arXiv subjects

G. V. Sotnikov

Publications and source records attributed to G. V. Sotnikov.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Electron energy gain in a dielectric laser accelerator as a function of the base angle of a triangular grating structure

Dielectric laser accelerators (DLAs) represent a compact and cost-effective alternative to conventional RF accelerators. Despite the various grating geometries already studied, a comprehensive investigation of triangular profiles, particularly the effect of the base angle of the saw-tooth grating profile, remains insufficient. This paper presents the results of numerical particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of electron acceleration in DLAs based on double gratings with a triangular profile. One of the gratings, onto which the laser beam is incident, is transparent, while the second grating was either transparent or reflective for the laser pulse. The geometry of the first grating was fixed. A systematic study was conducted on the influence of the base angle of the second grating ($α= 5^\circ - 44^\circ$), its spatial orientation, the presence of a reflective gold coating, and the shape of the incident laser pulse (plane wave versus Gaussian profile) on the acceleration rate. The results reveal a complex interplay between these parameters. For an electron beam with an initial energy of 10 MeV, a maximum accelerating rate of 345 MeV/m was achieved for the structure with a left-handed reflective grating and a base angle of $α= 10^\circ$ when excited by a Gaussian pulse. Under plane-wave excitation, the left-handed reflective grating with $α= 25^\circ$ provided a rate of 325 MeV/m. It is shown that for single-bunch injection, nearly the maximum energy gain can be attained within a temporal window of 0.5 fs. The obtained results provide a quantitative basis for optimizing DLA designs with triangular gratings, highlighting the significant role of the saw-tooth profile base angle and the grating type in achieving high rates for next-generation accelerators.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2026

Wakefield Acceleration in a Layered Plasma Waveguide

Plasma wakefield accelerators (PWFA) represent one of the promising new accelerator concepts that are now being developed intensively for future applications in high-energy physics and industry. Among the unresolved problems of practical implementation of PWFA there are maintaining the required quality (emittance, size, energy spread of bunches) and stable transportation of drive and accelerated (witness) bunches over long acceleration distances. For improving the bunch transport, we propose to fill the bunch transport channel with the background plasma, the density of which is lower than the main plasma density building up an accelerating wake wave. We call this waveguide structure a layered plasma waveguide (LPW). The wakefield excitation by a regular sequence of electron bunches in the LPW of cylindrical configuration has been explored both analytically and numerically. The layered plasma has been modeled as a combination of a tubular plasma and a plasma column of significantly different densities. The plasma column has a lower density. The dispersion dependencies of the TM-modes of the LPW was obtained and analyzed, and it was found that there was a single TM wave resonant with the electron bunch. Based on the obtained analytical expressions, the structures of the axial and radial wakefield amplitudes have been numerically investigated for the cases of a single drive bunch and a regular train of bunches. It is shown that for certain density ratios of the outer and inner plasmas, it is possible both to accelerate and focus simultaneously the drive and witness bunches. The 2.5D particle-in-cell code was used to simulate the witness acceleration of an electron bunch by a wakefield created by drive electron bunches in a two-layer plasma wakefield accelerator. The simulation showed good agreement with the results of analytical calculations.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2025

A compact, easy-to-use leak detector for vacuum systems based on the MQ-8 sensor

This paper presents the development of a compact leak detector for vacuum systems that operates using hydrogen as a tracer gas, detected by a semiconductor MQ-8 sensor. The sensor is connected to an Arduino microcontroller, enabling digital signal processing and real-time visualization through the Processing software environment. The designed device is capable of detecting even small hydrogen leaks caused by imperfect sealing of vacuum connections. It is characterized by simplicity, low manufacturing cost, and suitability for laboratory use as an alternative to helium leak detectors. Experimental tests confirmed the effectiveness and stability of the developed leak detector during long-term measurements.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2025

Acceleration gradients in dielectric laser accelerators with triangular-shaped gratings

The study investigated transparent on-chip structures with a rectangular profile and triangular profiles with grating ridge base angles of $α= 36^\circ$, $30^\circ$, and $20^\circ$. Each triangular structure had both left- and right-handed profile orientations. For all variants, a modified version with a reflective gold coating was additionally considered. The maximum energy gains and accelerating gradients were determined and quantified for all structure classes: transparent and reflective (with both rectangular and triangular profiles).

physics.optics↗

arXiv2025

Prism-based compensation of group delay dispersion in the components of a femtosecond laser resonator and analysis of the influence of prism configuration on laser radiation parameters

