arXiv subjects

Guido Caldarelli

Publications and source records attributed to Guido Caldarelli.

143 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

arXiv2003

Generalized Network Growth: from Microscopic Strategies to the Real Internet Properties

In this paper we present a generalized model for network growth that links the microscopical agent strategies with the large scale behavior. This model is intended to reproduce the largest number of features of the Internet network at the Autonomous System (AS) level. Our model of network grows by adding both new vertices and new edges between old vertices. In the latter case a ``rewarding attachment'' takes place mimicking the disassortative mixing between small routers to larger ones. We find a good agreement between experimental data and the model for the degree distribution, the betweenness distribution, the clustering coefficient and the correlation functions for the degrees.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2002

Cycles structure and local ordering in complex networks

We study the properties of metrics aimed at the characterization of grid-like ordering in complex networks. These metrics are based on the global and local behavior of cycles of order four, which are the minimal structures able to identify rectangular clustering. The analysis of data from real networks reveals the ubiquitous presence of a high level of grid-like ordering that is non-trivially correlated with the local degree properties. These observations provide new insights on the hierarchical structure of complex networks.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2002

Topology of correlation based minimal spanning trees in real and model markets

We present here a topological characterization of the minimal spanning tree that can be obtained by considering the price return correlations of stocks traded in a financial market. We compare the minimal spanning tree obtained from a large group of stocks traded at the New York Stock Exchange during a 12-year trading period with the one obtained from surrogated data simulated by using simple market models. We find that the empirical tree has features of a complex network that cannot be reproduced, even as a first approximation, by a random market model and by the one-factor model.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2002

Dynamic Fracture Model for Acoustic Emission

We study the acoustic emission produced by micro-cracks using a two-dimensional disordered lattice model of dynamic fracture, which allows to relate the acoustic response to the internal damage of the sample. We find that the distributions of acoustic energy bursts decays as a power law in agreement with experimental observations. The scaling exponents measured in the present dynamic model can related to those obtained in the quasi-static random fuse model.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv2002

Roughness of fracture surfaces

We study the fracture surface of three dimensional samples through a model for quasi-static fractures known as Born Model. We find for the roughness exponent a value of 0.5 expected for ``small length scales'' in microfracturing experiments. Our simulations confirm that at small length scales the fracture can be considered as quasi-static. The isotropy of the roughness exponent on the crack surface is also shown. Finally, considering the crack front, we compute the roughness exponents for longitudinal and transverse fluctuations of the crack line (both 0.5). They result in agreement with experimental data, and supports the possible application of the model of line depinning in the case of long-range interactions.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2002

Cold and Warm Denaturation of Proteins

We introduce a simplified protein model where the water degrees of freedom appear explicitly (although in an extremely simplified fashion). Using this model we are able to recover both the warm and the cold protein denaturation within a single framework, while addressing important issues about the structure of model proteins.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2001

Percolation in real Wildfires

This paper focuses on the statistical properties of wild-land fires and, in particular, investigates if spread dynamics relates to simple invasion model. The fractal dimension and lacunarity of three fire scars classified from satellite imagery are analysed. Results indicate that the burned clusters behave similarly to percolation clusters on boundaries and look more dense in their core. We show that Dynamical Percolation reproduces this behaviour and can help to describe the fire evolution. By mapping fire dynamics onto the percolation models the strategies for fire control might be improved.

cond-mat↗

arXiv2001

Statistical Features of Drainage Basins in Mars Channel Networks

Erosion by flowing water is one of the major forces shaping the surface of Earth. Studies in the last decade have shown, in particular, that the drainage region of rivers, where water is collected, exhibits scale invariant features characterized by exponents that are the same for rivers around the world. Here we show that from the data obtained by the MOLA altimeter of the Mars Global Surveyor one can perform the same analysis for mountain sides on Mars. We then show that in some regions fluid erosion might have played a role in the present martian landscape.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2000

Discretized Diffusion Processes

We study the properties of the ``Rigid Laplacian'' operator, that is we consider solutions of the Laplacian equation in the presence of fixed truncation errors. The dynamics of convergence to the correct analytical solution displays the presence of a metastable set of numerical solutions, whose presence can be related to granularity. We provide some scaling analysis in order to determine the value of the exponents characterizing the process. We believe that this prototype model is also suitable to provide an explanation of the widespread presence of power-law in social and economic system where information and decision diffuse, with errors and delay from agent to agent.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2000

Putting Proteins back into Water

We introduce a simplified protein model where the solvent (water) degrees of freedom appear explicitly (although in an extremely simplified fashion). Using this model we are able to recover the thermodynamic phenomenology of proteins over a wide range of temperatures. In particular we describe both the warm and the {\it cold} protein denaturation within a single framework, while addressing important issues about the structure of model proteins.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2000

