arXiv subjects

Gui-Jun Ding

Publications and source records attributed to Gui-Jun Ding.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

arXiv2019

CP Symmetries as Guiding Posts: revamping tri-bi-maximal Mixing. Part II

In this follow up of arXiv:1812.04663 we analyze the generalized CP symmetries of the charged lepton mass matrix compatible with the complex version of the Tri-Bi-Maximal (TBM) lepton mixing pattern. These symmetries are used to `revamp' the simplest TBM \textit{Ansatz} in a systematic way. Our generalized patterns share some of the attractive features of the original TBM matrix and are consistent with current oscillation experiments. We also discuss their phenomenological implications both for upcoming neutrino oscillation and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments.

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arXiv2019

Neutrino Mass and Mixing with $A_5$ Modular Symmetry

We present a comprehensive analysis of neutrino mass and lepton mixing in theories with $A_5$ modular symmetry. We construct the weight 2, weight 4 and weight 6 modular forms of level 5 in terms of Dedekind eta-functions and Klein forms, and their decomposition into irreducible representation of $A_5$. We construct all the simplest models based on $A_5$ modular symmetry, including scenarios of models with and without flavons in the charged lepton sectors. For each case, the neutrino masses can be generated through either the Weinberg operator or the type I seesaw mechanism. We perform an exhaustive numerical analysis, organising our results in an extensive set of figures and tables.

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arXiv2019

Predicting neutrino oscillations with "bi-large" lepton mixing matrices

We propose two schemes for the lepton mixing matrix $U = U_l^\dagger U_ν$, where $U = U_l$ refers to the charged sector, and $U_ν$ denotes the neutrino diagonalization matrix. We assume $U_ν$ to be CP conserving and its three angles to be connected with the Cabibbo angle in a simple manner. CP violation arises solely from the $U_l$, assumed to have the CKM form, $U_l\simeq V_{\rm CKM}$, suggested by unification. Oscillation parameters depend on a single parameter, leading to narrow ranges for the "solar" and "accelerator" angles $θ_{12}$ and $θ_{23}$, as well as for the CP phase, predicted as $δ_{\rm CP}\sim 1.3π$.

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arXiv2019

Dihedral flavor group as the key to understand quark and lepton flavor mixing

We have studied the lepton and quark mixing patterns which can be derived from the dihedral group $D_n$ in combination with CP symmetry. The left-handed lepton and quark doublets are assigned to the direct sum of a singlet and a doublet of $D_n$. A unified description of the observed structure of the quark and lepton mixing can be achieved if the flavor group $D_n$ and CP are broken to $Z_2\times CP$ in neutrino, charged lepton, up quark and down quark sectors, and the minimal group is $D_{14}$. We also consider another scenario in which the residual symmetry of the charged lepton and up quark sector is $Z_2$ while $Z_2\times CP$ remains preserved by the neutrino and down quark mass matrices. Then $D_7$ can give the experimentally favored values of CKM and PMNS mixing matrices.

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arXiv2018

Scalar Electroweak Multiplet Dark Matter

We revisit the theory and phenomenology of scalar electroweak multiplet thermal dark matter. We derive the most general, renormalizable scalar potential, assuming the presence of the Standard Model Higgs doublet, $H$, and an electroweak multiplet $Φ$ of arbitrary SU(2$)_L$ rank and hypercharge, $Y$. We show that, in general, the $Φ$-$H$ Higgs portal interactions depend on three, rather than two independent couplings as has been previously considered in the literature. For the phenomenologically viable case of $Y=0$ multiplets, we focus on the septuplet and quintuplet cases, and consider the interplay of relic density and spin-independent direct detection cross section. We show that both the relic density and direct detection cross sections depend on a single linear combination of Higgs portal couplings, $λ_{\rm eff}$. For $λ_{\rm eff}\sim \mathcal{O}(1)$, present direct detection exclusion limits imply that the neutral component of a scalar electroweak multiplet would comprise a subdominant fraction of the observed DM relic density.

