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Gianluca Inguglia

Publications and source records attributed to Gianluca Inguglia.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2026

Agentic AI for Gravitational Wave Data Analysis: A Head-to-Head Comparison of Coding Agents Executing a Matched Filter Pipeline on Einstein Telescope Simulated Data

We report a methodological study of agentic AI in gravitational-wave data analysis: two systems, Claude Code (Anthropic) and Codex (OpenAI), autonomously executed the same simple end-to-end pipeline on Einstein Telescope (ET) simulated data, on shared infrastructure and without human intervention. The object of study is the behaviour, reliability and auditability of the agents, not the physics output, used here as a controlled test case. The pipeline comprises power spectral density estimation from simulated ET noise, geometric template bank generation with IMRPhenomD waveforms, matched-filter recovery of 100 binary black hole injections, results generation, and LLM-assisted production of a LaTeX manuscript in Physical Review D style. Both agents received identical specifications and resources. The experiment was run twice: first with unrealistically loud injections, then with signals rescaled to a physically motivated SNR range. In both runs the results converged, with comparable detection efficiency and template bank size. The agents, however, behaved very differently: Claude Code finished in about 3.4 minutes with silent deviations from the specification, while Codex needed about 16 minutes across explicit self-correcting restarts, including an unsolicited optimization of the matched-filter inner loop. In the second run, a subtle difference in interpreting the SNR-range instruction produced a genuine scientific divergence: Claude Code silently raised the SNR floor to 8 (100% efficiency), while Codex followed the specification literally down to SNR 7 and recorded one missed detection. We discuss the implications - speed versus auditability, silent deviation versus explicit self-correction, instruction interpretation, and intermediate data representations in multi-model pipelines - for agentic AI in scientific workflows, within the limits of a single-pipeline, two-run benchmark.

astro-ph.IM↗
arXiv2026

Towards an anomaly detection pipeline for gravitational waves at the Einstein Telescope

We present the implementation of an anomaly-detection algorithm based on a deep convolutional autoencoder for the search for gravitational waves (GWs) in time-frequency spectrograms. Our method targets short-duration ($\lesssim 2\,\text{s}$) GW signals, exemplified by mergers of compact objects forming or involving an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH). Such short signals are difficult to distinguish from background noise; yet their brevity makes them well-suited to machine-learning analyses with modest computational requirements. Using the data from the Einstein Telescope Mock Data Challenge as a benchmark, we demonstrate that the approach can successfully flag GW-like transients as anomalies in interferometer data of a single detector, achieving an initial detection efficiency of 23% for injected signals corresponding to IMBH-forming mergers. After introducing weak supervision, the model exhibits excellent generalisation and recovers all injected IMBH-forming mergers, independent of their total mass or signal-to-noise ratio, with a false-alarm rate due to statistical noise fluctuations of approximately 4.5 events per year for a single interferometer operating with a 100% duty cycle. The method also successfully identifies lower-mass mergers leading to the formation of black holes with mass larger than $\simeq 20\,M_\odot$. Our pipeline does not yet classify anomalies, distinguishing between actual GW signals and noise artefacts; however, it highlights any deviation from the learned background noise distribution for further scrutiny. These results demonstrate that anomaly detection offers a powerful, model-independent framework for future GW searches, paving the way toward fully automated and adaptive analysis pipelines.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2023

Light New Physics in $B\to K^{(*)}ν\barν$?

The study of the rare decays $B\to K^{(*)} ν\barν$ offers a window into the dynamics operating at the electroweak scale, allowing studies of the Standard Model and searches for heavy new physics. However, the analysis of these decays is also potentially sensitive to the on-shell production of new light bosons $X$ through the process $B\to K^{(*)} X$. In particular, Belle~II has recently measured $B^+\to K^+ν\barν$, finding a $2.8σ$ excess under the assumption of heavy new physics. Since this excess is rather localized in the kaon energy, a fit that includes the decay mode $B^+\to K^+ X$ to the kinematic distributions prefers $m_X\approx2\,$GeV with branching fraction Br$[B\to KX]=(8.8\pm2.5)\times 10^{-6}$ and a significance of $\approx3.6σ$. However, no excess was found in the BaBar measurements of $B\to K^{(*)} ν\barν$, and a global analysis of the Belle II and BaBar data leads to Br$[B\to KX]=(5.1\pm2.1)\times 10^{-6}$ with a reduced significance of $\approx2.4σ$. We then study various simplified dark-flavoured models and present a possible UV completion based on a gauged $B_3-L_3$ symmetry, highlighting the discovery potential of dedicated searches for $B\to K^{(*)}X$ at Belle II.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2022

