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Gerald B. Cleaver

Publications and source records attributed to Gerald B. Cleaver.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

The Ricci Curvature of Half-flat Manifolds

We derive expressions for the Ricci curvature tensor and scalar in terms of intrinsic torsion classes of half-flat manifolds by exploiting the relationship between half-flat manifolds and non-compact $G_2$ holonomy manifolds. Our expressions are tested for Iwasawa and more general nilpotent manifolds. We also derive expressions, in the language of Calabi-Yau moduli spaces, for the torsion classes and the Ricci curvature of the \emph{particular} half-flat manifolds that arise naturally via mirror symmetry in flux compactifications. Using these expressions we then derive a constraint on the Kähler moduli space of type II string theories on these half-flat manifolds.

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Randall-Sundrum and Flipped SU(5)

In this letter, we construct a model based on a flipped SU(5) partial grand unified theory, within the framework of the Randall-Sundrum (RS1) proposal. Breaking of $\widetilde{SU}(5)$ is achieved using a bulk scalar field in the \textbf{10} of SU(5), $Φ$, which gains a vacuum expectation value $\left< Φ\right> \sim 3 \times 10^{15}$ GeV. We are able to retain the successes of the flipped SU(5) phenomenology, namely the elimination of the doublet-triplet splitting problem and the confinement of all fields to the smallest (\textbf{1}, $\mathbf{\bar{5}}$, and \textbf{10}) representations of SU(5). We derive the beta functions, and point out some constraints on bulk matter content implied by the runnings (and positivity) of the five dimensional coupling. Finally, we comment on baryon decay and show the fine-tuning problem required to prevent an exponentially short proton lifetime.

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NAHE-based string models with SU(4) X SU(2) X U(1) SO(10) Subgroup

The orbifold GUT doublet-triplet splitting mechanism was discussed in 1994 in the framework of the NAHE-based free fermionic models in which the SO(10) GUT symmetry is broken to SO(6) X SO(4), SU(3) X SU(2) X U(1)^2, or SU(3) X U(1) X SU(2)^2. In this paper we study NAHE-based free fermionic models in which the SO(10) symmetry is broken at the string level to SU(4) X SU(2) X U(1). In addition to the doublet-triplet splitting this case also has the advantage of inducing the doublet-doublet splitting already at the string level. We demonstrate, however, that NAHE-based models with SU(4) X SU(2) X U(1) SO(10) subgroup are not viable. We show that, similarly to the LRS models, and in contrast to the FSU5, PS and SLM models, the SU421 case gives rise to models without an anomalous U(1) symmetry, and discuss the different cases in terms of their N=4 origins.

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Flat Directions in Left-Right Symmetric String Derived Models

The only string models known to reproduce the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model in the low energy effective field theory are those constructed in the free fermionic formulation. We demonstrate the existence of quasi-realistic free fermionic heterotic-string models in which supersymmetric singlet flat directions do not exist. This raises the possibility that supersymmetry is broken perturbatively in such models by the one-loop Fayet-Iliopoulos term. We show, however, that supersymmetric flat directions that utilize VEVs of some non-Abelian fields in the massless string spectrum do exist in the model. We argue that hidden sector condensates lift the flat directions and break supersymmetry hierarchically.

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Left-Right Symmetric Heterotic-String Derived Models

Recently it was demonstrated that free fermionic heterotic-strings can produce models with solely the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model states in the low energy spectrum. This unprecedented result provides further strong evidence for the possibility that the true string vacuum shares some of the properties of the free fermionic models. Past free fermionic models have focused on several possible unbroken observable SO(10) subgroups at the string scale, which include the flipped SU(5) (FSU5), the Pati-Salam (PS) string models, and the string Standard-like Models (SLM). We extend this study to include the case in which the SO(10) symmetry is broken to the Left-Right Symmetric (LRS) gauge group, SO(10) -> SU(3)_C X U(1)_{B-L} X SU(2)_L X SU(2)_R. We present several models of this type and discuss their phenomenological features. The most striking new outcome of the LRS string models, in contrast to the case of the FSU5, the PS, and the SLM string models, is that they can produce effective field theories that are free of Abelian anomalies. We discuss the distinction between the two types of free fermionic models which result in the presence, or absence, of an anomalous U(1). As a counter example we also present a LRS model that does contain an anomalous U(1). Additionally, we discuss how in string models the Standard Model spectrum may arise from the three $\mbf 16$ representations of SO(10), while the weak-hypercharge does not have the canonical SO(10) embedding.