Fractal Growth from Local Instabilities

We study, both with numerical simulations and theoretical methods, a cellular automata model for continuum equations describing growth processes in the presence of an external flux of particles. As a result of local instabilities we find a fractal regime of growth for small external fluxes. The growing tip is selected with probability proportional to the curvature in the point. A parameter $p$ gives the probability of lateral growth on the tip. The value of $p$ determines the fractal dimension of the aggregate. Furthermore, for each value of $p$ a cross-over between two different fractal dimensions is observed. Instead, the roughness exponent $χ$ of the aggregates does not depend on $p$ ($χ\simeq 0.5$). Fixed scale transformation approach is applied to compute theoretically the fractal dimension for one of the branches of the structure.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2000

Damaging and Cracks in Thin Mud Layers

We present a detailed study of a two-dimensional minimal lattice model for the description of mud cracking in the limit of extremely thin layers. In this model each bond of the lattice is assigned to a (quenched) breaking threshold. Fractures proceed through the selection of the part of the material with the smallest breaking threshold. A local damaging rule is also implemented, by using two different types of weakening of the neighboring sites, corresponding to different physical situations. Some analytical results are derived through a probabilistic approach known as Run Time Statistics. In particular, we find that the total time to break down the sample grows with the dimension $L$ of the lattice as $L^2$ even though the percolating cluster has a non trivial fractal dimension. Furthermore, a formula for the mean weakening in time of the whole sample is obtained.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv1999

Cold and Warm Denaturation of Hydrophobic Polymers

We introduce a polymer model where the transition from swollen to compact configurations is due to interactions between the monomers and the solvent. These interactions are the origin of the effective attractive interactions between hydrophobic amminoacids in proteins. We find that in the low and high temperature phases polymers are swollen, and there is an intermediate phase where the most favorable configurations are compact. We argue that such a model captures in a single framework both the cold and the warm denaturation experimentally detected for proteins. Some consequences for protein folding are discussed.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv1999

Invasion Percolation with Temperature and the Nature of SOC in Real Systems

We show that the introduction of thermal noise in Invasion Percolation (IP) brings the system outside the critical point. This result suggests a possible definition of SOC systems as ordinary critical systems where the critical point correspond to set to 0 one of the parameters. We recover both IP and EDEN model, for $T \to 0$, and $T \to \infty$ respectively. For small $T$ we find a dynamical second order transition with correlation length diverging when $T \to 0$.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv1998

Stationary Self-Organized Fractal Structures in an Open,Dissipative Electrical System

We study the stationary state of a Poisson problem for a system of N perfectly conducting metal balls driven by electric forces to move within a medium of very low electrical conductivity onto which charges are sprayed from outside. When grounded at a confining boundary, the system of metal balls is experimentally known to self-organize into stable fractal aggregates. We simulate the dynamical conditions leading to the formation of such aggregated patterns and analyse the fractal properties. From our results and those obtained for steady-state systems that obey minimum total energy dissipation (and potential energy of the system as a whole), we suggest a possible dynamical rule for the emergence of scale-free structures in nature.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv1998

Modelling coevolution in multispecies communities

We introduce the Webworld model, which links together the ecological modelling of food web structure with the evolutionary modelling of speciation and extinction events. The model describes dynamics of ecological communities on an evolutionary timescale. Species are defined as sets of characteristic features, and these features are used to determine interaction scores between species. A simple rule is used to transfer resources from the external environment through the food web to each of the species, and to determine mean population sizes. A time step in the model represents a speciation event. A new species is added with features similar to those of one of the existing species and a new food web structure is then calculated. The new species may (i) add stably to the web, (ii) become extinct immediately because it is poorly adapted, or (iii) cause one or more other species to become extinct due to competition for resources. We measure various properties of the model webs and compare these with data on real food webs. These properties include the proportions of basal, intermediate and top species, the number of links per species and the number of trophic levels. We also study the evolutionary dynamics of the model ecosystem by following the fluctuations in the total number of species in the web. Extinction avalanches occur when novel organisms arise which are significantly better adapted than existing ones. We discuss these results in relation to the observed extinction events in the fossil record, and to the theory of self-organized criticality.

adap-org↗

arXiv1994

Memory and Self Organization

The main result of this letter is that SOC naturally arises as a result of memory effects. We show that memory effects provide the mechanism for self organization. A general procedure to investigate this issue in models that display self organized critical behaviour is proposed and applied to some example. The simplest class of models exhibiting self organized criticality through this mechanism is introduced and discussed in some detail. PACS: 02.50-r, 05.40+j, 05.40jk

cond-mat↗