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Girish Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to Girish Kumar.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Charged lepton flavor violation in light of Muon $g-2$

The recent confirmation of the muon $g-2$ anomaly by the Fermilab g-2 experiment may harbinger a new era in $μ$ and $τ$ physics. In the context of general two Higgs doublet model, the discrepancy can be explained via one-loop exchange of sub-TeV exotic scalar and pseudoscalars, namely $H$ and $A$, that have flavor changing neutral couplings $ρ_{τμ}$ and $ρ_{μτ}$ at $\sim 20$ times the usual tau Yukawa coupling, $λ_τ$. Taking $ρ_{\ell\ell^\prime}\sim λ_{ \rm min(\ell, \ell^\prime)}$, we show that the above solution to muon $g-2$ then predicts enhanced rates of various charged lepton flavor violating processes, which should be accessible at upcoming experiments. We cover muon related processes such as $μ\to e γ$, $μ\to eee$ and $μN \to e N$, and $τ$ decays $τ\to μγ$ and $τ\to μμμ$. A similar one-loop diagram with $ρ_{eτ}= ρ_{τe} = {\cal O}(λ_e)$ induces $μ\to eγ$, bringing the rate right into the sensitivity of the MEG~II experiment. The $μeγ$ dipole can be probed further by $μ\to 3e$ and $μN \to e N$. With its promised sensitivity range and ability to use different nuclei, the $μN \to eN$ conversion experiments can not only make discovery, but access the extra diagonal quark Yukawa couplings $ρ_{qq}$. For the $τ$ lepton, we find that $τ\to μγ$ would probe $ρ_{ττ}$ down to $λ_τ$ or lower, while $τ\to 3μ$ would probe $ρ_{μμ}$ to ${\cal O}(λ_μ)$.

hep-ph↗

Collider Prospects for Muon $g-2$ in General Two Higgs Doublet Model

Recent progress on muon $g-2$ measurement prompts one to take it even more seriously. In the general two Higgs doublet model that allows extra Yukawa couplings, we take a simplified approach of single enhanced coupling. We fix the charged lepton flavor violating coupling, $ρ_{τμ} = ρ_{μτ}$, via the one-loop mechanism, for illustrative masses of the heavy scalar $H$ and pseudoscalar $A$, where we assume $m_A = m_{H^+}$. Since extra top Yukawa couplings are plausibly the largest, we turn on $ρ_{tt}$ and find that LHC search for $gg \to H,\,A \to τμ$ gives more stringent bound than from $τ\to μγ$ with two-loop mechanism. Turning on a second extra top Yukawa coupling, $ρ_{tc}$, can loosen the bound on $ρ_{tt}$, but LHC constraints can again be more stringent than from $B \to Dμν$ vs $Deν$ universality. This means that evidence for $H,\,A \to τμ$ may yet emerge with full LHC Run 2 data, while direct search for $τ^\pmμ^\mp bW^+$ or $t\bar cbW^+$ (plus conjugate) may also bear fruit.

hep-ph↗

TextSETTR: Few-Shot Text Style Extraction and Tunable Targeted Restyling

We present a novel approach to the problem of text style transfer. Unlike previous approaches requiring style-labeled training data, our method makes use of readily-available unlabeled text by relying on the implicit connection in style between adjacent sentences, and uses labeled data only at inference time. We adapt T5 (Raffel et al., 2020), a strong pretrained text-to-text model, to extract a style vector from text and use it to condition the decoder to perform style transfer. As our label-free training results in a style vector space encoding many facets of style, we recast transfers as "targeted restyling" vector operations that adjust specific attributes of the input while preserving others. We demonstrate that training on unlabeled Amazon reviews data results in a model that is competitive on sentiment transfer, even compared to models trained fully on labeled data. Furthermore, applying our novel method to a diverse corpus of unlabeled web text results in a single model capable of transferring along multiple dimensions of style (dialect, emotiveness, formality, politeness, sentiment) despite no additional training and using only a handful of exemplars at inference time.

