3/C_1 = Sσ^3/μ$ can be directly compared to lattice quantum-chromodynamics calculations and thus allow extraction of both the chemical freeze-out temperature and the baryon chemical potential at each center-of-mass energy.

nucl-ex↗