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Gerasimos Kouniatalis

Publications and source records attributed to Gerasimos Kouniatalis.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

Initial conditions for inflation

We propose a single-field mechanism that dynamically prepares the initial conditions required for exponential plateau inflation. The inflaton is decomposed into a coarse-grained mode and a high-occupancy, approximately Gaussian band of relativistic nonzero modes. Gaussian--Hartree averaging of the potential produces an exact variance-dependent minimum, which places the coarse-grained field high on the plateau when the excitation variance is large. Under a translation-invariant microcanonical measure, the available phase-space volume is exponentially concentrated near this minimum, while an order-one homogeneous kinetic-energy fraction is exponentially atypical. During expansion, the preparation modes redshift as radiation, $σ^2\propto a^{-2}$ and $ρ_χ\propto a^{-4}$. Although the induced minimum rapidly moves toward the vacuum, the force acting on the coarse-grained mode is bounded by an exponentially small factor, yielding analytic upper limits on its velocity, displacement, and kinetic fraction. We derive a sufficient condition for the subsequent number of slow-roll e-folds and exhibit a benchmark with more than 60 e-folds. The mechanism also motivates correlated finite-onset signatures: large-scale power suppression with decaying oscillations and a variance-convolution bispectrum.

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The Wave Function of the Universe and Inflation

We develop a quantum-cosmological framework in which the inflationary potential emerges from the structure of the wave function of the universe rather than being postulated. Starting from the Wheeler-DeWitt equation for a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker minisuperspace, we express the wave function in terms of an amplitude and a phase and, in a semiclassical regime where the expansion dominates the field's evolution, separate these into purely geometric and purely field-dependent pieces. This yields a closed expression for an emergent potential that makes transparent the roles of the cosmological constant, the momenta associated with expansion and field dynamics, and quantum corrections from the amplitude. Slow-roll conditions follow from properties of the phase and amplitude, leading to wave-function-level expressions for the usual slow-roll parameters and to direct links between cosmic microwave background observables and derivatives of the phase. The approach ties inflation to the quantum state of the universe and suggests testable relationships between cosmological data and features of the wave function.

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Primordial black hole formation from transient $f(T)$ cosmology

We study primordial black hole (PBH) formation in a minimally coupled $f(T)$ teleparallel cosmology that generates a transient departure from standard radiation domination. The model is constructed so that modified-gravity effects are negligible at early and late times, but become dynamically relevant over a finite epoch, during which an effective torsion component reduces the total equation-of-state parameter below 1/3.We show that this transient softening lowers the collapse threshold for overdensities at horizon re-entry, leading to an exponential enhancement of PBH formation. In addition, the modified background alters the relation between temperature and horizon mass, producing a localized feature in the PBH mass function. For representative parameters, PBHs with asteroid-scale masses can account for a significant fraction, or even the entirety, of dark matter for perturbation amplitudes $σ^2 \sim \mathcal{O}(10^{-3})$, while remaining consistent with current constraints. Our results demonstrate that modified gravity alone can efficiently generate PBHs, without requiring ad hoc modifications of the radiation sector.

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A unified scalar-field resolution of the $H_0$, $S_8$ and evolving Dark Energy tensions

We propose a unified scalar-field framework that addresses, within standard general relativity, three current cosmological anomalies: the $H_0$ tension, the mild preference for reduced late-time clustering ($S_8$), and recent indications of evolving dark energy. The model contains a single minimally coupled canonical scalar field evolving in a smooth potential composed of a localized bump superimposed on an exponential tail. The bump generates a transient pre-recombination energy injection that increases the expansion rate before last scattering, reduces the sound horizon, and shifts the CMB-inferred value of $H_0$ upward. After the field is released, its energy density rapidly redshifts through a kination-like phase, ensuring that the early modification does not persist as an unwanted late-time contribution. At low redshift, the exponential tail drives quintessence-like evolution, naturally yielding $w_0>-1$ and $w_a<0$ while suppressing linear structure growth and moving $S_8$ in the observationally preferred direction. The analysis shows explicitly how this smooth single-field potential can produce the required sequence of early enhancement, rapid dilution, and late-time thawing behavior.

astro-ph.CO↗

Bohmian Quantum Cosmology from the Wheeler-DeWitt Equation

We construct a Bohmian quantum cosmological model for a spatially flat Friedmann Robertson Walker universe filled with a single scalar field whose potential provides a unified description of cold dark matter and dark energy at the background level. Starting from the Einstein-Hilbert action supplemented by a scalar field, we derive the minisuperspace Lagrangian and the associated canonical Hamiltonian formulation. By means of a nontrivial canonical transformation, the minisuperspace dynamics is mapped into that of a two dimensional hyperbolic oscillator with a fixed frequency ratio, rendering the Wheeler DeWitt equation exactly solvable by separation of variables. The resulting Wheeler-DeWitt solutions are expressed in terms of parabolic cylinder functions and are parametrised by a continuous separation constant, reflecting the constrained nature of the theory and the absence of a standard Schrodinger time parameter. Adopting the de Broglie-Bohm formulation, we derive deterministic guidance equations in minisuperspace and construct a well defined Bohmian Hubble parameter directly in terms of the pilot-wave phase. Finally, we present a Wheeler-DeWitt-derived toy wave function for which the Bohmian trajectories and the associated cosmological expansion history can be obtained analytically, reproducing the late time $Λ$CDM behaviour while exhibiting quantum modifications at earlier epochs.