cs.CL↗

Muon Flavor Violation in Two Higgs Doublet Model with Extra Yukawa Couplings

The new round of experiments, MEG II, COMET/Mu2e, and Mu3e, would soon start to push the $μ\to eγ$, $μN \to eN$ conversion, and $μ\to 3e$ frontier, while Belle II would probe $τ\to μγ$ and $τ\to 3μ$. In the general two Higgs doublet model with extra Yukawa couplings, we show that all these processes probe the lepton flavor violating (LFV) dipole transition that arises from the two loop mechanism, with scalar-induced contact terms subdominant. This is because existing data suggest the extra Yukawa couplings $ρ_{μe},\, ρ_{ee} \lesssim λ_e$, while $ρ_{τμ},\, ρ_{ττ} \lesssim λ_τ$ and $ρ_{tt} \lesssim λ_t$, with $λ_i$ the usual Yukawa coupling of the Standard Model (SM), where $ρ_{μe}ρ_{tt}$ and $ρ_{τμ}ρ_{tt}$ enter the $μeγ$ and $τμγ$ two loop amplitudes, respectively. With the $B_s \to μμ$ decay rate basically consistent with SM expectation, together with the $B_s$ mixing constraint, we show that $B_s \to ττ$ would also be consistent with SM, while $B_s \to τμ$ and $B \to Kτμ$ decays would be out of reach of projected sensitivities, in strong contrast with some models motivated by the B anomalies.

hep-ph↗

The Coming Decade of $h \to τμ$ and $τ\to μγ$ Interplay in $τ$ Flavor Violation Search

We explore the interplay between $h(125) \to τμ$ search at the LHC and $τ\to μγ$ at the up and coming Belle~II experiment, in context of the general two Higgs doublet model with extra Yukawa couplings such as $ρ_{τμ}$. The search for $h \to τμ$ constrains $ρ_{τμ} \cosγ$, where $\cosγ$ is the $h$--$H$ mixing angle of $h$ with the exotic $CP$-even scalar $H$. For $τ\to μγ$, we define the "BSM-benchmark" by setting the extra top Yukawa coupling $ρ_{tt} = 1\ (\cong λ_t)$ in two-loop diagrams, and $\cosγ= 0$ to decouple $h$. We show that this leading effect due to $H$ and $CP$-odd scalar $A$ can be readily probed by Belle~II, even for the conservative value of $ρ_{τμ} = 0.7λ_τ$. We define the subleading "$h$-benchmark" by setting $ρ_{tt} = 0$ in two-loop diagrams, and take the conservative maximal value of $\cosγ= 0.2$. We show that it falls beyond Belle~II reach, but can interfere with the BSM-benchmark effect, which in principle probes the phase of $ρ_{tt}$. We further show that the one-loop $H$, $A$ effect, proportional to $ρ_{τμ}ρ_{ττ}$ in amplitude, is beyond the sensitivity of Belle~II to probe, even for $ρ_{ττ}$ as large as $3λ_τ$. With the working assumption that $ρ_{32}^f, ρ_{33}^f = {\cal O}(λ_3^f)$ for all charged fermions $f$, we find good discovery potential for both $τ$ lepton flavor violation searches in the coming decade.

hep-ph↗

A Repository of Conversational Datasets

Progress in Machine Learning is often driven by the availability of large datasets, and consistent evaluation metrics for comparing modeling approaches. To this end, we present a repository of conversational datasets consisting of hundreds of millions of examples, and a standardised evaluation procedure for conversational response selection models using '1-of-100 accuracy'. The repository contains scripts that allow researchers to reproduce the standard datasets, or to adapt the pre-processing and data filtering steps to their needs. We introduce and evaluate several competitive baselines for conversational response selection, whose implementations are shared in the repository, as well as a neural encoder model that is trained on the entire training set.

cs.CL↗

Tensors for tending to tensions in $ τ$ decays

We propose a manifestly gauge invariant effective tensor operator that can account for the $ CP $ asymmetry anomaly in $ τ$ decays, contrary to the claim made in literature. Additionally, this operator can also help in resolving the long-standing discrepancy in the value of $ V_{us} $ extracted from inclusive $ τ$ decays. By construction, the operator evades bounds from neutron electric dipole moment, while keeping the extraction of $ V_{us} $ from exclusive $ τ$ decays unaffected. We explicitly provide a renormalizable model of flavor symmetries that yields the desired effective tensor operator.

hep-ph↗

Efficient implementation of the Wang-Landau algorithm for systems with length-scalable potential energy functions

We consider a class of systems where $N$ identical particles with positions ${\bf q}_1,...,{\bf q}_N$ and momenta ${\bf p}_1,...,{\bf p}_N$ are enclosed in a box of size $L$, and exhibit the scaling $\mathcal{U}(L{\bf r}_1,...,L{\bf r}_N)=α(L)\, \mathcal{U}({\bf r}_1,...,{\bf r}_N)$ for the associated potential energy function $\mathcal{U}({\bf q}_1,...,{\bf q}_N)$. For these systems, we propose an efficient implementation of the Wang-Landau algorithm for evaluating thermodynamic observables involving energy and volume fluctuations in the microcanonical description, and temperature and volume fluctuations in the canonical description. This requires performing the Wang-Landau simulation in a scaled box of unit size and evaluating the density of states corresponding to the potential energy part only. To demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, as example systems, we consider Padmanabhan's binary star model and an ideal gas trapped in a harmonic potential within the box.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

