arXiv subjects

George Savvidy

Publications and source records attributed to George Savvidy.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2020

Extended Kolmogorov Entropy

The Kolmogorov entropy allows to split the dynamical systems that have equivalent continuous spectrum into non-isomorphic subclasses. In this paper we make an attempt to generalise the concept of entropy that will allow to split the systems with equivalent continuous spectrum and equal Kolmogorov entropies into finer non-isomorphic subclasses. We will define and calculate the new metrical invariant for the hyperbolic automorphisms on a torus. The hyperbolic systems on a torus are perfect pseudorandom number generators for the Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations in high energy physics, and the new metrical invariant allows a finer characterisation of the MC generators when they have equal entropies.

math.DS↗

arXiv2020

From Heisenberg-Euler Lagrangian to the discovery of chromomagnetic gluon condensation

I reexamine the phenomena of the chromomagnetic gluon condensation in Yang-Mills theory. The extension of the Heisenberg-Euler Lagrangian to the Yang-Mills theory allows to calculate the effective action, the energy-momentum tensor and demonstrate that the energy density curve crosses the zero energy level of the perturbative vacuum state at nonzero angle and continuously enters to the negative energy density region. At the crossing point and further down the effective coupling constant is small and demonstrate that the true vacuum state of the Yang-Mills theory is below the perturbative vacuum state and is described by the nonzero chromomagnetic gluon condensate. The renormalisation group analysis allows to express the energy momentum tensor, its trace and the first and second order derivatives in terms of Callan-Symanzik beta function and effective coupling constant. The derivatives define the convexity and the extremum of the energy density curve. In the vacuum the energy-momentum tensor is proportional to the space-time metric, and induces a negative contribution to the effective cosmological constant.

hep-th↗

arXiv2020

Yang-Mills Classical and Quantum Mechanics and Maximally Chaotic Dynamical Systems

The maximally chaotic dynamical systems (DS) are the systems which have nonzero Kolmogorov entropy. The Anosov C-condition defines a reach class of hyperbolic dynamical systems that have exponential instability of the phase trajectories and positive Kolmogorov entropy and are therefore maximally chaotic. The interest in Anosov-Kolmogorov systems is associated with the attempts to understand the relaxation phenomena, the foundation of the statistical mechanics, the appearance of turbulence in fluid dynamics, the non-linear dynamics of the Yang-Mills field, the N-body system in Newtonian gravity and the relaxation phenomena in stellar systems and the Black hole thermodynamics. The classical- and quantum-mechanical properties of maximally chaotic dynamical systems, the application of the C-K theory to the investigation of the Yang-Mills dynamics and gravitational systems as well as their application in the Monte Carlo method will be presented.

hep-th↗

arXiv2020

Maximally chaotic dynamical systems of Anosov-Kolmogorov

The maximally chaotic K-systems are dynamical systems which have nonzero Kolmogorov entropy. On the other hand, the hyperbolic dynamical systems that fulfil the Anosov C-condition have exponential instability of phase trajectories, mixing of all orders, countable Lebesgue spectrum and positive Kolmogorov entropy. The C-condition defines a rich class of maximally chaotic systems which span an open set in the space of all dynamical systems. The interest in Anosov-Kolmogorov C-K systems is associated with the attempts to understand the relaxation phenomena, the foundation of the statistical mechanics, the appearance of turbulence in fluid dynamics, the non-linear dynamics of the Yang-Mills field as well as the dynamical properties of gravitating N-body systems and the Black hole thermodynamics. In this respect of special interest are C-K systems that are defined on Reimannian manifolds of negative sectional curvature and on a high-dimensional tori. Here we shall review the classical- and quantum-mechanical properties of maximally chaotic dynamical systems, the application of the C-K theory to the investigation of the Yang-Mills dynamics and gravitational systems as well as their application in the Monte Carlo method.

hep-th↗

arXiv2019

Correlation Functions of Classical and Quantum Artin System defined on Lobachevsky Plane and Scrambling Time