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arXiv2018

CP Symmetries as Guiding Posts: Revamping Tri-Bi-Maximal Mixing-I

We analyze the possible generalized CP symmetries admitted by the Tri-Bi-Maximal (TBM) neutrino mixing. Taking advantage of these symmetries we construct in a systematic way other variants of the standard TBM ansatz. Depending on the type and number of generalized CP symmetries imposed, we get new mixing matrices, all of which related to the original TBM matrix. One of such "revamped" TBM variants is the recently discussed mixing matrix of arXiv:1806.03367. We also briefly discuss the phenomenological implications following from these mixing patterns.

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arXiv2018

Tri-Direct CP in the Littlest Seesaw Playground

We discuss spontaneously broken CP symmetry in two right-handed neutrino models based on the idea of having a {\it different residual flavour symmetry}, together with a {\it different residual CP symmetry}, associated with each of the two right-handed neutrinos. The charged lepton sector also has a {\it different residual flavour symmetry}. In such a {\it tri-direct CP approach}, we show that the combination of the three residual flavour and two residual CP symmetries provides a new way of fixing the parameters. To illustrate the approach, we revisit the Littlest Seesaw (LSS) model based on $S_4$ and then propose new variants which have not so far appeared in the literature, with different predictions for each variant. We analyse numerically the predictions of the new variants, and then propose an explicit model which can realise one of the successful benchmark points, based on the atmospheric flavon vacuum alignment $(1, ω^2 , ω)$ and the solar flavon vacuum alignment $(1, -7/2, -7/2 )$.

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arXiv2018

Lepton Mixing Predictions from $S_4$ in the Tri-Direct CP approach to Two Right-handed Neutrino Models

We perform an exhaustive analysis of all possible breaking patterns arising from $S_4\rtimes H_{CP}$ in a new {\it tri-direct CP approach} to the minimal seesaw model with two right-handed neutrinos, and construct a realistic flavour model along these lines. According to this approach, separate residual flavour and CP symmetries persist in the charged lepton, `atmospheric' and `solar' right-handed neutrino sectors, i.e. we have {\it three} symmetry sectors rather than the usual two of the {\it semi-direct CP approach} (charged leptons and neutrinos). Following the {\it tri-direct CP approach}, we find twenty-six kinds of independent phenomenologically interesting mixing patterns. Eight of them predict a normal ordering (NO) neutrino mass spectrum and the other eighteen predict an inverted ordering (IO) neutrino mass spectrum. For each phenomenologically interesting mixing pattern, the corresponding predictions for the PMNS matrix, the lepton mixing parameters, the neutrino masses and the effective mass in neutrinoless double beta decay are given in a model independent way. One breaking pattern with NO spectrum and two breaking patterns with IO spectrum corresponds to form dominance. We find that the lepton mixing matrices of three kinds of breaking patterns with NO spectrum and one form dominance breaking pattern with IO spectrum preserve the first column of the tri-bimaximal (TB) mixing matrix, i.e. yield a TM1 mixing matrix.

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arXiv2018

Neutrino Predictions from Generalized CP Symmetries of Charged Leptons

We study the implications of generalized CP transformations acting on the mass matrices of charged leptons in a model-independent way. Generalized $e-μ$, $e-τ$ and $μ-τ$ symmetries are considered in detail. In all cases the physical parameters of the lepton mixing matrix, three mixing angles and three CP phases can be expressed in terms of a restricted set of independent "theory" parameters that characterize a given choice of CP transformation. This leads to implications for neutrino oscillations as well as neutrinoless double beta decay experiments.

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arXiv2018

Systematic Study of One-Loop Dirac Neutrino Masses and Viable Dark Matter Candidates

We study the generation of small neutrino masses from the dimension six effective operator at tree level and one-loop level, the neutrinos are assumed to be Dirac particles. We find out all possible tree and one-loop diagrams which lead to finite neutrino masses. The relevant mediator fields and the predictions for neutrino masses are presented. The lower order contributions to neutrino masses can be forbidden by introducing soft breaking abelian symmetry or finite non-abelian symmetry. The messengers inside the loop can be dark matter particles. The possible dark matter candidates and the corresponding constraints on the parameter $α$ are analyzed for each model.