$B\to K^\ast_2(1430)\ell^+\ell^-$ distributions in Standard Model at large recoil

We study the rare decay $B\to K_2^\ast(1430)(\to Kπ)\ell^+\ell^-$ in the Standard Model and beyond. Working in the transversity basis, we exploit the relations between the heavy-to-light form factors in the limit of heavy quark ($m_b\to \infty$) and large energy ($E_{K_2^\ast}\to \infty$) of the $K^\ast_2$ meson. This allows us to construct observables where at leading order in $Λ_{\rm QCD}/m_b$ and $α_s$ the form factor dependence involving the $B\to K^\ast_2$ transitions cancels. Higher order corrections are systematically incorporated in the numerical analysis. In the Standard Model the decay has a sizable branching ratio and therefore a large number of events can be expected at LHCb. Going beyond the Standard Model, we explore the implications of the global fit to presently available $b\to s\ell^+\ell^-$ data on the $B\to K_2^\ast \ell^+\ell^-$ observables.

hep-ph↗

Reconciling $B$-meson Anomalies, Neutrino Masses and Dark Matter

We explore the connection of the leptoquark solution to the recently reported $B$-meson anomalies with a mechanism of neutrino mass generation and a viable dark matter candidate. We consider a model consisting of two scalar leptoquarks and three generations of triplet fermions: neutrino masses are radiatively generated at the 3-loop level and, by imposing a discrete $Z_2$ symmetry, one can obtain a viable dark matter candidate. We discuss the constraints on the flavour structure of this model arising from numerous flavour observables. The rare decay $K\to π^+ν\barν$ and charged lepton flavour violating $μ-e$ conversion in nuclei are found to provide the most stringent constraint on this class of models.

hep-ph↗

Reconciling $B$-decay anomalies with neutrino masses, dark matter and constraints from flavour violation

Motivated by an explanation of the $R_{K^{(*)}}$ anomalies, we propose a Standard Model extension via two scalar SU(2)$_L$ triplet leptoquarks and three generations of triplet Majorana fermions. The gauge group is reinforced by a $Z_2$ symmetry, ensuring the stability of the lightest $Z_2$-odd particle, which is a potentially viable dark matter candidate. Neutrino mass generation occurs radiatively (at the three-loop level), and leads to important constraints on the leptoquark couplings to leptons. We consider very generic textures for the flavour structure of the $h_1$ leptoquark Yukawa couplings, identifying classes of textures which succeed in saturating the $R_{K^{(*)}}$ anomalies. We subsequently carry a comprehensive analysis of the model's contributions to numerous high-intensity observables such as meson oscillations and decays, as well as charged lepton flavour violating processes, which put severe constraints on the flavour structure of these leptoquark extensions. Our findings suggest that the most constraining observables are $K^+ \to π^+ ν\bar ν$ decays, and charged lepton flavour violating $μ-e$ conversion in nuclei (among others). Nevertheless, for several classes of flavour textures and for wide mass regimes of the new mediators (within collider reach), this Standard Model extension successfully addresses neutrino mass generation, explains the current $R_{K^{(*)}}$ tensions, and offers a viable dark matter candidate.

hep-ph↗

Question-Answer Selection in User to User Marketplace Conversations

Sellers in user to user marketplaces can be inundated with questions from potential buyers. Answers are often already available in the product description. We collected a dataset of around 590K such questions and answers from conversations in an online marketplace. We propose a question answering system that selects a sentence from the product description using a neural-network ranking model. We explore multiple encoding strategies, with recurrent neural networks and feed-forward attention layers yielding good results. This paper presents a demo to interactively pose buyer questions and visualize the ranking scores of product description sentences from live online listings.

cs.CL↗

Scrutinizing $R$-parity violating interactions in light of $R_{K^{(\ast)}}$ data

The LHCb has measured the ratios of $B\to K^\astμ^+μ^-$ to $B\to K^\ast e^+ e^-$ branching fractions in two dilepton invariant mass squared bins, which deviate from the Standard Model predictions by approximately $2.5σ$. These new measurements strengthen the hint of lepton flavor universality breaking which was observed earlier in $B\to K\ell^+\ell^-$ decays. In this work we explore the possibility of explaining these anomalies within the framework of $R$-parity violating interactions. In this framework, $b\to s\ell^+\ell^-$ transitions are generated through tree and one loop diagrams involving exchange of down-type right-handed squarks, up-type left-handed squarks and left-handed sneutrinos. We find that the tree level contributions are not enough to explain the anomalies, but at one loop, simultaneous explanation of the deviations in $B\to K^\ast\ell^+\ell^-$ and $B\to K\ell^+\ell^-$ is feasible for a parameter space of the Yukawa couplings that is consistent with the bounds coming from $B\to K^{(\ast)}ν\barν$ and $D^0\to μ^+μ^-$ decays and $B_s-\bar{B}_s$ mixing.

