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Giulia Zanderighi

Publications and source records attributed to Giulia Zanderighi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

A Task Force on Strong Coupling Determinations from Event Shapes

The strong coupling constant $\alpha_s$ is a fundamental parameter of the Standard Model. Its precise determination is essential for accurately predicting, studying, and understanding processes at the Large Hadron Collider and future experiments such as the Future Circular Collider. Event shape and correlator observables measured at electron-positron colliders provide one of the cleanest environments for extracting $\alpha_s$, thanks to their sensitivity to $\alpha_s$ and the availability of high-precision data from the Large Electron-Positron Collider. More broadly, such observables provide an ideal setting to develop and test our understanding of the perturbative and non-perturbative elements of Quantum Chromodynamics, which will underpin the field's precision and discovery frontiers for decades to come. Despite these advances, significant discrepancies persist between different determinations of $\alpha_s$ from event shapes, both in the extracted central values and estimated uncertainties. This document motivates the establishment of a dedicated Task Force to coordinate a community-wide effort addressing these open questions. We report on the first two-day meeting held at CERN in November 2025, summarizing the scientific discussion and documenting the experimental analyses identified as priorities during the meeting, as well as the concrete list of tasks to be carried out by the theory community in preparation for future meetings.

hep-ph

Matrix element method at NLO: A fine proof of concept in POWHEG

The matrix element method (MEM) provides a fully probabilistic approach to confront experimental events with theory, retaining all correlations in the scattering matrix element. While leading-order MEM is widely used and automated, extending it to next-to-leading order (NLO) in QCD is challenging due to infrared divergences, negative weights, extra final-state partons, and multi-dimensional phase-space integration. We demonstrate that the POWHEG method offers a practical path to MEM at NLO accuracy. By projecting real-emission events onto Born kinematics via the mappings inherited from the $\tilde{B} (\Phi)$ function, our method consistently includes the hardest QCD radiation while preserving the NLO-accurate normalization. As a proof of concept, we apply it to fully leptonic $W^+ W^-$ production in the Standard Model (SM) effective field theory, focusing on a CP-even dimension-six triple-gauge-boson operator. Our NLO MEM implementation acts as a near-optimal classifier, exploiting spin- and polarization-dependent correlations among the final-state leptons to efficiently distinguish beyond-the-SM (BSM) from SM events. This demonstrates the potential of MEM at NLO for precision studies of electroweak processes and subtle BSM effects.

hep-ph

NNLO+PS Higgs-pair production in MiNNLOPS

We consider Higgs-boson pair production in gluon fusion at hadron colliders and match next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) QCD corrections to parton showers within the MiNNLO$_{PS}$ framework. Since the full top-quark mass dependence at this order is not available, finite top-quark mass effects are incorporated through approximations based on the exact NLO QCD result, using the available two-loop amplitude in the full theory. Specifically, the Born, single-virtual, single-real and double-real contributions are included exactly, while the real--virtual and double-virtual corrections are approximated. We consider different approximations for the latter to assess the associated uncertainties. We validate our predictions against fixed-order NNLO QCD results and compare with existing NNLO calculations matched to parton shower from GENEVA, where in some cases we find noticeable differences. Finally, we present phenomenological results for different Higgs-decay channels and variations of the trilinear Higgs coupling. Our MiNNLO$_{PS}$ generator for Higgs-boson pair production is available within the POWHEG-BOX-RES framework.

