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G. Vitiello

Publications and source records attributed to G. Vitiello.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2018

Dynamics of zero-point energy and two-slit phenomena for photons

An earlier forward and backward in time formalism developed by us to discuss non-relativistic electron diffraction is generalized to the relativistic case and here applied to photons. We show how naturally the zero-point energy emerges in the Planck black-body spectrum once symmetric in time motion - inherent in the Maxwell equations - is invoked for photons. Then, a detailed study is made of two-slit experiments for photons and some novel phenomena, amenable to experiments, are proposed, that arise due to the spin of the photon.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2018

On the canonical quantization of the electromagnetic field and the emergence of gauge invariance

In the framework of the canonical quantization of the electromagnetic field, we impose as primary condition on the dynamics the positive definiteness of the energy spectrum. This implies that (Glauber) coherent states have to be considered for the longitudinal and the scalar photon fields. As a result we obtain that the relation holds which in the traditional approach is called the Gupta-Bleuler condition. Gauge invariance emerges as a property of the physical states. The group structure of the theory is recognized to be the one of $SU(2) \otimes SU(1,1)$.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2017

Geometric phase of neutrinos: differences between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos

We analize the non-cyclic geometric phase for neutrinos. We find that the geometric phase and the total phase associated to the mixing phenomenon provide a tool to distinguish between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos. Our results hold for neutrinos propagating in vacuum and through the matter. Future experiments, based on interferometry, could reveal the nature of neutrinos.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2017

Water-mediated correlations in DNA-enzyme interactions

In this paper we consider dipole-mediated correlations between DNA and enzymes in the context of their water environment. Such correlations emerge from electric dipole-dipole interactions between aromatic ring structures in DNA and in enzymes. We show that there are matching collective modes between DNA and enzyme dipole fields, and that a dynamic time-averaged polarization vanishes in the water dipole field only if either DNA, enzyme, or both are absent from the sample. This persistent field may serve as the electromagnetic image that, in popular colloquialisms about DNA biochemistry, allows enzymes to "scan" or "read" the double helix. Topologically nontrivial configurations in the coherent ground state requiring clamplike enzyme behavior on the DNA may stem, ultimately, from spontaneously broken gauge symmetries.

physics.bio-ph↗
arXiv2015

Geometric phase and its applications to fundamental physics

We report on recent results showing that the geometric phase can be used as a tool in the analysis of many different physical systems, as mixed boson systems, CPT and CP violations, Unruh effects and thermal states. We show that the geometric phases appearing in the time evolution of mixed meson systems like $B_{s}^{0}-\bar{B}_{s}^{0}$ and the $K^{0}-\bar{K}^{0}$ are linked to the parameter $z$ describing the $CPT$ violation. A non zero phase difference between particle and antiparticle arises only in the presence of $CPT$ symmetry breaking. Then the geometric phase can represent a completely new test for the $CPT$ invariance. Moreover, we study the geometric phase of systems represented by mixed state and undergoing a nonunitary evolution and propose the realization of interferometers which can prove the existence of the Unruh effect and can allow very precise measurements of temperature. We are glad to dedicate this paper to Professor Gaetano Vilasi in the occasion of his 70th birthday.

hep-th↗
arXiv2015

Probing mixing of photons and axion-like particles by geometric phase

We find that a geometric phase characterizes the phenomenon of mixing of photons with axion-like particles (ALPs). The laboratory observation of such a phase may provide a novel tool able to detect such a mixing phenomenon. We show that the geometric phase is dependent on the axion-like particle mass and coupling constant. We discuss an interferometric experiment able to detect the geometric phase associated to the ALPs-photon mixing.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2015

Vacuum condensate, geometric phase, Unruh effect and temperature measurement

In our previous work it has been shown the possibility to use the Aharonov-Anandan invariant as a tool in the analysis of disparate systems, including Hawking and Unruh effects, as well as graphene physics and thermal states. We show that the vacuum condensation, characterizing such systems, is also related with geometric phases and we analyze the properties of the geometric phase of systems represented by mixed state and undergoing a nonunitary evolution. In particular, we consider two level atoms accelerated by an external potential and interacting with a thermal state. We propose the realization of Mach-Zehnder interferometers which can prove the existence of the Unruh effect and can allow very precise measurements of temperature.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2013

