arXiv subjects

G. Pelletier

Publications and source records attributed to G. Pelletier.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2001

Pair creation at shocks. Application to the high energy emission of compact objects

We investigate the effect of pair creation on a shock structure. Particles, accelerated in the shock via the first order Fermi process, are supposed to cool by inverse Compton process on external soft photons, resulting in a cut-off power law shape of the particle distribution function. The high energy photons produced are thus able to create pairs, through photon-photon annihilation. The increase of the pair pressure may then be sufficient to modify the shock profile. We show that there is even a limit of the pair pressure (of the order of 20% of the ram pressure of the upstream flow) above which the shock cannot exist any longer. Conversely, significant changes of the flow velocity profile will also modify the spectral index and the high energy cut--off of the particle distribution function. Hence the number of particles able to trigger the pair creation process will change, modifying the pair creation rate accordingly. Taking into account these different processes, we self-consistently derive the flow velocity profile and the particle distribution function. We show that, in some region of the parameter space, the system can converge towards stationary states where pair creation and hydrodynamical effects balance. We discuss the application of this model to explain the high energy emission observed in compact objects. We show that hard X-ray spectra ($α_{X}< 1.$) are only obtained for small pair pressure and we don't expect any strong annihilation line in this case. We suggest also a possible variability mechanism if the soft photon compactness depends itself on the pair density of the hot plasma, such as expected in reillumination models.

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arXiv2001

Pair Creation at Shocks: Application to the High Energy Emission of Compact objects

We investigate the effect of pair creation on a shock structure. Actually, particles accelerated by a shock can be sufficiently energetic to boost, via Inverse Compton (IC) process for example, surrounding soft photons above the rest mass electron energy and thus to trigger the pair creation process. The increase of the associated pair pressure is thus able to disrupt the plasma flow and possibly, for too high pressure, to smooth it completely. Reversely, significant changes of the flow velocity profile may modify the distribution function of the accelerated particles, modifying consequently the pair creation rate. Stationary states are then obtained by solving self-consistently for the particle distribution function and the flow velocity profile. We discuss our results and the application of these processes to the high energy emission and variability of compact objects.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2000

Pair Creation at Shocks: Application to Agns

We investigate the effect of pair creation on a shock structure. Actually, particles accelerated by a shock can be sufficiently energetic to boost, via Inverse Compton process for example, surrounding soft photons above the rest mass electron energy and thus to trigger the pair creation process. The increase of the associated pair pressure is thus able to disrupt the plasma flow and possibly, for too high pressure, to smooth it completely. Reversely, significant changes of the flow velocity profile may modify the distribution function of the accelerated particles in such a way that the number of particles enable to trigger the pair creation process may change, modifying consequently the pair creation rate. We propose here, using simplifying assumptions, to study the global behavior of a shock structure in an environment dominated by pairs.

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arXiv1999

Active Galactic Nuclei as High Energy Engines

Active Galactic Nuclei are considered as possible sites of cosmic ray acceleration and some of them have been observed as high energy gamma ray emitters (Blazars). There naturally comes an appealing idea that the acceleration of the highest energy cosmic rays in the AGNs has a signature in the form of gamma ray emission and high energy neutrino emission through the collisions of very high energy protons with soft photons. Moreover it is often said that electrons cannot reach enough energy through Fermi acceleration to account for the highest energy photons observed with ground Cerenkov telescopes. In this paper, we discussed these points and show that the fast variability of the flares recently observed rules out the assumption of a Fermi acceleration of protons. We show that Fermi acceleration of electrons is enough to account for the gamma spectra, their shape, cut-off and their variability. Moreover the spectral break is nicely explained by invoking an gamma-ray photosphere. Nevertheless we give estimates of the high energy cosmic ray generation in AGNs and of the resultant neutrino flux, that turns out to be very sensitive to the spectral index of the proton distribution.

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arXiv1997

Anisotropic illumination of AGN's accretion disk by a non thermal source : I General theory and application to the Newtonian geometry

We present a model of accretion disk where the disk luminosity is entirely due to the reprocessing of hard radiation impinging on the disk. The hard radiation itself is emitted by a hot point source above the disk, that could be physically realized by a strong shock terminating an aborted jet. This hot source contains ultrarelativistic leptons scattering the disk soft photons by Inverse Compton (IC) process. Using a simple formula to describe the IC process in an anisotropic photon field, we derive a self-consistent angular distribution of soft and hard radiation in the Newtonian geometry. The radial profile of the disk effective temperature is also univoquely determined. The high energy spectrum can be calculated for a given lepton distribution. This offers an alternative picture to the standard accretion disk emission law. We discuss the application of this model to Active Galactic Nuclei, either for reproducing individual spectra, or for predicting new scaling laws that fit better the observed statistical properties.

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arXiv1997

High Energy Plasma Physics in Black Hole Environment with Jets

The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory revealed the high energy emission of some Active Galactic Nuclei called "Blazars"; few of them have also been observed by ground Cererenkov arrays. Those sources observed with Whipple Observatory emit gamma rays up to few TeV. From the spectral data and variability measurements, a purely electrodynamical description of this emission can be proposed, provided that it comes from relativistic flares at the beginning of the jet. Because of the source compacity, the creation of electron-positron pairs and their escape from the black hole environment could likely explain the shape of the spectra. A plasma dominated by relativistic electrons (positrons) close to equipartition with the magnetic field is a suitable acceleration medium that can account for both the required high Lorentz factors and the short variability.

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