We consider the quantisation of the Artin dynamical system defined on the fundamental region of the modular group. In classical regime the geodesic flow in the fundamental region represents one of the most chaotic dynamical systems, it has mixing of all orders, Lebesgue spectrum and non-zero Kolmogorov entropy. As a result, the classical correlation functions decay exponentially. In order to investigate the influence of the classical chaotic behaviour on the quantum-mechanical properties of the Artin system we calculated the corresponding thermal quantum-mechanical correlation functions. It was conjectured by Maldacena, Shenker and Stanford that the classical chaos can be diagnosed in thermal quantum systems by using an out-of-time-order correlation function as well as the square of the commutator of operators separated in time. We demonstrated that the two- and four-point correlation functions of the Louiville-like operators decay exponentially with a temperature dependent exponent. As conjectured the square of the commutator of the Louiville-like operators separated in time grows exponentially, similar to the exponential divergency of trajectories in the classical regime. The corresponding exponent does not saturate the maximal growth condition.

hep-th↗

arXiv2018

Spectral Test of the MIXMAX Random Number Generators

An important statistical test on the pseudo-random number generators is called the spectral test. The test is aimed at answering the question of distribution of the generated pseudo-random vectors in dimensions $d$ that are larger than the genuine dimension of a generator $N$. In particular, the default MIXMAX generators have various dimensions: $N=8,17,240$ and higher. Therefore the spectral test is important to perform in dimensions $d > 8$ for $N=8$ generator, $d> 17$ for $N=17$ and $d> 240$ for $N=240$ generator. These tests have been performed by L'Ecuyer and collaborators. When $d > N$ the vectors of the generated numbers fall into the parallel hyperplanes and the distances between them can be larger than the genuine "resolution" of the MIXMAX generators, which is $ l=2^{-61}$. The aim of this article is to further study the spectral properties of the MIXMAX generators, to investigate the dependence of the spectral properties of the MIXMAX generators as a function of their internal parameters and in particular their dependence on the parameter $m$. We found that the best spectral properties are realized when $m$ is between $2^{24}$ and $2^{36}$, a range which is inclusive of the value of the $N=17$ generator. We also provide the alternative parameters for the generators, $N=8$ and $N=240$ with $m$ in this optimised range.

nlin.CD↗

arXiv2018

Quantum-Mechanical interpretation of Riemann zeta function zeros

We demonstrate that the Riemann zeta function zeros define the position and the widths of the resonances of the quantised Artin dynamical system. The Artin dynamical system is defined on the fundamental region of the modular group on the Lobachevsky plane. It has a finite volume and an infinite extension in the vertical direction that correspond to a cusp. In classical regime the geodesic flow in the fundamental region represents one of the most chaotic dynamical systems, has mixing of all orders, Lebesgue spectrum and non-zero Kolmogorov entropy. In quantum-mechanical regime the system can be associated with the narrow infinitely long waveguide stretched out to infinity along the vertical axis and a cavity resonator attached to it at the bottom. That suggests a physical interpretation of the Maass automorphic wave function in the form of an incoming plane wave of a given energy entering the resonator, bouncing inside the resonator and scattering to infinity. As the energy of the incoming wave comes close to the eigenmodes of the cavity a pronounced resonance behaviour shows up in the scattering amplitude.

math-ph↗

arXiv2018

Lecture on Quantum Gravity with Perimeter Action and Gravitational Singularities

Motivated by quantum-mechanical considerations we earlier suggested an alternative action for discretised quantum gravity which measures the perimeter of the space-time and has a dimension of length. It is the so called perimeter action, since it is a "square root" of the area action in gravity and has a new constant of dimension one in front. The physical reason to introduce the perimeter/linear action was to suppress singular configurations "spikes" in the quantum-mechanical integral over geometries. Here we shall consider the continuous limit of the discretised perimeter/linear action. We shall demonstrate that in the modified theory during the time evolution of a large massive star, when a star undergoes a collapse and develops an event horizon which confines the light, a smaller space-time region will be created behind the event horizon which is unreachable by test particles. These regions are located in the places where a standard theory of gravity has singularities. We are confronted here with a drastically new concept that during the time evolution of a massive star a space-time region is created which is excluded from the physical scene, being physically unreachable by test particles or observables. If this concept is accepted, then it seems plausible that the gravitational singularities are excluded from the modified theory.

