arXiv subjects

Gabriela Araujo-Pardo

Publications and source records attributed to Gabriela Araujo-Pardo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

The arc chromatic number for Galois projective planes, affine planes and Euclidean grids

In 1986, Csima and Füredi determined the minimum number of arcs required to partition the points of Galois projective planes $PG(2,q)$ and affine planes $AG(2,q)$. We revisit these foundational results and extend them in several directions. First, we present alternative proofs for some of their results, providing a more streamlined approach. By leveraging this new perspective, we determine the exact value for a fractional version of the problem in both geometric settings. We also establish a computational framework that yields new constructions and explores the structural properties of the space of colorings. Finally, we apply these findings to Euclidean grids, improving upon a 2004 construction by Wood. We prove that a partition into $(1+ε)n$ sets in general position exists for any $ε> 0$ and sufficiently large $n$. Additionally, we provide exact minimal partitions for small Euclidean grids.

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arXiv2026

The balanced upper chromatic number of linear hypergraphs and the $n$-cube over $t$ elements

A coloring of the vertices of a hypergraph is called \emph{balanced} if the sizes of the color classes differ by at most one. We say that a hyperedge is \emph{rainbow} if its elements have pairwise distinct colors. In this paper, we provide a general upper bound on the \emph{balanced upper chromatic number} of arbitrary linear hypergraphs, that is, the largest integer $k$ such that there exists a balanced $k$-coloring of the vertices of the hypergraph without rainbow hyperedges. We focus on the cube $C_t^n$, defined as the linear hypergraph whose vertices are the lattice points in $[0,t-1]^n$, and whose hyperedges are the sets of $t$ collinear points. We determine the exact balanced upper chromatic number of $C_t^n$ for $t\geq 4n-2$. For smaller values of $t$, we present bounds and determine this parameter (with few exceptions) in dimensions $2$ and $3$.

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arXiv2026

On the achromatic index of Johnson graphs $J(n,2)$

In this paper, we study proper and complete edge-colorings of Johnson graphs $J(n,2)$, also called $n$-triangular graphs. They are isomorphic both to the 2-token graphs of complete graphs and to the line graphs of complete graphs. A $t$-edge-coloring of a graph $G$ is a function that assigns one color from $\{1,2,\ldots,t\}$ to each edge. Such a coloring is called proper if no two incident edges receive the same color, and complete if every pair of distinct colors appears on a pair of incident edges. The achromatic index, denoted by $α_2(G)$, is the largest integer $t$ for which $G$ admits a proper and complete $t$-edge-coloring. We establish new lower and upper bounds for $α_2(J(n,2))$, provide explicit proper and complete edge-colorings attaining the lower bounds, and determine the exact value of $α_2(J(n,2))$ for several values of $n$.

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arXiv2026

Upper chromatic number of generalized quadrangles

We can regard a generalized quadrangle as a hypergraph in which points and lines are identified with vertices and hyperedges, respectively. A vertex coloring is said to be rainbow on a hyperedge if all vertices contained in that hyperedge are assigned pairwise distinct colors; if no hyperedge is rainbow, the coloring is termed rainbow-free. For a given hypergraph $H$, the maximum integer $k$ for which there exists a rainbow-free $k$-coloring is called the upper chromatic number of $H$, and is denoted by $\overlineχ(H)$.

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arXiv2026

On Mixed Cages of Girth 6

A [z,r;g]-mixed cage is a mixed graph of minimum order such that each vertex has z in-arcs, z out-arcs, r edges, and it has girth g. We present an infinite family of mixed graphs with girth 6. This construction also provides an upper bound on the minimum order of mixed cages of girth 6. Additionally,we introduce a lower bound on the minimum order for any mixed cage.

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arXiv2025

New upper bounds on the order of mixed cages of girth 6

A $[z,r;g]$-mixed cage is a mixed graph of minimum order such that each vertex has $z$ in-arcs, $z$ out-arcs, $r$ edges, and it has girth $g$, and the minimum order for $[z,r;g]$-mixed graphs is denoted by $n[z,r;g]$. In this paper, we present an infinite family of mixed graphs with girth $6$, that improves, in some cases, the families that we give in G. Araujo-Pardo and L. Mendoza-Cadena. \textit{On Mixed Cages of girth 6}, arXiv:2401.14768v2. In particular, if $q$ is an even prime power we construct a family of graphs that satisfies $n[\frac{q}{4},q;6]\leq 4q^2-4$, and if $q$ is an odd prime power, and $\frac{q-3}{2}$ is odd then our family satisfies that $n[\frac{q-1}{4},q;6]\leq 4q^2-4$, otherwise $n[\frac{q-3}{4},q;6]\leq 4q^2-4$.