Snowmass White Paper: Belle II physics reach and plans for the next decade and beyond

Belle II is an experiment operating at the intensity frontier. Over the next decades, it will record the decay of billions of bottom mesons, charm hadrons, and tau leptons produced in 10 GeV electron-positron collisions at the SuperKEKB high-luminosity collider at KEK. These data, collected in low-background and kinematically known conditions, will allow us to measure hundreds of parameters that test the standard model (SM) and probe for the existence of new particles, at mass scales orders of magnitudes higher than those studied at the energy frontier. We project our sensitivities for measurements that are of primary relevance and where Belle II will be unique or world leading for data corresponding to 1 to 50 ab$^{-1}$. Belle II will uniquely probe non-SM contributions in sensitive $b \to q\bar q s$ decays and charmless $b \to q\bar q d(u)$ decays, semileptonic $b \to s ν\barν$ and $s τ^+ τ^-$ decays, fully leptonic $b \to \ell ν$ decays, and select $c \to u$ processes. Belle II will lead exploration of non-SM physics in $b \to c τν$ and $b \to s γ$ decays and will most precisely determine the quark-mixing parameters $|V_{ub}|$ and $|V_{cb}|$. Belle II will measure many parameters in $τ$ physics to precisions that will be world leading for the foreseeable future, including the electric and magnetic dipole moments, branching fractions for charged-lepton-flavor-violating decays, and quantities that test lepton-flavor universality. Belle II will perform unique searches for dark-sector particles with masses in the MeV-GeV range. We will also pursue a broad spectroscopy program for conventional and multiquark $c \bar c$ and $b \bar b$ states and provide essential inputs to sharpen the interpretation of muon magnetic-anomaly results. Our exploration of uncharted regions of non-SM parameter space with high precision will reveal non-SM particles or set stringent constraints on their existence, guiding future endeavors.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2022

Testing Lepton Flavor Universality with Pion, Kaon, Tau, and Beta Decays

We present an overview of searches fo violation of lepton flavor universality with focus on low energy precision probes using pions, kaons, tau leptons, and nuclear beta decays. The current experimental results are reviewed, the theoretical status within the context of the Standard Model is summarized, and future prospects (both experimental and theoretical) are discussed. We review the implications of these measurements for physics beyond the Standard Model by performing a global model-independent fit to modified $W$ couplings to leptons and four-fermion operators. We also discuss new physics in the context of simplified models and review Standard Model extensions with focus on those which can explain a possible deviation from unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2022

Towards excluding a light $Z^\prime$ explanation of $b\to s\ell^+\ell^-$

The discrepancies between $b\to s\ell^+\ell^-$ data and the corresponding Standard Model predictions constitute the most significant hints for new physics (at the TeV scale or below) currently available. In fact, many scenarios that can account for these anomalies have been proposed in the literature. However, only a single light new physics explanation, i.e. with a mass below the $B$ meson scale, is possible: a light $Z^\prime$ boson. In this article, we point out that improved limits on $B\to K^{(*)}νν$, including the experimental sensitivities required for a proper treatment of the necessarily sizable $Z^\prime$ width, together with the forthcoming Belle~II analyses of $e^+e^-\toμ^+μ^-+{\rm invisible}$, can rule out a $Z^\prime$ explanation of $b\to s\ell^+\ell^-$ data with a mass below $\approx4\,$GeV. Importantly, such a light $Z^\prime$ is the only viable single particle solution to the $b\to s\ell^+\ell^-$ anomalies predicting $R(K^{(*)})>0$ in high $q^2$ bins, therefore providing an essential consistency test of data.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2021

Results of the 2021 ECFA Early-Career Researcher Survey on Training in Instrumentation

