arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G. Karl.
In this note, it is discussed why attempts to renormalize conventional quantum gravity may be based on a false presumption, because, according to Verlinde's entropic view of gravity, the gravitational force between two elementary particles vanishes.
In the interaction of two electric quadrupoles, there is at short distances a contact term proportional to the second derivative of a delta function. This contact term contributes to the hyperfine splitting of bound states of two particles with spin one or higher-for example the bound states of Omega minus and a nucleus of spin one.The contact hyperfine splitting occurs in states with orbital angular momentum one(p-wave), in contrast to the Fermi contact interaction which is in s-states.We find that these contact splittings will be observable with Omega minus atoms and help measure the quadrupole moment and charge radius of the hyperon.
We discuss the interaction of photons with neutrinos including two lepton loops. The parity violation in the gamma-nu to gamma-nu channel due to two lepton loops is substantially enhanced relative to the one lepton loop contribution. However there is no corresponding enhancement in the parity conserving amplitude in either the direct or the cross channel.
We review the development and practical uses of a generalized Maupertuis least action principle in classical mechanics, in which the action is varied under the constraint of fixed mean energy for the trial trajectory. The original Maupertuis (Euler-Lagrange) principle constrains the energy at every point along the trajectory. The generalized Maupertuis principle is equivalent to Hamilton's principle. Reciprocal principles are also derived for both the generalized Maupertuis and the Hamilton principles. The Reciprocal Maupertuis Principle is the classical limit of Schrödinger's variational principle of wave mechanics, and is also very useful to solve practical problems in both classical and semiclassical mechanics, in complete analogy with the quantum Rayleigh-Ritz method. Classical, semiclassical and quantum variational calculations are carried out for a number of systems, and the results are compared. Pedagogical as well as research problems are used as examples, which include nonconservative as well as relativistic systems.
A direct connection can be made between mixing angles in negative parity baryons and the spin coupling of constituent quarks. The mixing angles do not depend on spectral data. These angles are recalculated for gluon exchange and pion exchange between quarks. For pion exchange the results of Glozman and Riska are corrected. The experimental data on mixing are very similar to those derived from gluon exchange but substantially different from the values obtained for pion exchange.
We generalize the notion of democratic mixing matrices for neutrinos and propose a scheme in which the electron neutrino is a superposition of three different mass eigenstates with equal weights. This scheme accounts for the recent SNO results as well as atmospheric muon neutrino and electron neutrino data. The outcomes of reactor neutrino and accelerator experiments are also discussed.
We demonstrate that reciprocal Maupertuis' Principle is the classical limit of Schrödinger's Variational Principle in Quantum Mechanics.
We present the Standard Model calculation of the optical activity of a neutrino sea
We discuss the agreement in sign between the recently measured strange contribution to the proton magnetic moment and SU(3) based fits to baryon octet magnetic moments.
We describe classical orbits and quantum states of a three particle system which is weakly chaotic. The quantum energies of the lowest 48 states which are invariant under permutations are given both in various approximations and to high accuracy. The quantum mechanical probability distributions are given in a two dimensional version of the system, the hexagonal pit. The quantum probabilities show strong resemblance to classical orbits of various types, including chaotic ones.
We discuss effects in beta decays at very low beta energies, of the order of the kinetic energies of atomic electrons. As the beta energy is lowered the atomic response changes from sudden to adiabatic. As a consequence, the beta decay rate increases slightly and the ejection of atomic electrons (shake off) and subsequent production of X rays is turned off. We estimate the transition energy and the change in decay rate. The rate increase is largest in heavy atoms, which have a small Q value in their decay. The X ray switch-off is independent of Q value.