arXiv subjects

G. Sardin

Publications and source records attributed to G. Sardin.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2010

Beyond the Fundamentals of Special Relativity: Full Lorentz gamma factor

Special relativity calculates, by means of the Lorentz gamma factor, the proper time of all inertial systems from the observer proper time, which is taken as a time standard. So, any temporal inference relies in first instance on the observer own time. The question is thus: what fixes the observer proper time? This will be the crucial point debated here. This implies analyzing at the very first why the observer can be taken as a motionless reference in spite of being himself inertial. Is this just an approximation, and if so, up to what extent can it be applied? The framework of special relativity is compared to an amended form in which the fact of taking himself as a reference does not allow the observer to overlook its own kinetics. So, the issue stands on which of two formulations of the Lorentz gamma factor is the most accurate one: its standard expression or an amended one which takes into account the fact that the observer is himself inertial, while the former disregards it. When the observer speed is ignored, the two formulations become identical. Hence, the standard relativistic expression of gamma can be seen as an approximation applicable when the observer motion is null or low, such as it is the instance on Earth.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2009

The proton gyromagnetic g-factor: an electromagnetic model

So far, the Standard Model of Elementary Particles has not succeeded getting a trustworthy account of the proton spin, which remains an enigma. This hindrance is known as the proton spin crisis, owing to the experimental evidence already from 1988 suggesting that little or none of the proton spin would come from the spin of the quarks. This prompted theorists to a flood of guessworks about the proton spin. Since it remains unsolved, in the framework of new physics an exploratory approach based on a novel paradigm is proposed, which brings a renewed access to this challenge, through its reciprocal relationship with the g-factor.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2008

Full Nexus between Newtonian and Relativistic Mechanics

A full nexus between Newtonian and relativistic mechanics is set. Contrarily to what is commonly thought, Newtonian mechanics can be amended to suit all speeds up to c. It is demonstrated that when introducing the fact that the pulse of oscillators, i.e. emitters and clocks, is sensitive to speed, the Newtonian framework can be extended to all speeds. For this aim, it is formulated the concept of actor scenario vs. observer scenario. This differentiation is essential to avoid confusion between effective reality (actor scenario) and appearance (observer scenario). Measurements are subjected to kinematical aberrations, the observer scenario being inertial. These must be removed to attain intrinsic reality, i.e. that of actors. The lack of demarcation between the two scenarios leads to conceptual confusions. The amended Newtonian mechanics is of full application. Here, it has been mainly applied to the Newtonian Doppler effect, amended to suit all speeds.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2005

Nature and Quantization of the Proton Mass: An Electromagnetic Model

A method for quantization of the proton mass is here addressed, which provides a plausible explanation for the origin of mass and leads to the unification of mass and electric charge through their coupling. By means of an electromagnetic approach, the calculated mass of the proton closely approximates its experimental value and does so with dependence on a single parameter. That is to say, the proposed fundamental system provides a way to comprehend the source of mass as a property of the structure of elementary particles. It brings a new tool to the task of gaining insight into the proton mass and to unravelling the enigma of proton stability. The inner energy of elementary particles, or equivalently their mass, is surmised here to have electrodynamic roots, deriving from the dynamics of a single or pair of electric charge(s) shaping out their structure. Mass appears as the quantized balance of two inner energies which conform collapsing action and retentive reaction. Charge and mass are not taken as independent entities as in the traditional mode, instead mass appears as a by-product of the charge structural dynamics, as does the magnetic moment. The proposed model clearly requires a degree of willingness to consider possibilities not accounted for within the framework of the Standard Model. So, this proposal is addressed to those who are open to inspect a different look at the structure of elementary particles and disposed to compare the two approaches, standing out of doctrinal captivity.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2004

Breaking symmetry through speed-induced beam-deflection via centrifugation of the light source