The European Committee for Future Accelerators (ECFA) Early-Career Researchers (ECR) Panel was invited by the ECFA Detector R&D Roadmap conveners to collect feedback from the European ECR community. A working group within the ECFA ECR panel held a Townhall Meeting to get first input, and then designed and broadly circulated a detailed survey to gather feedback from the larger ECR community. A total of 473 responses to this survey were received, providing a useful overview of the experiences of ECRs in instrumentation training and related topics. This report summarises the feedback received, and is intended to serve as an input to the ECFA Detector R&D Roadmap process.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2019

Dark Sector Physics at the Belle II Experiment

The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB energy-asymmetric $e^+ e^-$ collider is a substantial upgrade of the B factory facility at the Japanese KEK laboratory. The design luminosity of the machine is $8\times 10^{35}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ and the Belle II experiment aims to record 50 ab$^{-1}$ of data, a factor of 50 more than its predecessor. From February to July 2018, the machine has completed a commissioning run, achieved a peak luminosity of $5.5\times 10^{33}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, and Belle II has recorded a data sample of about 0.5 fb$^{-1}$. Main operation of SuperKEKB has started in March 2019. Already this early data set with specifically designed triggers offers the possibility to search for a large variety of dark sector particles in the GeV mass range complementary to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and dedicated low energy experiments; these searches will benefit from more data in the process of being accumulated. This talk will review the state of the dark sector searches at Belle II with a focus on the discovery potential of the early data, and show the first results.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2017

Studies of dark sector & B decays involving $τ$ at Belle and Belle II

The Belle II experiment aims to record 50 ab$^{-1}$ data with the high luminosity to be provided by the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy electron-positron collider. The anticipated high statistics data enables us to perform studies of $B$ decays involving $τ$ leptons such as $B^+ \to τ^+ ν_τ$ and $B \to D^{(*)} τ^+ ν_τ$ modes. The precise measurements of branching fraction and of the $τ$ lepton polarization in these $B$ decays provide a very sensitive indirect search for a charged Higgs boson. Belle II sensitivity for the charged Higgs is complementary to direct searches at ATLAS and CMS. With the large data sample and by using dedicated triggers the Belle II experiment is expected to explore dark sector by searching for visible and invisible decays of the dark photon and the dark Higgs boson, and by also searching for low mass dark matter with unprecedented precision.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2016

Belle II studies of missing energy decays and searches for dark photon production

The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider is a major upgrade of the KEK "$B$ factory" facility in Tsukuba, Japan. The machine is designed for an instantaneous luminosity of $8\times 10^{35}$~cm$^{-2}$\,s$^{-1}$, and the experiment is expected to accumulate a data sample of about 50 ab$^{-1}$ well within the next decade. With this amount of data, decays sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model can be studied with unprecedented precision. One promising set of modes are physics processes with missing energy such as $B^+\toτ^+ν_τ$, $B\to D^{(*)}τν_τ$, and $B\to K^{(*)}ν\barν$ decays. The Belle II data also allows searches for candidates for the dark photon, the gauge mediator of a hypothetical dark sector, which has received much attention in the context of dark matter models.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2014

Neutral meson tests of time-reversal symmetry invariance

The laws of quantum physics can be studied under the mathematical operation T that inverts the direction of time. Strong and electromagnetic forces are known to be invariant under temporal inversion, however the weak force is not. The BaBar experiment recently exploited the quantum-correlated production of pairs of B0 mesons to show that T is a broken symmetry. Here we show that it is possible to perform a wide range of tests of quark flavour changing processes under T in order to validate the Standard Model of particle physics covering b to u, d, s, and c transitions as well as c to u, d and s transitions using entangled B and D pairs created in Y(4S) and psi(3770) decays. We also note that pseudoscalar decays to two spin one particle final states provide an additional set of CP filter bases to use for T violation tests.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2013