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M-fluences on String Model Building

Common to many classes of three family SU(3)_C x SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y string models are an additional anomalous U(1)_A and numerous, often fractionally charged, exotic particles beyond the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). I present one string model with both of these properties. Using this model as an example, I show how sometimes (near) string scale vacuum expectation values that are both D- and F-flat (to all orders in the superpotential) can simultaneously break the anomalous U(1)_A and give heavy mass to all phenomenologically dangerous exotic states, decoupling them from the low energy spectrum. For this model, some anomaly cancelling directions actually decouple all MSSM exotics, producing the MSSM as the effective field theory just below the string scale. This model realizes Witten's conjecture of possible equivalence between the string scale M_S and the MSSM unification scale M_MSSM. Talk presented at CPT '98, Bloomington, Indiana, 6--8 November 1998

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Quark Masses and Flat Directions in String Models

I discuss a method for producing a quasi-realistic inter-generational quark mass hierarchy in string models. This approach involves non-Abelian singlet states developing intermediate scale vacuum expectation values. I summarize recent investigations into string model realization of this. Talk presented at QCD98, Paris, France, 1-6 June 1998.

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On the anomalous U(1) in free fermionic superstring models

The realistic free fermionic models have had an intriguing success in explaining different properties of the observed particle spectrum. In this paper we discuss in some detail the anomalous U(1) symmetry which exists in these models. We study the properties of the anomalous U(1) in both the more realistic NAHE--based free fermionic models and those in a general NAHE class. Appearance of an anomalous U(1) in the more realistic NAHE models is shown to be an effect of reduction of world-sheet supersymmetry from (2,2) to (2,0). We show, however, that in more general (2,1) and (2,0) models, all U(1) can remain anomaly-free under certain conditions. Several phenomenological issues related to the anomalous U(1) are discussed. In particular, we note that in some examples the anomalous U(1) arises from the breaking $E_6 -> SO(10) X U(1)_A$, resulting in $U(1)_A$ being family universal.

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Advances in Old-Fashioned Heterotic String Model Building

I review findings of various research groups regarding perturbative heterotic string model building in the last 12 months. Attention is given to recent studies of extra U(1)'s and local discrete symmetries (LDS's) in generic string models. Issues covered include the role of U(1)'s and LDS's in limiting proton decay, developments in classification of models containing anomalous U(1), and possible complications resulting from kinetic mixing between observable and hidden sector U(1)'s. Additionally, recent string-derived and string-inspired models are briefly reviewed. Talk Presented at SUSY '97.

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Grand Unified Theories From Superstrings

I review how traditional grand unified theories, which require adjoint (or higher representation) Higgs fields for breaking to the standard model, can be contained within string theory. The status (as of January 1996) of the search for stringy free fermionic three generation SO(10) SUSY--GUT models is discussed. Progress in free fermionic classification of both SO(10)$_2$ charged and uncharged embeddings and in $N=1$ spacetime solutions is presented. Based on talks presented at the Workshop on SUSY Phenomena and SUSY GUTs, Santa Barbara, California, Dec. 7-11, 1995, and at the Orbis Scientiae, Coral Gables, Florida, January 25-28, 1996. Appearing in the Proceedings of Orbis Scientiae, 1996.

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Supersymmetries in Free Fermionic Strings

Consistent heterotic free fermionic string models are classified in terms of their number of spacetime supersymmetries, N. For each of the six distinct choices of gravitino sector, we determine what number of supersymmetries can survive additional GSO projections. We prove by exhaustive search that only three of the six can yield N = 1, in addition to the N = 4, 2, or 0 that five of the six can yield. One choice of gravitino sector can only produce N = 4 or 0. Relatedly, we find that only Z_2, Z_4, and Z_8 twists of the internal fermions with worldsheet supersymmetry are consistent with N=1 in free fermionic models. Any other twists obviate N=1.