The experiment proposed aims to evidence and to measure the deflection of light rays induced by the source speed upon emission, and to discern it from the aberration of light rays induced by the observer speed. The method stands in creating a speed asymmetry between that of the source and that of the observer, and relies on the centrifugation of a light source at ultrahigh speed. When source and observer have the same speed, such as when being both on the same inertial system, the deflection and the aberration compensate and their net effect is null. So, in order to circumscribe the odds of inertial systems and to isolate these speed-induced effects it has instead been appealed to a centrifugal system, since it allows infringing symmetry between the source and the observer speeds. Three cases are considered. (a) Centrifugation of the source fixed at one end of the rotor arm, while the detector is fixed on the rotor axis. This configuration of the experiment aims to unveil that due to the peripheral speed of the source the beam is deflected forward, so it impinges on the centric detector slightly shifted from its position when the system was not rotating. (b) The positions of the source and the detector are interchanged, so the source peripheral speed is then null and thus no speed-induced deflection ensues, but due to the observer peripheral speed there is a speed-induced aberration since during the beam time-of-flight the detector has slightly moved side-way. However, this time the spot shifts in opposite direction and hence the effect of centrifugation is not reciprocal. (c) The source and the detector are fixed at the two ends of the rotor arms. In this case the beam deflection and aberration add, since their speed vectors have opposite directions and each shift of the spot on the detector is double since the time-of-flight is double.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2004

Bradley-Sardin telecentric telescope for enhanced detection of the aberration of stellar light

A telescope specifically designed for the observation of the stellar aberration of light is proposed. It is distinctive in two main features: a lengthy collimated beam and an adjustable position of the photo-detector along the telescope axis, so the beam length-of-flight can be varied from zero to the telescope total length. This is achieved by means of a telecentric objective projecting the collimated beam up to a movable CCD camera. The spot position on a high-resolution photo-detector array is recorded, and the data are transferred to a computer and treated by a beam analyser software. The telescope aims to measure with high accuracy the aberration of stellar light due to the earth orbital motion. An alternative would consist of fixing the telecentric objective at the top of a cliff by means of an anti-vibration clamp with a high-precision directional mount. The detector would be fixed on a micrometric positioner, placed on the foot of the cliff at the beam position of fall. This way, the beam time-of-flight can be considerably increased, and hence the subsequent spot shift. For a beam length of 300 m the resulting shift would be of 30 mm, and so in a year the spot would describe a circle of 60 mm diameter. Optionally, a diode laser may be fixed at the centre of the telescope objective in order to contrast the behaviour of local and stellar light.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2004

Testing Lorentz symmetry of special relativity by means of the Virgo or Ligo set-up, through the differential measure of the two orthogonal beams time-of-flight

A novel experiment to test special relativity via Lorentz symmetry has become factible thanks to three recent technological achievements: huge Michelson-like set-up with arms 3 km long (Virgo) and 4 km (Ligo) with beam paths respectively reaching 120 km and 200 km through multiple reflections, ultrashort laser pulses of 10-15 s and ultrafast detectors of 10-12 s resolution. The alliance of these three elements would allow checking the equality of the time-of-flight of the two orthogonal beams with a resolution high enough to allow prospecting in a novel way the equivalency of inertial system postulated in special relativity. In effect, for a beam path length of 120 or 200 km and a net drift velocity of earth of 370 km/s relative to the cosmic microwave background CMB), a classical analysis predicts a time-of-flight difference of the order of 10 ns between the two orthogonal beams, while relativity infers them to be equal. So, what is under scrutiny is the exhaustivity of the electromagnetic equivalency of inertial systems. A null time-of-flight difference would strengthen the Lorentz symmetry, while a non null result would bring a threshold to the equivalency of inertial systems and at the same time would provide a tool to define their speed, which should be equal to that relative to the CMB for being congruent.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2004

First and second order electromagnetic equivalency of inertial systems, based on the wavelength and the period as speed-dependant units of length and time

The cause for first and second order electromagnetic equivalency of inertial systems is approached from a different point of view than that of special relativity. While special relativity applies dilatation to time and contraction to space itself, the proposed framework applies restrictively these effects to the units of space and time, embodied in the beam wavelength and period, as perceived on the inertial system due to the Doppler effect. It is not space and time themselves that would actually vary but the electromagnetic units of space and time constituted by the wavelength and period. Mathematical constructs accept indifferently both setting out, which provide identical results, so their valuation must be made on physical grounds. The reader is invited to ponder on interpreting physical reality through the contraction of space and dilatation of time or through the variation of the natural units of space and time provided by the wavelength and the period. These two issues, mathematically equivalent, lead however to drastically different conceptions of the physical world.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2004