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arXiv2025

A Note on Mixed Cages of Girth 5

A mixed regular graph is a graph where every vertex has $z$ incoming arcs, $z$ outgoing arcs, and $r$ edges; furthermore, if it has girth $g$, we say that the graph is a \emph{$[z,r;g]$-mixed graph}. A \emph{$[z,r;g]$-mixed cage} is a $[z,r;g]$-mixed graph with the smallest possible order. In this note, we give a family of $[z,q;5]$-mixed graphs for $q\geq 7$ power of prime and $q-1\leq 4z+R$ with $z\geq 1$ and $R \in \{1,\ldots,5\}$. This provides better upper bounds on the order of mixed cages until this moment.

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arXiv2024

Lines on digraphs of low diameter

A set of n non-collinear points in the Euclidean plane defines at least n different lines. Chen and Chvtal in 2008 conjectured that the same results is true in metric spaces for an adequate definition of line. More recently, it was conjectured in 2018 by Aboulker et al. that any large enough bridgeless graph on n vertices defines a metric space that has at least n lines. We study the natural extension of Aboulker et al.'s conjecture into the context of quasi-metric spaces defined by digraphs of low diameter. We prove that it is valid for quasi-metric spaces defined by bipartite digraphs of diameter at most three, oriented graphs of diameter two and, digraphs of diameter three and directed girth four.

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arXiv2024

A note on girth-diameter cages

In this paper, we introduce a problem closely related to the Cage Problem and the Degree Diameter Problem. For integers $k\geq 2$, $g\geq 3$ and $d\geq 1$, we define a $(k;\, g,d)$-graph to be a $k$-regular graph with girth $g$ and diameter $d$. We denote by $n_0(k;\,g,d)$ the smallest possible order of such a graph, and, if such a graph exists, we call it a $(k;g,d)$-cage. In particular, we focus on $(k;\,5,4)$-graphs. We show that $n_0(k;\,5,4) \geq k^2+k+2$ for all $k$, and report on the determination of all $(k;\,5,4)$-cages for $k=3, 4$ and $5$ and examples with $k = 6$, and describe some examples of $(k;\,5,4)$-graphs which prove that $n_0(k;\,5,4) \leq 2k^2$ for infinitely many values of $k$.

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arXiv2024

On extremal (almost) edge-girth-regular graphs

A $k$-regular graph of girth $g$ is called edge-girth-regular graph, shortly egr-graph, if each of its edges is contained in exactly $λ$ distinct $g-$cycles. An egr-graph is called extremal for the triple $(k, g, λ)$ if has the smallest possible order. We prove that some graphs arising from incidence graphs of finite planes are extremal egr-graphs. We also prove new lower bounds on the order of egr-graphs.

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arXiv2023

A little more about bipartite biregular cages, block designs, and generalized polygons

In this paper, we obtain new lower and upper bounds for the problem of bipartite biregular cages. Moreover, for girth $6$, we give the exact parameters of the $(m,n;6)$-bipartite biregular cages when $n\equiv -1$ $\pmod m$ using the existence of Steiner System system $S(2,k=m,v=1+n(m-1)+m)$. For girth $g=2r$ and $r=\{4,6,8\}$, we use results on $t$-good structures given by ovoids, spreads and sub-polygons in generalized polygons to obtain $(m,n;2r)$-bipartite biregular graphs. We emphasize that, as we improve the lower bounds on the order of these graphs, we also prove that some of them are $(m,n;2r)$-bipartite biregular cages. In particular, we construct relatively small bipartite biregular graphs from a special class of generalized quadrangles and hexagons. In a special case, we show that the graph obtained is actually a $(3,4;8)$-bipartite biregular cage on $56$ vertices.

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arXiv2023

On the harmonious chromatic number of graphs

The harmonious chromatic number of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of colors that can be assigned to the vertices of $G$ in a proper way such that any two distinct edges have different color pairs. This paper gives various results on harmonious chromatic number related to homomorphisms, incidence graphs of finite linear systems, and some circulant graphs.

