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Gunnar S. Bali

Publications and source records attributed to Gunnar S. Bali.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

$D_s \rightarrow η, η'$ semileptonic decay form factors with disconnected quark loop contributions

We calculate for the first time the form factors of the semi-leptonic decays of the $D_s$ meson to $η$ and $η^\prime$ using lattice techniques. As a by-product of the calculation we obtain the masses and leading distribution amplitudes of the $η$ and $η^\prime$ mesons. We use $N_f=2+1$ non-perturbatively improved clover fermions on configurations with a lattice spacing $a\sim 0.075$ fm. We are able to obtain clear signals for relevant matrix elements, using several noise reduction techniques, both for the connected and disconnected contributions. This includes a new method for reducing the variance of pseudoscalar disconnected two-point functions. At zero momentum transfer, we obtain for the scalar form factors, $|f_0^{D_s\to η}|=0.564(11)$ and $|f_0^{D_s\to η'}|=0.437(18)$ at $M_π\approx 470\, {\rm MeV}$, as well as $|f_0^{D_s\to η}|=0.542(13)$ and $|f_0^{D_s\to η'}|=0.404(25)$ at $M_π\approx 370\, {\rm MeV}$, where the errors are statistical only.

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The moment $\langle x\rangle_{u-d}$ of the nucleon from $N_f=2$ lattice QCD down to nearly physical quark masses

We present an update of our analysis [1] which includes additional ensembles at different quark masses, lattice spacings and volumes, all with high statistics. We use $N_f=2$ mass-degenerate quark flavours, employing the non-perturbatively improved clover action. The lattice matrix elements are converted to the $\overline{\rm MS}$ scheme via renormalization factors determined non-perturbatively in the RI$^\prime$-MOM scheme. We have systematically investigated excited state contributions, in particular, at the smallest, near physical, pion mass. While our results~(with much increased precision) are consistent with Ref.~[1], comparing with previous determinations we find that excited state contributions can be significant if the quark smearing is not suitably optimized, in agreement with other recent studies. The difference with respect to the value for $\langle x\rangle_{u-d}$ extracted from experimental data is reduced but not resolved. Using lattice sizes in the range $L m_π\sim 3.4-6.7$, no significant finite volume effects were observed. Performing a controlled continuum limit that may remove the discrepancy will require simulations at lattice spacings $a< 0.06$ fm.

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Model-independent determination of the gluon condensate in four-dimensional SU(3) gauge theory

We determine the non-perturbative gluon condensate of four-dimensional SU(3) gauge theory in a model independent way. This is achieved by carefully subtracting high order perturbation theory results from non-perturbative lattice QCD determinations of the average plaquette. No indications of dimension two condensates are found. The value of the gluon condensate turns out to be of a similar size as the intrinsic ambiguity inherent to its definition.

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Perturbative expansion of the plaquette to ${\cal O}(α^{35})$ in four-dimensional SU(3) gauge theory

Using numerical stochastic perturbation theory, we determine the first 35 infinite volume coefficients of the perturbative expansion in powers of the strong coupling constant $α$ of the plaquette in SU(3) gluodynamics. These coefficients are obtained in lattice regularization with the standard Wilson gauge action. The on-set of the dominance of the dimension four renormalon associated to the gluon condensate is clearly observed. We determine the normalization of the corresponding singularity in the Borel plane and convert this into the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme. We also comment on the impact of the renormalon on non-perturbative determinations of the gluon condensate.

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Large-N mesons

We present an update of our project of computing the meson spectrum and decay constants in large-N QCD. The results are obtained in the quenched approximation with the Wilson fermion action for N = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 17 and extrapolated to infinite N. We non-perturbatively determine the renormalization factors for local quark bilinears that are needed to compute the decay constants. We extrapolate our SU(7) results to the continuum limit, employing four different lattice spacings.