A dual set-up based on Bradley's aberration of light, using simultaneously stellar and local light sources

A dual optical set-up is proposed to detect simultaneously the different behavior of light from stellar and local sources, in relation to speed-induced aberration. A small laser is set at the center of the objective lens of a telescope, allowing to record at once the two spots on an array detector. Their positions are recorded during a yearly earth orbit, so stellar aberration can be visualized as a tiny circle. But no aberration has been observed from local sources, hence the laser spot should remain still. The simultaneous recording of both spots allows highlighting their different behavior. Einstein related aberration to the transverse speed between light source and observer, and since for local sources it is null, no aberration ensues. Despite this explanation conforms with the correct result for local sources, it cannot however be retained since stellar aberration does not vary although relative speed differs for each star. Consequently, the null transverse velocity cannot be considered the cause of the null aberration from local sources. A causal approach to this different behavior between stellar and local light is advanced, based on the combined effects of a speed-induced deflection of emitted light rays and a speed-induced aberration upon detection.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2004

A causal approach to first-order optical equivalency of inertial systems, by means of a beam-pointing test-experiment based on speed-induced deflection of light

Within the framework of test-experiments, an original pointing set-up based on speed-induced deflection of a light-beam and using a high-resolution opto-electronic array as a position detector, is proposed. The device would provide a new way to ratify the first order optical equivalency of inertial systems and to sound its causal groundwork. The type of test provided applies to any device using beams, but here it has been adapted for an up-dated check-up of Michelson's experiment and to bear out the interpretation derived from its null result. Rather than searching for a speed-induced phase-shift as Michelson's experiment was conceived for, the present set-up would instead detect any deviation from first-order equivalency through any speed-induced lateral-shift between the two split beams on recombining. In effect, any eventual slight shift would affect the beam path and hence the interferometric performances. Taking into account the conceptual transcendence of the deductions derived from this experiment and that it constitutes, through the invariance of its result, one of the most relevant historical experimental proofs considered to back the theory of special relativity, and in particular its first postulate on the exhaustive equivalency of inertial systems, it cannot be superfluous to carefully update its performances and the derived deductions. So, the presence as well as the absence of speed-induced beam deflection have been considered, and their respective implications analyzed and related to the null result of this archetypal interferometric experiment, which is still much adequate for a conceptual analysis. A causal approach to the first-order optical equivalency of inertial systems is advanced.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2001

Fundamentals of the Orbital Conception of Elementary Particles and of their Application to the Neutron and Nuclear Structure

An alternative approach to the Standard Model is outlined, being motivated by the increasing theoretical and experimental difficulties encountered by this model, which furthermore fails to be unitary. In particular, the conceptual uneasiness generated by the excessive multiplicity of fundamental elements of the Quark Model, 36 different quarks whose cohesion needs 8 different types of gluons, has logically led some physicists to propose a variety of quark substructures in an effort to reach unity. In order to avoid the forward escape corresponding to the attribution of a substructure to quarks and to stand away from the conceptual strangling to which the Standard model has led, we have instead opted for different fundamentals. These, in contrast to those of the Standard Model, are extremely simple and based on the assumption of a single fundamental corpuscle, of dual manifestation as corpuscle and anticorpuscle, to which is always associated an orbital that determines the structure of particles. In such a frame particles differentiate through the diversity of quantum states of their structuring orbital, in contrast to the strategy used by the Standard Model based instead on the particle's multiplicity of composition through the variety of the quark's content, furthermore limited to hadrons. Instead the orbital conception of particles is unitary, unifying all of them as well as their interactions. As an outstanding feature, nuclear forces derive from the neutron orbital structure, based on a proton core and a shell. This shell constitutes the cohesive element of nuclear structure.

hep-ph↗