hep-th↗

arXiv2018

Artin Billiard Exponential Decay of Correlation Functions

The hyperbolic Anosov C-systems have exponential instability of their trajectories and as such represent the most natural chaotic dynamical systems. Of special interest are C-systems which are defined on compact surfaces of the Lobachevsky plane of constant negative curvature. An example of such system has been introduced in a brilliant article published in 1924 by the mathematician Emil Artin. The dynamical system is defined on the fundamental region of the Lobachevsky plane which is obtained by the identification of points congruent with respect to the modular group, a discrete subgroup of the Lobachevsky plane isometries. The fundamental region in this case is a hyperbolic triangle. The geodesic trajectories of the non-Euclidean billiard are bounded to propagate on the fundamental hyperbolic triangle. In this article we shall expose his results, will calculate the correlation functions/observables which are defined on the phase space of the Artin billiard and demonstrate the exponential decay of the correlation functions with time. We use Artin symbolic dynamics, the differential geometry and group theoretical methods of Gelfand and Fomin.

nlin.CD↗

arXiv2017

Interaction of Non-Abelian Tensor Gauge Fields

The non-Abelian tensor gauge fields take value in extended Poincaré algebra. In order to define the invariant Lagrangian we introduce a vector variable in two alternative ways: through the transversal representation of the extended Poincaré algebra and through the path integral over the auxiliary vector field with the U(1) Abelian action. We demonstrate that path integral formulation allows to fix the unitary gauge, derive scattering amplitudes in spinor representation and to define the gauge invariant Lagrangian in a curved space-time.

hep-th↗

arXiv2017

Classical limit theorems and high entropy MIXMAX random number generator

We investigate the interrelation between the distribution of stochastic fluctuations of independent random variables in probability theory and the distribution of time averages in deterministic Anosov C-systems. On the one hand, in probability theory, our interest dwells on three basic topics: the laws of large numbers, the central limit theorem and the law of the iterated logarithm for sequences of real-valued random variables. On the other hand we have chaotic, uniformly hyperbolic Anosov C-systems defined on tori which have mixing of all orders and nonzero Kolmogorov entropy. These extraordinary ergodic properties of deterministic Anosov C-systems ensure that the above classical limit theorems for sums of independent random variables in probability theory are fulfilled by the time averages for the sequences generated by the C-systems. The MIXMAX generator of pseudorandom numbers represents the C-system for which the classical limit theorems are fulfilled.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2017

Gravity with linear action and gravitational singularities

Motivated by quantum mechanical considerations we earlier suggested an alternative action for discretised quantum gravity which has a dimension of length. It is the so called "linear" action. The proposed action is a "square root" of the classical area action in gravity and has in front of the action a new constant of dimension one. Here we shall consider the continuous limit of the discretised linear action. We shall demonstrate that in the modified theory of gravity there appear space-time regions of the Schwarzschild radius scale which are unreachable by test particles. These regions are located in the places where standard theory of gravity has singularities. We are confronted here with a drastically new concept that there may exist space-time regions which are excluded from the physical scene, being physically unreachable by test particles or observables. If this concept is accepted, then it seems plausible that the gravitational singularities are excluded from the modified theory.

hep-th↗

arXiv2017

Hyperbolic Anosov C-systems. Exponential Decay of Correlation Functions

The uniformly hyperbolic Anosov C-systems defined on a torus have exponential instability of their trajectories, and as such C-systems have mixing of all orders and nonzero Kolmogorov entropy. The mixing property of all orders means that all its correlation functions tend to zero and the question of a fundamental interest is a speed at which they tend to zero. It was proven that the speed of decay in the C-systems is exponential, that is, the observables on the phase space become independent and uncorrelated exponentially fast. It is important to specify the properties of the C-system which quantify the exponential decay of correlations. We have found that the upper bound on the exponential decay of the correlation functions universally depends on the value of a system entropy. A quintessence of the analyses is that local and homogeneous instability of the C-system phase space trajectories translated into the exponential decay of the correlation functions at the rate which is proportional to the Kolmogorov entropy, one of the fundamental characteristics of the Anosov automorphisms. This result allows to define the decorrrelation and relaxation times of a C-system in terms of its entropy and characterise the statistical properties of a broad class of dynamical systems, including pseudorandom number generators and gravitational systems.

math-ph↗

arXiv2017

Yangian and SUSY symmetry of High Spin Parton Splitting Amplitudes in Generalised Yang-Mills Theory