hep-ph↗

Towards a unified explanation of $R_{D^{(\ast)}}$, $R_{K}$ and $(g-2)_μ$ anomalies in a left-right model with leptoquarks

We present a unified explanation for the $B$-decay anomalies in $R_{D^{(\ast)}}$ and $R_{K}$ together with the anomalous muon magnetic moment, consistent with the constraints from the current measurements of leptonic decay rates and $D^0-\bar{D}^0$, $B_{s}^0-\bar{B}_{s}^0$ mixings, within the framework of a minimal left-right symmetric gauge theory motivated by one of the low-energy subgroups of $E_{6}$ naturally accommodating leptoquarks.

hep-ph↗

Constraints on Scalar Leptoquark from Kaon Sector

Recently, several anomalies in flavor physics have been observed, and it was noticed that leptoquarks might account for the deviations from the Standard Model. In this work, we examine the effects of new physics originating from a scalar leptoquark model on the kaon sector. The leptoquark we consider is a TeV-scale particle and within the reach of the LHC. We use the existing experimental data on the several kaon processes including $K^{0}-\bar{K}^{0}$ mixing, rare decays $K^{+} \rightarrow π^{+} ν\barν$, $ K_L \rightarrow π^0 ν\barν$, short-distance part of $K_L\rightarrow μ^{+}μ^{-}$, and lepton-flavor-violating decay $K_L\rightarrow μ^{\pm} e^{\mp}$ to obtain useful constraints on the model.

hep-ph↗

$\bar{B}\rightarrow D^{(\ast)}τ\barν$ excesses in ALRSM constrained from $B$, $D$ decays and $D^{0}-\bar{D}^{0}$ mixing

Recent experimental results from the LHCb, BaBar and Belle collaborations on the semitauonic decays of $B$ meson, $\bar{B}\rightarrow D^{(\ast)}τ\barν$, showing a significant deviation from the Standard Model (SM), hint towards a new physics scenario beyond the SM. In this work, we show that these enhanced decay rates can be explained within the framework of $E_{6}$ motivated Alternative Left-Right Symmetric Model (ALRSM), which has been successful in explaining the recent CMS excesses and has the feature of accommodating high scale leptogenesis. The R-parity conserving couplings in ALRSM can contribute universally to both $\bar{B}\rightarrow D τ\barν$ and $\bar{B}\rightarrow D^{(\ast)}τ\barν$ via the exchange of scalar leptoquarks. We study the leptonic decays $D_{s}^{+} \rightarrow τ^{+} \barν$, $B^{+}\rightarrow τ^{+} \barν$, $D^{+}\rightarrow τ^{+} \barν$ and $D^{0}$-$\bar{D}^{0}$ mixing to constrain the couplings involved in explaining the enhanced $B$ decay rates and we find that ALRSM can explain the current experimental data on $\mathcal{R}(D^{(\ast)})$ quite well while satisfying these constraints.

hep-ph↗

$B\rightarrow K^{*}l^+ l^-$: Zeroes of angular observables as test of standard model

We calculate the zeroes of angular observables $P_4^{'}$ and $P_5^{'}$ of 4 - body angular distribution of $B\rightarrow K^{*} (\rightarrow K π) l^+ l^-$ where LHCb, in its analysis of form factor independent angular observables, has found deviations from standard model predictions in one of the $q^2$ bins. In the large recoil region, we obtain relations between the zeroes of $P_4^{'}$, $P_5^{'}$ and the zero of forward-backward asymmetry of lepton pair. These relations, in the considered region, are independent of hadronic uncertainties and depend only on Wilson coefficients. We also construct a new observable, $\mathcal{O}_T^{L,R}$, whose zero in the standard model coincides with the zero of forward-backward asymmetry but in presence of new physics contributions will show different behavior. Moreover, the profile of the new observable, even within the standard model, is very different from the forward backward asymmetry. We point out that precise measurements of these zeroes in near future would provide crucial test of the standard model and would be useful in distinguishing between different possible new physics contributions to Wilson coefficients.

hep-ph↗