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Gerard Watts

Publications and source records attributed to Gerard Watts.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2023

Free fermions, KdV charges, generalised Gibbs ensembles, modular transforms and line defects

In this paper we return to the question of the modular properties of a generalised Gibbs ensemble of a single free fermion. We extend our previous proposals to a GGE containing an arbitrary number of conserved charges and provide a physical interpretation of the result in terms of a line defect. The defect description perfectly explains the product formula for the modular transformation we found previously. We also give a proposal for a Hamiltonian approach to the line defect.

hep-th↗
arXiv2018

Generalized hydrodynamics of classical integrable field theory: the sinh-Gordon model

Using generalized hydrodynamics (GHD), we develop the Euler hydrodynamics of classical integrable field theory. Classical field GHD is based on a known formalism for Gibbs ensembles of classical fields, that resembles the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz of quantum models, which we extend to generalized Gibbs ensembles (GGEs). In general, GHD must take into account both solitonic and radiative modes of classical fields. We observe that the quasi-particle formulation of GHD remains valid for radiative modes, even though these do not display particle-like properties in their precise dynamics. We point out that because of a UV catastrophe similar to that of black body radiation, radiative modes suffer from divergences that restrict the set of finite-average observables; this set is larger for GGEs with higher conserved charges. We concentrate on the sinh-Gordon model, which only has radiative modes, and study transport in the domain-wall initial problem as well as Euler-scale correlations in GGEs. We confirm a variety of exact GHD predictions, including those coming from hydrodynamic projection theory, by comparing with Metropolis numerical evaluations.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗
arXiv2014

Defect scaling Lee-Yang model from the perturbed DCFT point of view

We analyze the defect scaling Lee-Yang model from the perturbed defect conformal field theory (DCFT) point of view. First the defect Lee-Yang model is solved by calculating its structure constants from the sewing relations. Integrable defect perturbations are identified in conformal defect perturbation theory. Then pure defect flows connecting integrable conformal defects are described. We develop a defect truncated conformal space approach (DTCSA) to analyze the one parameter family of integrable massive perturbations in finite volume numerically. Fusing the integrable defect to an integrable boundary the relation between the IR and UV parameters can be derived from the boundary relations. We checked these results by comparing the spectrum for large volumes to the scattering theory.

hep-th↗
arXiv2011

Excited state g-functions from the Truncated Conformal Space

In this paper we consider excited state g-functions, that is, overlaps between boundary states and excited states in boundary conformal field theory. We find a new method to calculate these overlaps numerically using a variation of the truncated conformal space approach. We apply this method to the Lee-Yang model for which the unique boundary perturbation is integrable and for which the TBA system describing the boundary overlaps is known. Using the truncated conformal space approach we obtain numerical results for the ground state and the first three excited states which are in excellent agreement with the TBA results. As a special case we can calculate the standard g-function which is the overlap with the ground state and find that our new method is considerably more accurate than the original method employed by Dorey et al.

hep-th↗
arXiv2011

Moduli space coordinates and excited state g-functions

We consider the space of boundary conditions of Virasoro minimal models formed from the composition of a collection of flows generated by ϕ_{1,3}. These have recently been shown to fall naturally into a sequence, each term having a coordinate on it in terms of a boundary parameter, but no global parameter has been proposed. Here we investigate the idea that the overlaps of particular bulk states with the boundary states give natural coordinates on the moduli space of boundary conditions. We find formulae for these overlaps using the known thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz descriptions of the ground and first excited state on the cylinder and show that they give a global coordinate on the space of boundary conditions, showing it is smooth and compact as expected.

hep-th↗
arXiv2011

The renormalisation group for the truncated conformal space approach on the cylinder

In this paper we continue the study of the truncated conformal space approach to perturbed conformal field theories, this time applied to bulk perturbations and focusing on the leading truncation-dependent corrections to the spectrum. We find expressions for the leading terms in the ground state energy divergence, the coupling constant renormalisation and the energy rescaling. We apply these methods to problems treated in two seminal papers and show how these RG improvements greatly increase the predictive power of the TCSA approach. One important outcome is that the TCSA spectrum of excitations is predicted not to converge for perturbations of conformal weight greater than 3/4, but the ratios of excitation energies should converge.

hep-th↗
arXiv2011

On the renormalisation group for the boundary Truncated Conformal Space Approach

In this paper we continue the study of the truncated conformal space approach to perturbed boundary conformal field theories. This approach to perturbation theory suffers from a renormalisation of the coupling constant and a multiplicative renormalisation of the Hamiltonian. We show how these two effects can be predicted by both physical and mathematical arguments and prove that they are correct to leading order for all states in the TCSA system. We check these results using the TCSA applied to the tri-critical Ising model and the Yang-Lee model. We also study the TCSA of an irrelevant (non-renormalisable) perturbation and find that, while the convergence of the coupling constant and energy scales are problematic, the renormalised and rescaled spectrum remain a very good fit to the exact result, and we find a numerical relationship between the IR and UV couplings describing a particular flow. Finally we study the large coupling behaviour of TCSA and show that it accurately encompasses several different fixed points.