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arXiv2018

Realistic Tri-Bi-Maximal neutrino mixing

We propose a generalized version of the Tri-Bi-Maximal (TBM) ansatz for lepton mixing, leading to non-zero reactor angle $θ_{13}$ and CP violation. The latter is characterized by two CP phases. The Dirac phase affecting neutrino oscillations is nearly maximal ($δ_{CP} \sim \pm π/2$), while the Majorana phase implies narrow allowed ranges for the neutrinoless double beta decay amplitude. The solar angle $θ_{12}$ lies nearly at its TBM value, while the atmospheric angle $θ_{23}$ has the TBM value for maximal $δ_{CP}$. Neutrino oscillation predictions can be tested in present and upcoming experiments.

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arXiv2018

Quark and Lepton Mixing Patterns from a Common Discrete Flavor Symmetry with Generalized CP

We have studied two approaches to predict quark and lepton mixing patterns from the same flavor symmetry group in combination with CP symmetry. The first approach is based on the residual symmetry $Z_2$ in the charged lepton sector and $Z_2\times CP$ in the neutrino sector. All lepton mixing angles and CP violation phases depend on three real parameters $θ_{l}$, $δ_{l}$ and $θ_ν$. This approach is extended to the quark sector, the up and down quark mass matrices are assumed to be invariant under a $Z_2$ subgroup and $Z_2\times CP$. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the equivalence of two mixing patterns are derived. The second approach has an abelian subgroup and a single CP transformation as residual symmetries of the charged lepton and neutrino sectors respectively. The lepton mixing would be determined up to a real orthogonal matrix multiplied from the right hand side. Analogously we assume that a single CP transformation is preserved by the down (or up) quark mass matrix, and the residual symmetry of the up (or down) quark sector is be an abelian subgroup. As an example, we analyze the possible mixing patterns which can be obtained from the breaking of $Δ(6n^2)$ and CP symmetries. We find $Δ(294)$ combined with CP is the smallest flavor group which can give a good fit to the experimental data of quark and lepton mixing in both approaches.

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arXiv2018

Systematic Analysis of Dirac Neutrino Masses at Dimension Five

We perform a systematic study of the Dirac neutrino masses which arise from a dimension five effective operator with a singlet scalar. We identify all possible realizations of this operator at tree level and one-loop level. The corresponding predictions for the particle content and neutrino mass matrix are presented. We add a $Z_{2}$ symmetry to forbid the renormalizable Yukawa coupling, and non-abelian discrete flavor symmetry can be used to forbid tree level diagrams in non-genuine one-loop models. The electrically neutral particle mediating the loop diagram could be dark matter candidate. We give the possible dark matter particles and the restrictions on the parameter $α$ for each model.

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arXiv2017

Implications of residual CP symmetry for leptogenesis in a model with two right-handed neutrinos

We analyze the interplay between leptogenesis and residual symmetry in the framework of two right-handed neutrino model. Working in the flavor basis, we show that all the leptogenesis CP asymmetries are vanishing for the case of two residual CP transformations or a cyclic residual flavor symmetry in the neutrino sector. If a single remnant CP transformation is preserved in the neutrino sector, the lepton mixing matrix is determined up to a real orthogonal matrix multiplied from the right side. The $R$-matrix is found to depend on only one real parameter, it can take three viable forms, and each entry is either real or purely imaginary. The baryon asymmetry is generated entirely by the CP violating phases in the mixing matrix in this scenario. We perform a comprehensive study for the $Δ(6n^2)$ flavor group and CP symmetry which are broken to a single remnant CP transformation in the neutrino sector and an abelian subgroup in the charged lepton sector. The results for lepton flavor mixing and leptogenesis are presented.