hep-ph

Modelling $b\bar b H$ production for the LHC at 13.6 TeV

We present new state-of-the-art predictions for Standard Model Higgs boson production in association with a bottom-quark pair ($b\bar bH$). Updated cross sections are computed in accordance with the recommendations of the LHC Higgs Working Group, including the use of the PDF4LHC21 set of parton distribution functions, with a center-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV. For the total inclusive cross section, we provide matched predictions of the massless five-flavour scheme and the massive four-flavour scheme at the fixed-order level. We further present recently obtained simulations matched to parton showers in both flavour schemes within the Standard Model, and also discuss them in the context of potential Beyond-the-Standard-Model scenarios. In the massless scheme, we compare different next-to-next-to-leading order predictions matched to parton showers obtained through the MiNNLOPS and GENEVA generators. In addition, the role of four-flavour scheme predictions is studied as a background to $HH$ searches, considering both the top-quark and bottom-quark Yukawa contributions to $b\bar bH$ production. Finally, we analyse the sensitivity of the Higgs transverse momentum spectrum to light-quark Yukawa couplings in the diphoton decay channel based on MiNNLOPS simulations.

hep-ph

HOPPET v2 release note

We document the three main new features in the v2 release series of the HOPPET parton distribution function evolution code, specifically support for N$^3$LO QCD evolution in the variable flavour number scheme, for the determination of hadronic structure functions for massless quarks up to N$^3$LO, and for QED evolution to an accuracy phenomenologically equivalent to NNLO QCD. Additionally we describe a new Python interface, CMake build option, functionality to save a hoppet table as an LHAPDF grid and update our performance benchmarks, including optimisations in interpolating PDF tables.

hep-ph

Polarized-boson pairs at NLO in the SMEFT

We present a computation of diboson production in the $W^\pm Z$ channel at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), incorporating leptonic decays of the gauge bosons and considering intermediate gauge bosons with definite polarization states. The analysis includes contributions from the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) and is carried out at next-to-leading order accuracy in QCD, matched to a parton-shower simulation. Our implementation allows for the selection of specific helicity configurations, both in the Standard Model and in the presence of dimension-six operators inducing anomalous triple-gauge-boson couplings. This work provides a key ingredient for both polarization-template and quantum-tomography analyses of diboson systems at the LHC within the SMEFT framework.

hep-ph

Parton-shower and fixed-order QCD effects in Higgs-boson production in weak-boson fusion and its decays to bottom quarks

Recently, it was observed [arXiv:2407.09363] that an aggressive cut on the $b$-jets' transverse momenta applied to Higgs-boson production in weak-boson fusion followed by the decay $H \to b \bar b$, leads to very large QCD corrections to the fiducial cross section. In this paper we show that these corrections are caused by soft and collinear QCD radiation and, therefore, can be efficiently treated by a parton shower. We combine the parton-shower description of the decay $H \to b \bar b$ with NNLO QCD corrections to Higgs production in weak-boson fusion and its subsequent decay, and demonstrate that the quality of the theoretical prediction is markedly improved even if $b$-jets with rather high transverse momenta are selected. The remaining uncertainty of the theoretical prediction, mainly driven by imprecise modelling of $H \to b \bar b$ decay, is estimated to be of the order of $\mathcal{O}(5{-}7\%)$.

hep-ph

A new probe of the quartic Higgs self-coupling

We calculate the corrections to the Higgs wave-function renormalization constant arising from modified cubic, quartic, and quintic Higgs self-couplings up to the two-loop level. Using our analytic results, we derive two-dimensional constraints on the modifications of the considered Higgs self-interactions that could potentially be set from precision measurements of single-Higgs production processes at the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and a Future Circular Collider. Our novel constraints are compared to those that might be set by searches for multi-Higgs production at the same facilities. In view of the first LHC results on triple-Higgs production, we also review the current status of Higgs self-coupling determinations after LHC Run 2.

hep-ph

Precise Standard-Model predictions for polarised Z-boson pair production and decay at the LHC

