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G. M. Shore

Publications and source records attributed to G. M. Shore.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

$η'\toγγ$ and the topological susceptibility

The radiative decays $η'(η)\rtaγγ$ are discussed. The modifications of the conventional PCAC formulae due to the gluonic contribution to the flavour singlet axial anomaly are given. The decay constants satisfy a modified Dashen formula which generalises the Witten--Veneziano formula for the mass of the $η'$. It is shown how the topological susceptibility in QCD with massive, dynamical quarks may be extracted from measurements of $η'(η)\rtaγγ$.

hep-ph↗

Radiative $η'$ Decays, the Topological Susceptibility and the Witten-Veneziano Mass Formula

The formulae describing the radiative decays $η'(η)\rta\c\c$ in QCD beyond the chiral limit are derived. The modifications of the conventional PCAC formulae due to the gluonic contribution to the axial anomaly in the flavour singlet channel are precisely described. The decay constants are found to satisfy a modified Dashen formula which generalises the Witten--Veneziano formula for the mass of the $η'$. Combining these results, it is shown how the topological susceptibility in QCD with massive, dynamical quarks may be extracted from measurements of $η'(η)\rta\c\c$.

hep-ph↗

U_A(1) Problems and Gluon Topology - Anomalous Symmetry in QCD

Many of the distinctive and subtle features of the dynamics in the $U_A(1)$ channel in QCD can be related to gluon topology, more precisely to the topological susceptibility $χ(k^2) = i\int d^4x~e^{ikx}< 0|T~Q(x)~Q(0)|0>$, where $Q = {\a_s\over8π} {\rm tr} G_{\m\n} \tilde G^{\m\n}$ is the gluon topological charge density. The link is the $U_A(1)$ axial (ABJ) anomaly. In this lecture, we describe the anomalous $U_A(1)$ chiral Ward identities in a functional formalism and show how two apparently unrelated `$U_A(1)$ problems' -- the mass of the $η'$ and the violation of the Ellis-Jaffe sum rule in polarised deep-inelastic scattering -- can be explained in terms of the gluon topological susceptibility. They are related through a $U_A(1)$ extension of the Goldberger-Treiman formula, which is derived here for QCD with both massless and massive quarks.

hep-ph↗

The Proton-Spin Crisis: another ABJ anomaly?

Contents: 1. Introduction; 2. The First Moment Sum Rule for $g_1^p$; 3. The Parton Model and the `Proton Spin'; 4. The CPV Method and Topological Charge Screening; 5. Experiment; 6. Semi-Inclusive Polarised DIS.

hep-ph↗

Topological Charge Screening and the `Proton Spin' Beyond the Chiral Limit

The theory of the `proton spin' effect proposed in our earlier papers is extended to include the chiral SU(3) symmetry breaking and flavour mixing induced by non-vanishing quark masses in QCD. The theoretical basis is the derivation of exact, unified Goldberger-Treiman (GT) relations valid beyond the chiral limit. The observed suppression in the flavour singlet axial charge $a^0(Q^2)$ is explained by an anomalously small value for the slope of the singlet current correlation function $<0|T~\pl^\m J_{\m 5}^0 ~ \pl^\n J_{\n 5}^0 |0>$, a consequence of the screening of topological charge in the QCD vacuum. Numerical predictions are obtained by evaluating the current correlation functions using QCD spectral sum rules. The results, $a^0(Q^2) = 0.31 \pm 0.02$ and $\int dx ~g_1^p(x,Q^2) = 0.141 \pm 0.005$ (at $Q^2=10 \~\GV^2$), are in good agreement with current experimental data on the polarised proton structure function $g_1^p$.

hep-ph↗

Target Fragmentation at Polarized HERA: A Test of Universal Topological Charge Screening in QCD

Topological charge screening has been proposed as the mechanism responsible for the anomalous suppression in the first moment of the polarized proton structure function -- the `proton spin' effect. An immediate consequence is that this suppression should be target-independent, since the screening is a fundamental property of the QCD vacuum. Here, we study the possibility of testing the target-independent suppression in semi-inclusive target fragmentation processes at polarized HERA.

hep-ph↗

The `Proton Spin' Effect - Theoretical Status '97

The theoretical status of the `proton spin' effect is reviewed. The conventional QCD parton model analysis of polarised DIS is compared with a complementary approach, the composite operator propagator-vertex (CPV) method, each of which provides its own insight into the origin of the observed suppression in the first moment of $g_1^p$. The current status of both experiment and non-perturbative calculations is summarised. The future role of semi-inclusive DIS experiments, in both the current and target fragmentation regions, is described.

hep-ph↗

Testing Target Independence of the `Proton Spin' Effect in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering

A natural consequence of the composite operator propagator-vertex description of deep inelastic scattering developed by the authors is that the anomalous suppression observed in the flavour singlet contribution to the first moment of the polarised proton structure function $g_1^p$ (the `proton spin' problem) is not a special property of the proton structure but is a target independent effect which can be related to an anomalous suppression in the QCD topological susceptibility. In this paper, it is shown how this target independent mechanism can be tested in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering in which a pion or D meson carrying a large target energy fraction $z$ is detected in the target fragmentation region.

hep-ph↗

A Test of Target Independence of the `Proton Spin' Effect in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering

The target-independent suppression mechanism proposed as an explanation of the EMC-SMC `proton spin' effect is reviewed and compared to current experimental data. According to this proposal, the anomalous suppression observed in the first moment of the polarised proton structure function g_1^p is not a special property of the proton structure, but reflects an anomalously small value of the first moment of the QCD topological susceptibility. It is shown how this mechanism can be tested in semi-inclusive DIS processes in which a pion or D meson carrying a large target energy fraction z is detected in the target fragmentation region.

hep-ph↗

The Schrodinger Wave Functional and Vacuum State in Curved Spacetime II. Boundaries and Foliations

In a recent paper, general solutions for the vacuum wave functionals in the Schrodinger picture were given for a variety of classes of curved spacetimes. Here, we describe a number of simple examples which illustrate how the presence of spacetime boundaries influences the vacuum wave functional and how physical quantities are independent of the choice of spacetime foliation used in the Schrodinger approach despite the foliation dependence of the wave functionals themselves.

gr-qc↗

The Schrodinger Wave Functional and Vacuum States in Curved Spacetime

The Schrodinger picture description of vacuum states in curved spacetime is further developed. General solutions for the vacuum wave functional are given for both static and dynamic (Bianchi type I) spacetimes and for conformally static spacetimes of Robertson-Walker type. The formalism is illustrated for simple cosmological models with time-dependent metrics and the phenomenon of particle creation is related to a special form of the kernel in the vacuum wave functional.

hep-th↗

`Faster than light' photons and rotating black holes

The effective action for QED in curved spacetime includes equivalence principle violating interactions between the electromagnetic field and the spacetime curvature. These interactions admit the possibility of superluminal yet causal photon propagation in gravitational fields. In this paper, we extend our analysis of photon propagation in gravitational backgrounds to the Kerr spacetime describing a rotating black hole. The results support two general theorems -- a polarisation sum rule and a `horizon theorem'. The implications for the stationary limit surface bounding the ergosphere are also discussed.

gr-qc↗

``Faster than Light'' Photons in Gravitational Fields -- Causality, Anomalies and Horizons

A number of general issues relating to superluminal photon propagation in gravitational fields are explored. The possibility of superluminal, yet causal, photon propagation arises because of Equivalence Principle violating interactions induced by vacuum polarisation in QED in curved spacetime. Two general theorems are presented: first, a polarisation sum rule which relates the polarisation averaged velocity shift to the matter energy-momentum tensor and second, a `horizon theorem' which ensures that the geometric event horizon for black hole spacetimes remains a true horizon for real photon propagation in QED. A comparision is made with the equivalent results for electromagnetic birefringence and possible connections between superluminal photon propagation, causality and the conformal anomaly are exposed.

gr-qc↗

Target independence of the `proton spin' effect

Recent work by the author in collaboration with S. Narison and G. Veneziano on the EMC-SMC-SLAC `proton spin' effect is reviewed. This uses a novel approach to deep inelastic scattering in which the matrix elements arising from the OPE are factorised into composite operator propagators and proper vertices. For polarised $μp$ scattering, the composite operator propagator is equated to the square root of the first moment of the QCD topological susceptibility, $\sqrt{χ^\prime(0)}$. We evaluate $χ^\prime(0)$ using QCD spectral sum rules and find a significant suppression relative to its OZI expectation. This is identified as the source of the violation of the Ellis-Jaffe sum rule for the first moment of the polarised proton structure function $g_1^p$. Our predictions, $\int_0^1 dx g_1^p(x;Q^2=10GeV^2) = 0.143\pm 0.005$ and $ΔΣ=0.353\pm 0.052$, are in excellent agreement with the new SMC data. This supports our earlier conjecture that the suppression in the flavour singlet component of the first moment of $g_1^p$ is a target-independent feature of QCD related to the $U(1)$ anomaly and is not a special property of the proton structure.

hep-ph↗

Target Independence of the Emc-SMC Effect

An approach to deep inelastic scattering is described in which the matrix elements arising from the operator product expansion are factorised into composite operator propagators and proper vertex functions. In the case of polarised $\m p$ scattering, the composite operator propagator is identified with the square root of the QCD topological susceptibility $\sqrt{χ^{\prime}(0)}$, while the corresponding proper vertex is a renormalisation group invariant. We estimate $χ^{\prime}(0)$ using QCD spectral sum rules and find that it is significantly suppressed relative to the OZI expectation. Assuming OZI is a good approximation for the proper vertex, our predictions, $\int_{0}^{1}dx g_1^p (x;Q^2=10\GV^2)= 0.143 \pm 0.005$ and $G^{(0)}_A \equiv ΔΣ= 0.353 \pm 0.052$, are in excellent agreement with the new SMC data. This result, together with one confirming the validity of the OZI rule in the $\hp$ radiative decay, supports our earlier conjecture that the suppression in the flavour singlet component of the first moment of $g_1^p$ observed by the EMC-SMC collaboration is a target-independent feature of QCD related to the $U(1)$ anomaly and is not a property of the proton structure. As a corollary, we extract the magnitude of higher twist effects from the neutron and Bjorken sum rules.

hep-ph↗

Faster than light' photons and charged black holes

Photons propagating in curved spacetime may, depending on their direction and polarisation, have velocities exceeding the ``speed of light'' c. This phenomenon arises through vacuum polarisation in QED and is a tidal gravitational effect depending on the local curvature. It implies that the Principle of Equivalence does not hold for interacting quantum field theories in curved spacetime and reflects a quantum violation of local Lorentz invariance. These results are illustrated for the propagation of photons in the Reissner-Nordström spacetime characterising a charged black hole. A general analysis of electromagnetic as well as gravitational birefringence is presented.

hep-th↗