We have calculated the high spin parton splitting amplitudes postulating the Yangian symmetry of the scattering amplitudes for tensorgluons. The resulting splitting amplitudes coincide with the earlier calculations, which were based on the BCFW recursion relations. The resulting formula unifies all known splitting probabilities found earlier in gauge field theories. It describes splitting probabilities for integer and half-integer spin particles. We also checked that the splitting probabilities fulfil generalised Kounnas-Ross N=1 supersymmetry relations hinting to the fact that the underlying theory can be formulated in an explicit supersymmetric manner.

hep-th↗

arXiv2016

The Gonihedric Paradigm Extensions of the Ising Model

We suggest a generalization of the Feynman path integral to an integral over random surfaces. The proposed action is proportional to the linear size of the random surfaces and is called gonihedric. The convergence and the properties of the partition function are analysed. The model can also be formulated as a spin system with identical partition function. The spin system represents a generalisation of the Ising model with ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and quartic interactions. Higher symmetry of the model allows to construct dual spin systems in three and four dimensions. In three dimensions the transfer matrix describes the propagation of closed loops and we found its exact spectrum. It is a unique exact solution of the tree-dimensional statistical spin system. In three and four dimensions the system exhibits the second order phase transitions. The gonihedric spin systems have exponentially degenerated vacuum states separated by the potential barriers and can be used as a storage of binary information.

hep-th↗

arXiv2016

Distribution of periodic trajectories of Anosov C-system

The hyperbolic Anosov C-systems have a countable set of everywhere dense periodic trajectories which have been recently used to generate pseudorandom numbers. The asymptotic distribution of periodic trajectories of C-systems with periods less than a given number is well known, but a deviation of this distribution from its asymptotic behaviour is less known. Using fast algorithms, we are studying the exact distribution of periodic trajectories and their deviation from asymptotic behaviour for hyperbolic C-systems which are defined on high dimensional tori and are used for Monte-Carlo simulations. A particular C-system which we consider in this article is the one which was implemented in the MIXMAX generator of pseudorandom numbers. The generator has the best combination of speed, reasonable size of the state, and availability for implementing the parallelization and is currently available generator in the ROOT and CLHEP software packages at CERN.

nlin.CD↗

arXiv2016

Spectrum and Entropy of C-systems. MIXMAX random number generator

The uniformly hyperbolic Anosov C-systems defined on a torus have very strong instability of their trajectories, as strong as it can be in principle. These systems have exponential instability of all their trajectories and as such have mixing of all orders, nonzero Kolmogorov entropy and a countable set of everywhere dense periodic trajectories. In this paper we are studying the properties of their spectrum and of the entropy. For a two-parameter family of C-system operators A(N,s), parametrised by the integers N and s, we found the universal limiting form of the spectrum, the dependence of entropy on N and the period of its trajectories on a rational sublattice. One can deduce from this result that the entropy and the periods are sharply increasing with N. We present a new three-parameter family of C-operators A(N,s,m) and analyse the dependence of its spectrum and of the entropy on the parameter m. We developed our earlier suggestion to use these tuneable Anosov C-systems for multipurpos Monte-Carlo simulations. The MIXMAX family of random number generators based on Anosov C-systems provide high quality statistical properties, thanks to their large entropy, have the best combination of speed, reasonable size of the state, tuneable parameters and availability for implementing the parallelisation.

math.DS↗

arXiv2016

Anosov C-systems and random number generators

We are developing further our earlier suggestion to use hyperbolic Anosov C-systems for the Monte-Carlo simulations in high energy particle physics. The hyperbolic dynamical systems have homogeneous instability of all trajectories and as such they have mixing of all orders, countable Lebesgue spectrum and positive Kolmogorov entropy. These extraordinary ergodic properties follow from the C-condition introduced by Anosov. The C-condition defines a rich class of dynamical systems which span an open set in the space of all dynamical systems. The important property of C-systems is that they have a countable set of everywhere dense periodic trajectories and that their density exponentially increases with entropy. Of special interest are C-systems that are defined on a high dimensional torus. The C-systems on a torus are perfect candidates to be used for Monte-Carlo simulations. Recently an efficient algorithm was found, which allows very fast generation of long trajectories of the C-systems. These trajectories have high quality statistical properties and we are suggesting to use them for the QCD lattice simulations and at high energy particle physics.

hep-th↗