Providing accurate theoretical predictions in the Standard Model for processes with polarised electroweak bosons is crucial to understand more in-depth the electroweak-symmetry breaking mechanism and to enhance the sensitivity to potential new-physics effects. Motivated by the rapidly increasing number of polarisation analyses of di-boson processes with LHC data, we carry out a comprehensive study of the inclusive production of two polarised Z bosons in the decay channel with four charged leptons. We perform a detailed comparison of fixed-order predictions obtained with various Monte Carlo programs which rely on different signal-definition strategies, assessing non-resonant and interference effects by contrasting polarised results with unpolarised and full off-shell ones. For the first time, we accomplish the combination of NNLO QCD and NLO EW corrections, setting the new state-of-the-art perturbative accuracy for polarised Z-boson pairs at the LHC. The impact of parton-shower matching and multi-jet merging is investigated by scrutinising calculations obtained with event generators that are typically used in experimental analyses. Integrated and differential results are discussed in a realistic fiducial setup and compared to publicly available ATLAS results.

hep-ph

Fits of $\alpha_s$ from event-shapes in the three-jet region: extension to all energies

This work is an extension of a previous publication [1] where we fitted the strong coupling $\alpha_s$ together with the non-perturbative parameter $\alpha_0$ from event-shape and jet-shape distributions using power corrections computed in the three-jet region. In ref. [1] only ALEPH data at the $Z$-pole were used in the fit. Here, instead, we include a large data sample from various $e^+e^-$ experiments at energies ranging from 22 to 207 GeV and revisited the treatment of theoretical uncertainties. We find that the inclusion of different energies, while not changing the central fit result considerably, helps to disentangle the dependence of perturbative and non-perturbative corrections. Our best fit result is $\alpha_s(M_Z) = 0.1181 (+0.0002 -0.0005) (+0.0018 -0.0021)$, where the first error includes experimental uncertianties and the second one includes uncertainties associated with scale variation, mass effects, fit limits, non-perturbative schemes and non-perturbative uncertainties.

hep-ph

Higgs boson production in association with massive bottom quarks at NNLO+PS

We study the production of a Higgs boson in association with a bottom-quark pair ($b \bar b H$) at hadron colliders. Our calculation is performed in the four-flavour scheme with massive bottom quarks. This work presents the first computation of next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) QCD corrections to this process, and we combine them with all-order radiative corrections from a parton shower simulation (NNLO+PS). The calculation is exact, except for the two-loop amplitude, which is evaluated in the small quark mass expansion, which is an excellent approximation for bottom quarks at LHC energies. For the NNLO+PS matching, we employ the MiNNLO$_{\rm PS}$ method for heavy-quark plus colour-singlet production within the POWHEG framework. We present an extensive phenomenological analysis both at the inclusive level and considering bottom jets using flavour-tagging algorithms. By comparing four-flavour and five-flavour scheme predictions at NNLO+PS, we find that the NNLO corrections in the four-flavour scheme resolve the long-standing tension between the two schemes. Finally, we show that our NNLO+PS predictions also have important implications on modelling the $b\bar b H$ background in Higgs-pair measurements.

hep-ph

The photon parton distribution function: updates and applications

The photon parton distribution function (PDF) of the proton is crucial for precise comparisons of LHC cross sections with theoretical predictions. However, it was previously affected by very large uncertainties of around ${\cal O}(100\%)$ or dependent upon phenomenologically inspired models. In the paper~\cite{Manohar:2016nzj}, we demonstrated how the photon PDF could be determined using the proton structure functions $F_2$ and $F_L$ measured in electron--proton scattering experiments. We provided an explicit formula for the PDF, which can be systematically improved order by order in perturbation theory. We obtained a photon PDF with errors $\lesssim 2$\% for $10^{-4} < x < 0.1$. Here, we recall the underlying idea and method used to obtain this result, as well as the progress made since then.

hep-ph

NNLO+PS predictions for Higgs production through bottom-quark fusion

We present next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) QCD corrections for Higgs production through bottom-quark annihilation (\bbH{}) matched to parton showers (NNLO+PS) using the \minnlo{} technique. The \minnlo{} method is adapted for the extra scale dependence due to the Yukawa coupling renormalized in the $\overline{\rm MS}$ scheme. The computation has been carried out in the five flavour scheme (5FS) neglecting the bottom mass. Results are compared against fixed-order predictions at NNLO and resummed predictions at next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic (NNLL) accuracy. We also present preliminary results within the four-flavour scheme (4FS) setup, reaching a new level of precision in the massive scheme.