Escaping from controversies in $CP$ violation measurements in charm decays

The breaking of the $CP$ symmetry in $D^0$ meson decays has been awaited for a long time. After a set of measurements provided by the LHCb, CDF, and Belle Collaborations leading in march 2012 to combined results that were consistent with no $CP$ violation at a CL of $0.006\%$ suggesting $CP$ violation at $\sim1\%$ level. Such a potentially large value of $CP$ violation in charm decays has triggered widespread interest from the whole particle physics community to evaluate the implications of such an interesting unexpected results. However, a more recent combination of more up-to-date results in March 2013, has slightly changed the situation, showing that data are consistent with the $CP$ conserving hypothesis at $2.1\%$ CL. I briefly review the method used by the various Collaborations when extracting the quantity $ΔA_{CP}$ and the relative results. Finally I discuss the need for additional measurements, and present the potential of a time-dependent analysis when looking for $CP$ violation in $D^0$ decays and how this can be used to largely improve the current sensitivity on the mixing phase $ϕ_{MIX}$.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2013

Time-dependent CP asymmetries in D and B decays

The measurement of time-dependent CP asymmetries in charm decays can provide a unique insight into the flavor changing structure of the Standard Model. We examine a number of different CP eigenstate decays of D mesons and describe a method that can be used to measure time-dependent CP asymmetries at existing and future experiments, with a preliminary assessment, based on statistical considerations, of their various capabilities. Any asymmetry observed in time-dependent analysis of neutral D mesons could signify new physics. We discuss the measurements required to perform direct and indirect tests of the charm unitarity triangle and the relationship between this and the B_d unitarity triangle. We also highlight that current experimental bounds on DeltaGamma(B_d) translate into a significant systematic uncertainty on the measurement of beta from b to c c-bar s decays.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2012

The Time Dependent CP Violation in Charm

A model which describes the time-dependent CP formalism in $D^0$ decays has recently been proposed. There it has been highlighted a possible measurement of the angle $β_c$, in the charm unitarity triangle, using the decays $D^0\to K^+ K^-$ and $D^0\to π^+ π^-$, and a measurement of the mixing phase $ϕ_{MIX}$. The same method can be used to measure the value of the parameter $x$, one of the two parameters defining charm mixing. We numerically evaluate the impact of a time-dependent analysis in terms of the possible outcomes from present and future experiments. We consider the scenarios of correlated $D^0$ mesons production at the center of mass energy of the $Ψ(3770)$ at Super$B$, uncorrelated production at the center of mass energy of the $Υ(4S)$ at Super$B$ and Belle II, and LHCb. Recently a hint of direct CP violation in charm decays was reported by the LHCb collaboration, we estimate the rate of time-dependent asymmetry that could be achieved using their available data, and we generalise the result for the full LHCb program. We conclude that LHCb is already able to perform a first measurement of $β_{c,eff}$, and slightly improve the present constraints on the parameters $x$ and $ϕ_{MIX}$. A more precise determination of $β_{c,eff}$, $ϕ_{MIX}$ and $x$ will require a larger data sample, and most probably the cleaner environment of the new high luminosities $B$-factories (both Super$B$ and Belle II) will be needed. We show that Super$B$ will be able to measure $β_{c,eff}$ and $ϕ_{MIX}$ with a precision of $1.4^o$ and improve the precision on $x$ by a factor of two.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2011

CP Violation in Charm: a New Method

We propose for the first time a method to perform analysis of time-dependent CP asymmetries in charm by using both, correlated and un-correlated $D^0$ mesons. Here we consider the decay channels $D^0\to K^+ K^-$ and $D^0\to π^+ π^-$. The channel $D^0\to K^+ K^-$ will be used to measure the mixing phase, and the difference between the measured phase $D^0\to K^+ K^-$ and $D^0\to π^+ π^-$ will open the door to the first measurement of $β_c$, one of the angle of the charm unitarity triangle. Since in the standard model CP asymmetries in charm are expected to be small, any observation of large time dependent asymmetries or mismatch between predicted and observed value for $ β_c$ could signify new physics. We perform and show results of numerical analysis made considering Super$B$ running at charm threshold, Super$B$ running at $Υ(4S)$ and LHCb and find that Super$B$ and LHCb will be able to measure $β_{c,eff}$ with a precision of $1.3^\circ$ and $1.4^\circ$ respectively. The same analysis shows that $ϕ_{MIX}$ could be measured at Super$B$ with a precision of $1.3^\circ$.

hep-ph↗