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A null test of the Hubble tension

The origin of the Hubble tension remains one of the central open problems in modern cosmology, with competing explanations invoking either early-Universe physics, late-time modifications of cosmic expansion, or unresolved observational systematics. In this Letter we propose a new, purely geometric null test of the late-time expansion history that is exactly independent of the Hubble constant. By combining strong-lensing time-delay distances with gravitational-wave standard-siren luminosity distances, we construct a dimensionless ratio that depends only on the redshift dependence of the expansion rate and can be both predicted from early-Universe data and measured directly at late times, without relying on the cosmic distance ladder or the sound horizon. We show that the comparison between the early- and late-time determinations of this ratio provides a transparent consistency test of the standard cosmological expansion. When combined with an independent standard-siren measurement of $H_{0}$, this framework allows one to unambiguously distinguish between early- and late-time origins of the Hubble tension. With the forthcoming detection of lensed gravitational-wave standard sirens, the proposed test provides a timely and robust framework for probing this long-standing cosmological puzzle.

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Lensing by black holes within astrophysical environments

Astrophysical black holes are likely to be surrounded by various forms of matter in the form of disks or halos. While a number of studies have examined the impact of an environment on the lensing of light or gravitational waves from cosmological sources, these have, thus far, been carried out in either a Newtonian or post-Newtonian framework where the environment is superimposed on the black-hole spacetime. By using an exact solution in general relativity describing a black hole embedded within a realistic halo of Hernquist matter distribution, we study deflection angles and image amplification in a fully relativistic setup. It is shown that large ``bumps'', that also arise at the Newtonian and post-Newtonian levels, track the transition scale set by the halo parameters that control the strong-lensing upturn and can significantly adjust the inferences made for either the source or lens in various contexts. As an application, we consider ``echoes'' of gravitational waves, sourced by astrophysical lenses rather than being intrinsic to the compact object that produces the signal.

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Near-horizon Geodesic Instabilities and Anomalous Decay of Quasinormal Modes in Weyl Black Holes

We study the stability of the Weyl geometry considering an exact black hole solution. By calculating the geodesics of massless and massive scalar fields orbiting outside the Weyl black hole background and using the Lyapunov exponent, we show that geodesic instabilities, characterized by the Lyapunov exponent, appear in the asymptotically de Siter-like spacetime. Calculating the photon sphere's quasinormal modes (QNMs) of a scalar field perturbing the Weyl black hole, we find a relation connecting the QNMs with the Lyapunov exponent in the asymptotically de Siter-like spacetime. Furthermore, we study the anomalous decay rate of the QNMs connecting their behavior with the Lyapunov exponent.

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Inflation from a generalized exponential plateau: towards extra suppressed tensor-to-scalar ratios

We investigate a standard minimally-coupled scalar-field inflationary scenario, which is based on a new potential, with suitably generalized plateau features, that leads to extra small tensor-to-scalar ratios. In particular, we consider a specific three-parameter potential, which has a flatter plateau and a steeper well compared to the Starobinsky potential in the Einstein frame. We study the inflationary realization and we show that it guarantees a prolonged period of slow-roll inflation and a successful exit. Additionally, the steeper minimum leads to significantly suppressed tensor perturbations, and thus to an extra-small tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$, and we show that we are able to obtain $r$ values less than $10^{-5}$. Moreover, we calculate the reheating temperature showing that in order to be in agreement with observations one of the potential parameters should remain within specific bounds. Finally, performing an inverse conformal transformation to the Jordan frame we show that the considered potential corresponds to higher-order corrections to Starobinsky potential in the Einstein frame, and these corrections are the reason for the improved behavior of the tensor-to-scalar ratio.

astro-ph.CO↗

Modified gravity from Weyl connection and the $f(R,\cal{A})$ extension

We use Weyl connection and Weyl geometry in order to construct novel modified gravitational theories. In the simplest case where one uses only the Weyl-connection Ricci scalar as a Lagrangian, the theory recovers general relativity. However, by upgrading the Weyl field to a dynamical field with a general potential and/or general couplings constructed from its trace, leads to new modified gravity theories, where the extra degrees of freedom arise from the Weyl field. Additionally, since the Weyl-connection Ricci scalar differs from the Levi-Civita Ricci scalar by terms up to first derivatives of the Weyl field, the resulting field equations for both the metric and the Weyl field are of second order, and thus the theory is free from Ostrogradsky ghosts. Finally, we construct the most general theory, namely the $f(\tilde{R},\cal{A})$ gravity, which is also ghost free. Applying the above classes of theories at a cosmological framework we obtain an effective dark energy sector of geometrical origin. In the simplest class of theories we are able to obtain an effective cosmological constant, and thus we recover $Λ$CDM paradigm, nevertheless in more general cases we acquire a dynamical dark energy. These theories can reproduce the thermal history of the Universe, and the corresponding dark energy equation-of-state parameter presents a rich behavior.

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