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What's New in Stringy SO(10) SUSY-GUTS

Report in extended abstract form. Based on talk given at Strings '95, Los Angeles, CA. This is a summary of the findings initially presented in hep-th/9505080. Results of a step (the complete classification of free fermionic solutions to $N=1$ spacetime) in the search for stringy three-generation SO(10) SUSY-GUTs are reviewed.

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GUT's with Adjoint Higgs from Superstrings

I discuss how effective grand unified theories requiring adjoint Higgs fields for breaking to the standard model can be contained within string theory. Initial findings are presented in a search for and classification of effective three generation SO(10) SUSY-GUT models built using the free-fermionic string approach. Based on talk presented at PASCOS '94, Syracuse, NY.

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The Dimension of Decompactified Spacetime from String Theory

The implications of string theory for understanding the dimension of decompactified spacetime are discussed. Results from a computer model designed to simulate expansion of the early universe during the string dominated phase are presented. This model focuses on the effects of string winding modes on inflation and is based on the theory of random walks. We demonstrate that our decompactified four-dimensional spacetime can be explained by the proper choice of initial conditions.

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String Cosmology and the Dimension of Spacetime

The implications of string theory for understanding the dimension of uncompactified spacetime are investigated. Using recent ideas in string cosmology, a new model is proposed to explain why three spatial dimensions grew large. Unlike the original work of Brandenberger and Vafa, this paradigm uses the theory of random walks. A computer model is developed to test the implications of this new approach. It is found that a four-dimensional spacetime can be explained by the proper choice of initial conditions.

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Aspects of Fractional Superstrings

We investigate some issues relating to recently proposed fractional superstring theories with $D_{\rm critical}<10$. Using the factorization approach of Gepner and Qiu, we systematically rederive the partition functions of the $K=4,\, 8,$ and $16$ theories and examine their spacetime supersymmetry. Generalized GSO projection operators for the $K=4$ model are found. Uniqueness of the twist field, $ϕ^{K/4}_{K/4}$, as source of spacetime fermions is demonstrated. Last, we derive a linear (rather than quadratic) relationship between the required conformal anomaly and the conformal dimension of the supercurrent ghost.

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Kac-Moody Algebras and String Theory (THESIS)

The focus of this thesis is on (1) the role of Ka\v c-Moody (KM) algebras in string theory and the development of techniques for systematically building string theory models based on higher level ($K\geq 2$) KM algebras and (2) fractional superstrings. In chapter two we review KM algebras and their role in string theory. In the next chapter, we present two results concerning the construction of modular invariant partition functions for conformal field theories built by tensoring together other conformal field theories. First we show how the possible modular invariants for the tensor product theory are constrained if the allowed modular invariants of the individual conformal field theory factors have been classified. We illustrate the use of these constraints for theories of the type $SU(2)_{K_A}xSU(2)_{K_B}$, finding all consistent theories for $K_A$ and $K_B$ odd. Second we show how known diagonal modular invariants can be used to construct inherently asymmetric invariants where the holomorphic and anti- holomorphic theories do not share the same chiral algebra. Explicit examples are given. Next, in chapter four we investigate some issues relating to proposed fractional superstring theories with $D_{\rm critical}<10$. Using the factorization approach of Gepner and Qiu, we systematically rederive the partition functions of the $K=4,\, 8,$ and $16$ theories and examine their spacetime supersymmetry. Generalized GSO projection operators for the $K=4$ model are found. Uniqueness of the twist field, $ϕ^{K/4}_{K/4}$, as source of spacetime fermions, is demonstrated.

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On Modular Invariant Partition Functions for Tensor Products of Conformal Field Theories

We give two results concerning the construction of modular invariant partition functions for conformal field theories constructed by tensoring together other conformal field theories. First we show how the possible modular invariants for the tensor product theory are constrained if the allowed modular invariants of the individual conformal field theory factors have been classified. We illustrate the use of these constraints for theories of the type $SU(2)_{K_A}\otimes SU(2)_{K_B}$, finding all consistent theories for $K_A,K_B$ odd. Second we show how known diagonal modular invariants can be used to construct some inherently asymmetric ones where the holomorphic and anti-holomorphic theories do not share the same chiral algebra. Some explicit examples are given.

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