hep-ph

An event generator for neutrino-induced Deep Inelastic Scattering and applications to neutrino astronomy

We extend the recently presented, fully exclusive, next-to-leading-order accurate event generator for the simulation of massless neutral- and charged-current deep inelastic scattering (DIS) to the case of incoming neutrinos. The generator can be used to study neutrino-nucleon interactions at (ultra) high energies, and is relevant for a range of fixed-target collider experiments and large-volume neutrino detectors, investigating atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos. The matching with multi-purpose event generators such as PYTHIA 8 is performed with the POWHEG method, and accounts for parton showering and non-perturbative effects such as hadronization. This makes it possible to investigate higher-order perturbative corrections to realistic observables, such as the distribution of charged particles. To illustrate the capabilities of the code we provide predictions for several differential distributions in fixed-target collisions for neutrino energies up to 1 PeV.

hep-ph

HHH Whitepaper

We here report on the progress of the HHH Workshop, that took place in Dubrovnik in July 2023. After the discovery of a particle that complies with the properties of the Higgs boson of the Standard Model, all Standard Model (SM) parameters are in principle determined. However, in order to verify or falsify the model, the full form of the potential has to be determined. This includes the measurement of the triple and quartic scalar couplings. We here report on ongoing progress of measurements for multi-scalar final states, with an emphasis on three SM-like scalar bosons at 125 GeV, but also mentioning other options. We discuss both experimental progress and challenges as well as theoretical studies and models that can enhance such rates with respect to the SM predictions

hep-ph

NNLO+PS predictions for Higgs production through bottom-quark annihilation with MINNLO$_{\text{PS}}$

We consider Higgs production through bottom-quark annihilation at hadron colliders and we calculate next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) corrections in QCD perturbation theory matched to parton showers (NNLO+PS). To this end, we have adapted the MINNLO$_{\text{PS}}$ method to account for the extra scale dependence induced by an overall Yukawa coupling that is $\overline{\rm MS}$ renormalized. We compare our results against state-of-the-art fixed-order predictions at NNLO as well as resummed predictions at next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic (NNLL) accuracy.

hep-ph

A POWHEG generator for deep inelastic scattering

We present a new event generator for the simulation of both neutral- and charged-current deep inelastic scattering (DIS) at next-to-leading order in QCD matched to parton showers using the POWHEG method. Our implementation builds on the existing POWHEG BOX framework originally designed for hadron-hadron collisions, supplemented by considerable extensions to account for the genuinely different kinematics inherent to lepton-hadron collisions. In particular, we present new momentum mappings that conserve the special kinematics found in DIS, which we use to modify the POWHEG BOX implementation of the Frixione-Kunszt-Signer subtraction mechanism. We compare our predictions to fixed-order and resummed predictions, as well as to data from the HERA ep collider. Finally we study a few representative distributions for the upcoming Electron Ion Collider.

hep-ph

Jettiness formulation of the MINNLO$_{\text{PS}}$ method

We present a new formulation of the MINNLO method to match NNLO QCD calculations with parton showers by using jettiness as a resummation variable. The full derivation for colour-singlet processes is presented using $0$-jettiness starting from the NNLL$^\prime$ resummation formula. We show phenomenological results for Drell-Yan and Higgs-boson production at the LHC and compare our predictions to ATLAS and CMS data. Differences to the original MINNLO formulation using the transverse momentum of the colour singlet as resummation variable are discussed. We further present a comparison of MINNLO predictions with GENEVA. Finally, we extend the formulation of the MINNLO method to 1-jettiness which is applicable to processes with a colour singlet plus one jet in the final state.

hep-ph