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arXiv2017

Toward a unified interpretation of quark and lepton mixing from flavor and CP symmetries

We discussed the scenario that a discrete flavor group combined with CP symmetry is broken to $Z_2\times CP$ in both neutrino and charged lepton sectors. All lepton mixing angles and CP violation phases are predicted to depend on two free parameters $θ_{l}$ and $θ_ν$ varying in the range of $[0, π)$. As an example, we comprehensively study the lepton mixing patterns which can be derived from the flavor group $Δ(6n^2)$ and CP symmetry. Three kinds of phenomenologically viable lepton mixing matrices are obtained up to row and column permutations. We further extend this approach to the quark sector. The precisely measured quark mixing angles and CP invariant can be accommodated for certain values of the free parameters $θ_{u}$ and $θ_{d}$. A simultaneous description of quark and lepton flavor mixing structures can be achieved from a common flavor group $Δ(6n^2)$ and CP, and accordingly the smallest value of the group index $n$ is $n=7$.

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arXiv2017

Golden Littlest Seesaw

We propose and analyse a new class of Littlest Seesaw models, with two right-handed neutrinos in their diagonal mass basis, based on preserving the first column of the Golden Ratio mixing matrix. We perform an exhaustive analysis of all possible remnant symmetries of the group $A_5$ which can be used to enforce various vacuum alignments for the flavon controlling solar mixing, for two simple cases of the atmospheric flavon vacuum alignment. The solar and atmospheric flavon vacuum alignments are enforced by {\em different} remnant symmetries. We examine the phenomenological viability of each of the possible Littlest Seesaw alignments in $A_5$, which preserve the first column of the Golden ratio mixing matrix, using figures and extensive tables of benchmark points and comparing our predictions to a recent global analysis of neutrino data. We also repeat the analysis for an alternative form of Golden Ratio mixing matrix.

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arXiv2016

Alternative Schemes of Predicting Lepton Mixing Parameters from Discrete Flavor and CP Symmetry

We suggest two alternative schemes to predict lepton mixing angles as well as $CP$ violating phases from a discrete flavor symmetry group combined with $CP$ symmetry. In the first scenario, the flavor and $CP$ symmetry is broken to the residual groups of the structure $Z_2\times CP$ in the neutrino and charged lepton sectors. The resulting lepton mixing matrix depends on two free parameters $θ_ν$ and $θ_{l}$. This type of breaking pattern is extended to the quark sector. In the second scheme, an abelian subgroup contained in the flavor group is preserved by the charged lepton mass matrix and the neutrino mass matrix is invariant under a single remnant $CP$ transformation, all lepton mixing parameter are determined in terms of three free parameters $θ_{1, 2, 3}$. We derive the most general criterion to determine whether two distinct residual symmetries lead to the same mixing pattern if the redefinition of the free parameters $θ_{ν, l}$ and $θ_{1, 2, 3}$ is taken into account. We have studied the lepton mixing patterns arising from the flavor group $S_4$ and $CP$ symmetry which are subsequently broken to all of the possible residual symmetries discussed in this work.

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arXiv2016

$A_4$ and CP symmetry and a model with maximal CP violation

We study a second CP symmetry compatible with the $A_4$ flavor group, which interchanges the representations $\mathbf{1}'$ and $\mathbf{1}"$. We analyze the lepton mixing patterns arising from the $A_4$ and CP symmetry broken to residual subgroups $Z_3$ and $Z_2\times CP$ in the charged lepton and neutrino sectors respectively. One phenomenologically viable mixing pattern is found, and it predicts maximal atmospheric mixing angle as well as maximal Dirac CP phase, trivial Majorana phase and the correlation $\sin^2θ_{12}\cos^2θ_{13}=1/3$. We construct a concrete model based on the $A_4$ and CP symmetry, the above interesting mixing pattern is achieved, the observed charged lepton mass hierarchy is reproduced, and the reactor mixing angle $θ_{13}$ is of the correct order.

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