Self-similarity properties of nafionized and filtered water and deformed coherent states

By resorting to measurements of physically characterizing observables of water samples perturbed by the presence of Nafion and by iterative filtration processes, we discuss their scale free, self-similar fractal properties. By use of algebraic methods the isomorphism is proved between such self-similarity features and the deformed coherent state formalism.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2011

Cortical phase transitions, non-equilibrium thermodynamics and the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation

The formation of amplitude modulated and phase modulated assemblies of neurons is observed in the brain functional activity. The study of the formation of such structures requires that the analysis has to be organized in hierarchical levels, microscopic, mesoscopic, macroscopic, each with its characteristic space-time scales and the various forms of energy, electric, chemical, thermal produced and used by the brain. In this paper, we discuss the microscopic dynamics underlying the mesoscopic and the macroscopic levels and focus our attention on the thermodynamics of the non-equilibrium phase transitions. We obtain the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation for the non-stationary regime and consider the formation of topologically non-trivial structures such as the vortex solution. The power laws observed in functional activities of the brain is also discussed and related to coherent states characterizing the many-body dissipative model of brain.

physics.bio-ph↗
arXiv2011

Gauge theory and two level systems

We consider the time evolution of a two level system (a two level atom or a qubit) and show that it is characterized by a local (in time) gauge invariant evolution equation. The covariant derivative operator is constructed and related to the free energy. We show that the gauge invariant characterization of the time evolution of the two level system is analogous to the birefringence phenomenon in optics. The relation with Berry-like and Anandan--Aharonov phase is pointed out. Finally, we discuss entropy, environment effects and the distance in projective Hilbert space between two level states in their evolution.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2010

DNA waves and water

Some bacterial and viral DNA sequences have been found to induce low frequency electromagnetic waves in high aqueous dilutions. This phenomenon appears to be triggered by the ambient electromagnetic background of very low frequency. We discuss this phenomenon in the framework of quantum field theory. A scheme able to account for the observations is proposed. The reported phenomenon could allow to develop highly sensitive detection systems for chronic bacterial and viral infections.

q-bio.OT↗
arXiv2009

Dissipation and quantization for composite systems

In the framework of 't Hooft's quantization proposal, we show how to obtain from the composite system of two classical Bateman's oscillators a quantum isotonic oscillator. In a specific range of parameters, such a system can be interpreted as a particle in an effective magnetic field, interacting through a spin-orbit interaction term. In the limit of a large separation from the interaction region one can describe the system in terms of two irreducible elementary subsystems which correspond to two independent quantum harmonic oscillators.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2008

On flavor violation for massive and mixed neutrinos

We discuss flavor charges and states for interacting mixed neutrinos in QFT. We show that the Pontecorvo states are not eigenstates of the flavor charges. This implies that their use in describing the flavor neutrinos produces a violation of lepton charge conservation in the production/detection vertices. The flavor states defined as eigenstates of the flavor charges give the correct representation of mixed neutrinos in charged current weak interaction processes.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2008

Dark energy and particle mixing

We show that the vacuum condensate due to particle mixing is responsible of a dynamically evolving dark energy. In particular, we show that values of the adiabatic index close to -1 for vacuum condensates of neutrinos and quarks imply, at the present epoch, contributions to the vacuum energy compatible with the estimated upper bound on the dark energy.

hep-th↗
arXiv2007

Neutrino mixing, flavor states and dark energy

We shortly summarize the quantum field theory formalism for the neutrino mixing and report on recent results showing that the vacuum condensate induced by neutrino mixing can be interpreted as a dark energy component of the Universe.

hep-th↗
arXiv2007

Flavor states of mixed neutrinos

By resorting to previous results on flavor mixing in Quantum Field Theory, we show how to consistently define flavor states of mixed neutrinos as eigenstates of the flavor charge operators.

hep-ph↗