hep-th↗
arXiv2006

A Renormalisation group for TCSA

We discuss the errors introduced by level truncation in the study of boundary renormalisation group flows by the Truncated Conformal Space Approach. We show that the TCSA results can have the qualitative form of a sequence of RG flows between different conformal boundary conditions. In the case of a perturbation by the field phi(13), we propose a renormalisation group equation for the coupling constant which predicts a fixed point at a finite value of the TCSA coupling constant and we compare the predictions with data obtained using TBA equations.

hep-th↗
arXiv1999

g-function flow in perturbed boundary conformal field theories

The g-function was introduced by Affleck and Ludwig as a measure of the ground state degeneracy of a conformal boundary condition. We consider this function for perturbations of the conformal Yang-Lee model by bulk and boundary fields using conformal perturbation theory, the truncated conformal space approach and the thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA). We find that the TBA equations derived by LeClair et al describe the massless boundary flows, up to an overall constant, but are incorrect when one considers a simultaneous bulk perturbation; however the TBA equations do correctly give the `non-universal' linear term in the massive case, and the ratio of g-functions for different boundary conditions is also correctly produced. This ratio is related to the Y-system of the Yang-Lee model and by comparing the perturbative expansions of the Y-system and of the g-functions we obtain the exact relation between the UV and IR parameters of the massless perturbed boundary model.

hep-th↗
arXiv1998

Generalisations of the Coleman-Thun mechanism and boundary reflection factors

We make a complete pole analysis of the reflection factors of the boundary scaling Lee-Yang model. In the process we uncover a number of previously unremarked mechanisms for the generation of simple poles in boundary reflection factors, which have implications for attempts to close the boundary bootstrap in more general models. We also explain how different boundary conditions can sometimes share the same fundamental reflection factor, by relating the phenomenon to potential ambiguities in the interpretation of certain poles. In the case discussed, this ambiguity can be lifted by specifying the sign of a bulk-boundary coupling. While the recipe we employ for the association of poles with general on-shell diagrams is empirically correct, we stress that a justification on the basis of more fundamental principles remains a challenge for future work.

hep-th↗
arXiv1998

TBA and TCSA with boundaries and excited states

We study the spectrum of the scaling Lee-Yang model on a finite interval from two points of view: via a generalisation of the truncated conformal space approach to systems with boundaries, and via the boundary thermodynamic Bethe ansatz. This allows reflection factors to be matched with specific boundary conditions, and leads us to propose a new (and non-minimal) family of reflection factors to describe the one relevant boundary perturbation in the model. The equations proposed previously for the ground state on an interval must be revised in certain regimes, and we find the necessary modifications by analytic continuation. We also propose new equations to describe excited states, and check all equations against boundary truncated conformal space data. Access to the finite-size spectrum enables us to observe boundary flows when the bulk remains massless, and the formation of boundary bound states when the bulk is massive.

hep-th↗
arXiv1997

Probing integrable perturbations of conformal theories using singular vectors II: N=1 superconformal theories

In this work we pursue the singular-vector analysis of the integrable perturbations of conformal theories that was initiated in hep-th/9603088. Here we consider the detailed study of the N=1 superconformal theory and show that all integrable perturbations can be identified from a simple singular-vector argument. We identify these perturbations as theories based on affine Lie superalgebras and show that the results we obtain relating two perturbations can be understood by the extension of affine Toda duality to these theories with fermions. We also discuss how this duality is broken in specific cases.

hep-th↗
arXiv1996

A crossing probability for critical percolation in two dimensions

Langlands et al. considered two crossing probabilities, pi_h and pi_{hv}, in their extensive numerical investigations of critical percolation in two dimensions. Cardy was able to find the exact form of pi_h by treating it as a correlation function of boundary operators in the Q goes to 1 limit of the Q state Potts model. We extend his results to find an analogous formula for pi_{hv} which compares very well with the numerical results.

cond-mat↗
arXiv1996

Probing integrable perturbations of conformal theories using singular vectors

It has been known for some time that the (1,3) perturbations of the (2k+1,2) Virasoro minimal models have conserved currents which are also singular vectors of the Virasoro algebra. This also turns out to hold for the (1,2) perturbation of the (3k+-1,3) models. In this paper we investigate the requirement that a perturbation of an extended conformal field theory has conserved currents which are also singular vectors. We consider conformal field theories with W3 and (bosonic) WBC2 = W(2,4) extended symmetries. Our analysis relies heavily on the general conjecture of de Vos and van Driel relating the multiplicities of W-algebra irreducible modules to the Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials of a certain double coset. Granting this conjecture, the singular-vector argument provides a direct way of recovering all known integrable perturbations. However, W models bring a slight complication in that the conserved densities of some (1,2)-type perturbations are actually subsingular vectors, that is, they become singular vectors only in a quotient module.

hep-th↗