A mathematical algorithm is described for calculating the minimum distance between prisms and the allowable prism insertion depth into the laser beam when solving the general problem of intracavity group delay dispersion (GDD) compensation. GDD is caused by the optical elements of the master oscillator in a femtosecond laser system. The calculation was carried out using analytical and geometrical methods. The influence of changing the distance between the prisms and the depth of their insertion into the laser beam on the GDD compensation has been investigated. Under experimental conditions, this changes the Q-factor of the laser resonator, which determines the central wavelength of the radiation and its spectral width in a titanium-sapphire laser.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2025

Theory of wakefield in a transversely inhomogeneous plasma waveguide

Theoretical studies have been made into the relativistic drive bunch generation of a wakefield in a cylindrical waveguide filled with a transversely inhomogeneous plasma. According to the model used, the transversely inhomogeneous plasma is considered as a combination of tubular plasma and the plasma background of different density. Analytical expressions have been derived for the excited radial and axial electric field components, and for the azimuthal magnetic field component. The dispersion of the plasma waveguide under study, as well as the topography of the electromagnetic field components of the TM-eigenwaves, resonant with the bunch, have been investigated. Longitudinal and transverse amplitude distribution structures of the axial and radial wakefields have been determined. Spectrum analysis of the longitudinal and transverse wakefields has been performed with the result that their frequency content has been determined.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2024

Comparative Analysis of Simulation Results of Dielectric Laser Acceleration of Non-relativistic Electrons in Transparent and Reflective Periodic Structures

To support of our experimental studies on dielectric laser acceleration, numerical studies of laser acceleration of nonrelativistic electrons with the initial energy of 33.9 keV in transparent and reflective periodic structures are car-ried out. On the basis of computer simulations, the acceleration rates of electrons and the quality of their beams after acceleration in compact structures of different configurations were determined and compared. Prospective acceleration schemes are proposed, in particular with reflective periodic structures, which can provide higher rates of electron acceleration in periodic structures than in previously obtained studies.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2024

Comparative Analysis of Electron Acceleration by Laser Pulse in Flat and Chip Dielectric Structures

A comparative analysis of two types of dielectric laser accelerators (DLA) based on periodic (grating) and flat dielectric structures to accelerate electrons in the energy range from 300 keV to 3 GeV is presented. The main attention is paid to the conditions, efficiency and restrictions of each acceleration method, as well as the influence of laser radiation parameters on electron acceleration processes. Single and double (both grating and flat) dielectric structures and their impact on acceleration are considered. For the study of two types of quartz DLA, the Ti:Sa laser system with a generation band width 790-810 nm (FWHM), the laser electric field 6 GeV/m are used. The study showed that a flat dielectric structure provides more effective acceleration in a wide range of energies, especially with a symmetrical geometry (double structures), compared with the periodic structure. If we consider only a periodic structure, then with the selected symmetrical geometry, for the ultra relativistic electrons, it demonstrates the acceleration rate two times of magnitude more than for single configuration. However, the use of a one-sided periodic structure turns out to be preferable for accelerating electrons with moderate energies, ~0.5-0.9 MeV, where the acceleration rate in a one-sided configuration is higher than in a symmetric (double) periodic structure. The space-time distributions of laser-excited electromagnetic fields in the accelerating channel and their influence on the electron beam is analyzed also. The advantage of a flat structure over a periodic one, which arises due to the design features of the corresponding dielectric accelerators, is discussed.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2023

Bunch-excited wakefield in dielectric waveguide with hollow plasma channel

Wakefield excitation by a single relativistic electron bunch in a plasma-dielectric accelerating structure has been studied both analytically and numerically. The structure represents a dielectric-loaded cylindrical metal waveguide, which has partially plasma-filled channel (the hollow plasma channel) to transport charged particles. Assuming the linear regime of excitation, analytical expressions have been derived for the longitudinal and radial wakefields generated by a finite-size electron bunch. Axial profiles of wakefield component amplitudes have been studied, and their mode and spectrum analyses have been performed. Furthermore, the electron bunch-driven wakefield excitation has been PIC-simulated numerically for the quasi-linear regime. The comparative analysis of the data resulting from analytical studies and the ones obtained by numerical simulation has demonstrated qualitative agreement between the results.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2021

Theory of wakefields excited by an off-axis drive bunch in a plasma-dielectric waveguide

A linear theory of a wakefield excitation in a plasma-dielectric accelerating structure by a drive electron bunch in the case of an off-axis bunch injection has been constructed. The structure under investigation is a round dielectric-loaded metal waveguide with a channel for the charged particles, filled with homogeneous cold plasma. Derived theory was used to investigate numerically the spatial distribution of the bunch-excited wakefield components, which act on both the drive and witness bunches.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2021