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arXiv2023

Semicubic cages and small graphs of even girth from voltage graphs

An \emph{$(3,m;g)$ semicubic graph} is a graph in which all vertices have degrees either $3$ or $m$ and fixed girth $g$. In this paper, we construct families of semicubic graphs of even girth and small order using two different techniques. The first technique generalizes a previous construction which glues cubic cages of girth $g$ together at remote vertices (vertices at distance at least $g/2$). The second technique, the main content of this paper, produces bipartite semicubic $(3,m; g)$-graphs with fixed even girth $g = 4t$ or $4t+2$ using voltage graphs over $\mathbb{Z}_{m}$. When $g = 4t+2$, the graphs have two vertices of degree $m$, while when $g = 4t$ they have exactly three vertices of degree $m$ (the remaining vertices are of degree $3$ in both cases). Specifically, we describe infinite families of semicubic graphs $(3,m; g)$ for $g = \{6, 8, 10, 12\}$ for infinitely many values of $m$. The cases $g = \{6,8\}$ include the unique $6$-cage and the unique $8$-cage when $m = 3$. The families obtained in this paper for girth $g=\{10,12\}$ include examples with the best known bounds for semicubic graphs $(3,m; g)$

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arXiv2023

On the existence of $(r,g,χ)$-cages

In this paper, we work with simple and finite graphs. We study a generalization of the \emph{Cage Problem}, which has been widely studied since cages were introduced by Tutte \cite{T47} in 1947 and after Erd\" os and Sachs \cite{ES63} proved their existence in 1963. An \emph{$(r,g)$-graph} is an $r$-regular graph in which the shortest cycle has length equal to $g$; that is, it is an $r$-regular graph with girth $g$. An \emph{$(r,g)$-cage} is an $(r,g)$-graph with the smallest possible number of vertices among all $(r,g)$-graphs; the order of an $(r,g)$-cage is denoted by $n(r,g)$. The Cage Problem consists of finding $(r,g)$-cages; it is well-known that $(r,g)$-cages have been determined only for very limited sets of parameter pairs $(r, g)$. There exists a simple lower bound for $n(r,g)$, given by Moore and denoted by $n_0(r,g)$. The cages that attain this bound are called \emph{Moore cages}.

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arXiv2022

Lines in quasi-metric spaces with four points

A set of n non-collinear points in the Euclidean plane defines at least n different lines. Chen and Chvátal in 2008 conjectured that the same results is true in metric spaces for an adequate definition of line. More recently, this conjecture was studied in the context of quasi-metric spaces. In this work we prove that there is a quasi-metric space on four points a, b, c and d whose betweenness is B={(c,a,b),(a,b,c),(d,b,a),(b,a,d)}. Then, this space has only three lines none of which has four points. Moreover, we show that the betweenness of any quasi-metric space on four points with this property is isomorphic to B. Since B is not metric, we get that Chen and Chvátal's conjecture is valid for any metric space on four points.

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arXiv2021

The digrundy number of digraphs

We extend the Grundy number and the ochromatic number, parameters on graph colorings, to digraph colorings, we call them {\emph{digrundy number}} and {\emph{diochromatic number}}, respectively. First, we prove that for every digraph the diochromatic number equals the digrundy number (as it happen for graphs). Then, we prove the interpolation property and the Nordhaus-Gaddum relations for the digrundy number, and improve the Nordhaus-Gaddum relations for the dichromatic and diachromatic numbers bounded previously by the authors in [Electron. J. Combin. 25 (2018) no. 3, Paper {\#} 3.51, 17 pp.]

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arXiv2021

Achromatic arboricity on complete graphs

In this paper we study the {\it {achromatic arboricity}} of the complete graph. This parameter arises from the arboricity of a graph as the achromatic index arises from the chromatic index. The achromatic arboricity of a graph $G$, denoted by $A_α(G)$, is the maximum number of colors that can be used to color the edges of $G$ such that every color class induces a forest but any two color classes contain a cycle. In particular, if $G$ is a complete graph we prove that \[\frac{1}{4}n^{\frac{3}{2}}-Θ(n) \leq A_α(G)\leq \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}n^{\frac{3}{2}}-Θ(n).\]

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arXiv2021

Bipartite biregular Moore graphs

A bipartite graph $G=(V,E)$ with $V=V_1\cup V_2$ is biregular if all the vertices of a stable set $V_i$ have the same degree $r_i$ for $i=1,2$. In this paper, we give an improved new Moore bound for an infinite family of such graphs with odd diameter. This problem was introduced in 1983 by Yebra, Fiol, and Fàbrega.\\ Besides, we propose some constructions of bipartite biregular graphs with diameter $d$ and large number of vertices $N(r_1,r_2;d)$, together with their spectra. In some cases of diameters $d=3$, $4$, and $5$, the new graphs attaining the Moore bound are unique up to isomorphism.

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