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Ginevra Braga

Publications and source records attributed to Ginevra Braga.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

AI--Assisted Exploration: DHOST Theories without Quantum Ghosts

We ask whether a local symmetry can organize both classical degeneracy and perturbative stability in DHOST theories. An AI-assisted search finds a candidate in a constant-disformal image of Einstein gravity. We identify it as a field-dependent diffeomorphism plus a vertical translation of a spectator scalar and extend it to every regular first-derivative map $\widetilde g_{μν}=C(ϕ,X)g_{μν}-D(ϕ,X)\nabla_μϕ\nabla_νϕ$, which pulls the spectator translation back to an exact local gauge redundancy. We derive its closed generator and show that $\mathcal J=C-XC_X+X^2D_X$ controls kinetic invertibility, the generator denominator and the metric-map determinant. This regular ($\mathcal J\neq0$) construction is distinct from non-invertible mimetic symmetry. We prove that a same-field sector $K(ϕ,\widetilde X)$ preserves the local shift exactly when its scalar density is variationally trivial. For one scalar on a generic branch this requires constant $K$; nonconstant $K(\widetilde X)$ leaves only a global shift. The multi-field extension has local group $\mathbb R^n$ and admits determinant-type topological exceptions for $n\geq d$. Under standard local BV hypotheses, the spectator, its ghost and their antifields form a contractible quartet, so the spectator fibre adds no independent local counterterm, gauge deformation or anomaly class. The constant-map Einstein image is a special two-mode quartic-Horndeski subclass, while regular nonconstant $K$ restores one scalar. Finally, the complete canonical Einstein--scalar one-loop divergence shows that $(\widetilde\Boxϕ)^2$ is equation-of-motion redundant at first loop order. The essential $\widetilde X^2$ pole pulls back to a first-derivative counterterm throughout the regular orbit and introduces no additional perturbative mode at $O(\hbar)$ within the stated hyperbolic EFT domain.

astro-ph.CO↗

Gravitational-wave lensing beyond rays: a disordered-system approach

We develop a framework to describe gravitational wave propagation through a stochastic distribution of weak gravitational lenses beyond the geometric optics limit. We model the lens distribution as a static random background field and formulate the problem in the language of quenched disorder, treating the disorder averaged density matrix as the fundamental object from which observables are computed. Using the Schwinger Keldysh formalism, we construct a path-integral representation of the averaged density matrix and derive its explicit form perturbatively for a suitable class of couplings. The result naturally separates into a quadratic exponential term, which governs the suppression of phase sensitive contributions in the averaged description, and a purely oscillatory contribution, which modifies coherent propagation through a disorder-induced correction to the propagation kernel. This provides a unified description of interference, diffraction, and statistical fluctuations of the lens distribution within a single framework. We also identify the physical scales controlling the onset of coherence loss and illustrate the formalism in the case of Gaussian wave packets. More generally, the derivation applies to any system described by the same class of actions, making the framework relevant beyond gravitational wave lensing to wave propagation in disordered media.

astro-ph.CO↗

Proper time path integrals for gravitational waves: an improved wave optics framework

When gravitational waves travel from their source to an observer, they interact with matter structures along their path, causing distinct deformations in their waveforms. In this study we introduce a novel theoretical framework for wave optics effects in gravitational lensing, addressing the limitations of existing approaches. We achieve this by incorporating the proper time technique, typically used in field theory studies, into gravitational lensing. This approach allows us to extend the standard formalism beyond the eikonal and paraxial approximations, which are traditionally assumed, and to account for polarization effects, which are typically neglected in the literature. We demonstrate that our method provides a robust generalization of conventional approaches, including them as special cases. Our findings enhance our understanding of gravitational wave propagation, which is crucial for accurately interpreting gravitational wave observations and extracting unbiased information about the lenses from the gravitational wave waveforms.

astro-ph.CO↗