Acceleration and focusing of positron bunch in a dielectric waveguide accelerator with homogeneous plasma in transport channel

The paper presents the results of numerical PIC-simulation of positron bunch focusing when acceleration in a plasma dielectric wakefield accelerator. The wakefield was excited by drive electron bunch in quartz dielectric tube, embedded in cylindrical metal waveguide. The internal area of dielectric tube has been filled with radially homogeneous plasma having in general case the vacuum channel along waveguide axis. Results of numerical PIC simulation have shown that it is possible a simultaneous acceleration and focusing of test positron bunch in the wakefield. The dependence of transport and acceleration of positron bunch on size of vacuum channel and waveguide length is studied.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2019

BBU instability in rectangular dielectric resonator

Studies were made into the arise and an evolution of the beam breakup (BBU) instability in a rectangular dielectric resonator under excitation by a sequence of relativistic electron bunches. The dielectric resonator is a metal rectangular waveguide $R_{26}$ $(45mm\times 90mm)$ with Teflon dielectric slabs $8.2mm$ thick (dielectric constant $\varepsilon=2.051$) located along the wide side of the resonator. The wavelength of the $LM_{21}$ operating mode having a symmetric profile of the longitudinal electric field component is $53.2mm$. The electron energy of bunches is $4.5MeV$ , the charge of each bunch is $6.4nC$, the bunch repetition period is equal to twice the wavelength of the $LM_{21}$ mode. By the use of numerical PIC simulations, the charge losses of electron bunches on the dielectric plates were investigated as the bunches were displaced relative to the cavity axis. It is found that the charge losses on the dielectric slabs due to the BBU instability do not exceed $5\%$. When the bunch repetition period is changed to a multiple of another eigenfrequency (e.g., the $LM_{11}$ mode), the charge losses of drive bunches do not change appreciably.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2019

Focusing of Drive and Test Bunches in a Dielectric Waveguide Filled with Inhomogeneous Plasma

The paper presents the results of numerical PIC-simulation of accelerated and drive bunches dynamics in a dielectric waveguide filled with radially inhomogeneous plasma. The wakefield was excited by the electron bunch in a quartz (permittivity 3.75) dielectric tube with outer and inner diameters of 1.2 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively, which was nested into a cylindrical metallic waveguide. The drive bunch characteristics were chosen to be: 5 GeV for electron energy, 3 nC for the charge, 0.2 mm - the bunch length, 0.9 mm - the bunch diameter. The accelerated bunch had the same parameters, except for the charge, which was equal to 0.3 nC. The interior of the waveguide was filled with plasma having different transverse density profiles, viz., the density profile formed in the capillary discharge, and the radially nonuniform density profile with the vacuum channel along the waveguide axis. For all the cases under study the plasma density was low, so that the plasma frequency was lower than the fundamental dielectric mode frequency. The obtained PIC-simulation data have shown that the vacuum channel in the inhomogeneous plasma cylinder improves the accelerated bunch focusing. There is the optimum vacuum-channel size value, at which the focusing turns out to be the strongest. The improvement in the accelerated bunch focusing is accompanied by the decrease in the accelerating gradient as compared with the full plasma filling of the drift channel. The best acceleration takes place in the absence of plasma; however in that case the test bunch focusing does not occur.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2017

The Dielectric Wakefield Resonator Accelerator

We report preliminary studies of a three-channel, rectangular, high gradient dielectric wakefield accelerator element, which, unlike the collinear cylindrical dielectric wakefield device, does not suffer from low transformer ratio and may offer relief from the beam breakup instability. When configured as a resonator (DWR), it can be driven by a series of modest-charge drive bunches. This rectangular 'mode-locked' resonator consists of three channels lined with low-loss dielectric slabs: the central wider channel is the drive bunch channel, whereas two adjacent narrow channels are used to accelerate electron and/or positron bunches; this provides a favorable transformer ratio. At the moment when, after reflecting from the resonator exit, the wakefield returns to the resonator entrance, the next bunch is injected into the resonator entrance. The length of the resonator is also chosen to be a multiple of half the desired wakefield wavelength. The rectangular geometry permits superposition of harmonics of wakefields in the resonator. The short length of the device and its planar configuration should allow management of beam breakup, and a lengthy drive bunch train can be dynamically stabilized by using a series of DWR units rotated about the $z$-axis in $90^{\circ}$ increments.

physics.acc-ph↗