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Gláucia Murta

Publications and source records attributed to Gláucia Murta.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Anonymous transmission in a noisy quantum network using the W state

We consider the task of anonymously transmitting a quantum message in a network. We present a protocol that accomplishes this task using the W state and we analyze its performance in a quantum network where some form of noise is present. We then compare the performance of our protocol with some of the existing protocols developed for the task of anonymous transmission. We show that, in many regimes, our protocol tolerates more noise and achieves higher fidelities of the transmitted quantum message than the other ones. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our protocol tolerates one non-responsive node. We prove the security of our protocol in a semi-active adversary scenario, meaning that we consider an active adversary and a trusted source.

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Genuine-multipartite entanglement criteria based on positive maps

Positive maps applied to a subsystem of a bipartite quantum state constitute a central tool in characterising entanglement. In the multipartite case, however, the direct application of a positive but not completely positive map cannot distinguish if a state is genuinely multipartite entangled or just entangled across some bipartition. We thus generalise this bipartite concept to the multipartite setting by introducing non-positive maps that are positive on the subset of bi-separable states, but can map to a non-positive element if applied to a genuine multipartite entangled state. We explicitly construct examples of multipartite non-positive maps, obtained from positive maps via a lifting procedure, that in this fashion can reveal genuine multipartite entanglement in a robust way.

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Bounds on quantum nonlocality

One of the main goals in the study of quantum nonlocality is to determine the maximum violation achieved by quantum correlations in a Bell scenario. However, given a Bell inequality, there is no general algorithm to perform this task. As an intermediate step, the development of efficiently computable bounds has played an important role for the advance of the field. In this thesis we phrase the problem of determining the quantum value of a Bell expression in the framework of computational complexity. Then we present our contributions exploring efficiently computable bounds (based on the spectral norm of some matrices) to the quantum value of a particular class of Bell inequalities: the linear games. We derive several results for the bipartite and the multipartite scenarios.

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On the tightness of correlation inequalities with no quantum violation

We study the faces of the set of quantum correlations, i.e., the Bell and noncontextuality inequalities without any quantum violation. First, we investigate the question whether every proper (tight) Bell inequality for two parties, other than the trivial ones from positivity, normalization and no-signaling can be violated by quantum correlations, i.e., whether the classical Bell polytope or the smaller correlation polytope share any facets with their respective quantum sets. To do this, we develop a recently derived bound on the quantum value of linear games based on the norms of game matrices to give a simple sufficient condition to identify linear games with no quantum advantage. Additionally we show how this bound can be extended to the general class of unique games, illustrating it for the case of three outcomes. We then show as a main result that the paradigmatic examples of correlation Bell inequalities with no quantum violation, namely the non-local computation games do not constitute tight Bell inequalities, not even for the correlation polytope. We also extend this to an arbitrary prime number of outcomes for a specific class of these games. We then study the faces in the simplest CHSH Bell scenario of binary dichotomic measurements, and identify edges in the set of quantum correlations in this scenario. Finally, we relate the non-contextual polytope of single-party correlation inequalities with the cut polytope $CUT(\nabla G)$, where $G$ denotes the compatibility graph of observables in the contextuality scenario and $\nabla G$ denotes the suspension graph of $G$. We observe that there exist tight non-contextuality inequalities with no quantum violation, and furthermore that this set of inequalities is beyond those implied by the Consistent Exclusivity principle.

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Generalized XOR games with $d$ outcomes and the task of non-local computation

A natural generalization of the binary XOR games to the class of XOR-d games with $d > 2$ outcomes is studied. We propose an algebraic bound to the quantum value of these games and use it to derive several interesting properties of these games. As an example, we re-derive in a simple manner a recently discovered bound on the quantum value of the CHSH-d game for prime $d$. It is shown that no total function XOR-d game with uniform inputs can be a pseudo-telepathy game, there exists a quantum strategy to win the game only when there is a classical strategy also. We then study the principle of lack of quantum advantage in the distributed non-local computation of binary functions which is a well-known information-theoretic principle designed to pick out quantum correlations from amongst general no-signaling ones. We prove a large-alphabet generalization of this principle, showing that quantum theory provides no advantage in the task of non-local distributed computation of a restricted class of functions with $d$ outcomes for prime $d$, while general no-signaling boxes do. Finally, we consider the question whether there exist two-party tight Bell inequalities with no quantum advantage, and show that the binary non-local computation game inequalities for the restricted class of functions are not facet defining for any number of inputs.

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Quantum bounds on multiplayer linear games and device-independent witness of genuine tripartite entanglement

Here we study multiplayer linear games, a natural generalization of XOR games to multiple outcomes. We generalize a recently proposed efficiently computable bound, in terms of the norm of a game matrix, on the quantum value of 2-player games to linear games with $n$ players. As an example, we bound the quantum value of a generalization of the well-known CHSH game to $n$ players and $d$ outcomes. We also apply the bound to show in a simple manner that any nontrivial functional box, that could lead to trivialization of communication complexity in a multiparty scenario, cannot be realized in quantum mechanics. We then present a systematic method to derive device-independent witnesses of genuine tripartite entanglement.

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Bounds on quantum nonlocality via partial transposition

We explore the link between two concepts: the level of violation of a Bell inequality by a quantum state and discrimination between two states by means of restricted classes of operations, such as local operations and classical communication (LOCC) and separable ones. For any bipartite Bell inequality, we show that its value on a given quantum state cannot exceed the classical bound by more than the maximal quantum violation shrunk by a factor related to distinguishability of this state from the separable set by means of some restricted class of operations. We then consider the general scenarios where the parties are allowed to perform a local pre-processing of many copies of the state before the Bell test (asymptotic and hidden-nonlocality scenarios). We define the asymptotic relative entropy of nonlocality and, for PPT states, we bound this quantity by the relative entropy of entanglement of the partially transposed state. The bounds are strong enough to limit the use of certain states containing private key in the device-independent scenario.

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Quantum nonlocality as the route for ever-lasting unconditionally secure bit commitment

We present a bit commitment protocol based on quantum nonlocality that seems to bring ever-lasting unconditional security. Although security is not rigorously proved, physical arguments and numerical simulations support this conclusion. The key point is that the proof of the commitment is forced to become classical data uncorrelated with anything else. This allows us to circumvent previous impossibility proofs in which it is assumed that classical data can be replaced by quantum data that may be entangled with the committer. The proposed protocol also recovers two features missing in recent "relativistic" quantum bit commitment protocols: (i) the committer can decide if and when she wants to reveal the commitment and (ii) the security of the commitment lasts for arbitrary long time.

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Characterising the Performance of XOR Games and the Shannon Capacity of Graphs

In this paper we give a set of necessary and sufficient conditions such that quantum players of a two-party {\sc xor} game cannot perform any better than classical players. With any such game, we associate a graph and examine its zero-error communication capacity. This allows us to specify a broad new class of graphs for which the Shannon capacity can be calculated. The conditions also enable the parametrisation of new families of games which have no quantum advantage, for arbitrary input probability distributions up to certain symmetries. In the future, these might be used in information-theoretic studies on reproducing the set of quantum non-local correlations.

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