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Nucleon structure from stochastic estimators

Using stochastic estimators for connected meson and baryon three-point functions has successfully been tried in the past years. Compared to the standard sequential source method we trade the freedom to compute the current-to-sink propagator independently of the hadron sink for additional stochastic noise in our observables. In the case of the nucleon we can use this freedom to compute many different sink-momentum/polarization combinations, which grants access to more virtualities. We will present preliminary results on the scalar, electro-magnetic and axial form factors of the nucleon in $N_f=2+1$ lattice QCD and contrast the performance of the stochastic method to the sequential source method. We find the stochastic method to be competitive in terms of errors at fixed cost.

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The static quark self-energy at O($α^{20}$) in perturbation theory

In Refs. [1,2] we determined the infinite volume coefficients of the perturbative expansions of the self-energies of static sources in the fundamental and adjoint representations in SU(3) gluodynamics to order $α^{20}$. We used numerical stochastic perturbation theory [3], where we employed a new second order integrator and twisted boundary conditions. The expansions were obtained in lattice regularization with the Wilson action and two different discretizations of the covariant time derivative within the Polyakov loop. Overall, we obtained four different perturbative series. For all of them the high order coefficients displayed the factorial growth predicted by the conjectured renormalon picture, based on the operator product expansion. This enabled us to determine the normalization constants of the leading infrared renormalons of heavy quark and heavy gluino pole masses. Here we present improved determinations of the normalization constants and the perturbative coefficients by incorporating the four-loop beta-function coefficient (which we also determine) in the fit function.

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Mesons in large-N QCD

We present the results of a systematic, first-principles study of the spectrum and decay constants of mesons for different numbers of color charges N, via lattice computations. We restrict our attention to states in the non-zero isospin sector, evaluating the masses associated with the ground-state and first excitation in the pseudoscalar, vector, scalar, and axial vector channels. Our results are based on a new set of simulations of four dimensional SU(N) Yang-Mills theories with the number of colors ranging from N=2 to N=17; the spectra and the decay constants are computed in the quenched approximation (which becomes exact in the 't Hooft limit) using Wilson fermions. After discussing the extrapolations to the chiral and large-N limits, we present a comparison of our results to some of the numerical computations and analytical predictions available in the literature - including, in particular, those from holographic computations.

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Perturbative expansion of the energy of static sources at large orders in four-dimensional SU(3) gauge theory

We determine the infinite volume coefficients of the perturbative expansions of the self-energies of static sources in the fundamental and adjoint representations in SU(3) gluodynamics to order α^{20} in the strong coupling parameter α. We use numerical stochastic perturbation theory, where we employ a new second order integrator and twisted boundary conditions. The expansions are obtained in lattice regularization with the Wilson action and two different discretizations of the covariant time derivative within the Polyakov loop. Overall, we obtain four different perturbative series. For all of them the high order coefficients display the factorial growth predicted by the conjectured renormalon picture, based on the operator product expansion. This enables us to determine the normalization constants of the leading infrared renormalons of heavy quark and heavy gluino pole masses and to translate these into the modified minimal subtraction scheme (MS). We also estimate the four-loop β-function coefficient of the lattice scheme.

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The meson spectrum in large-N QCD

We present lattice results on the meson spectrum and decay constants in large-N QCD. The results are obtained in the quenched approximation for N = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 17 and extrapolated to infinite N.

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_{u-d} from lattice QCD at nearly physical quark masses

We determine the second Mellin moment of the isovector quark parton distribution function _{u-d} from lattice QCD with N_f=2 sea quark flavours, employing the non-perturbatively improved Wilson-Sheikholeslami-Wohlert action at a pseudoscalar mass of 157(6) MeV. The result is converted non-perturbatively to the RI'-MOM scheme and then perturbatively to the MSbar scheme at a scale mu = 2 GeV. As the quark mass is reduced we find the lattice prediction to approach the value extracted from experiments.

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Compelling evidence of renormalons in QCD from high order perturbative expansions

We compute the static self-energy of SU(3) gauge theory in four spacetime dimensions to order α^{20} in the strong coupling constant. We employ lattice regularization to enable a numerical simulation within the framework of stochastic perturbation theory. We find perfect agreement with the factorial growth of high order coefficients predicted by the conjectured renormalon picture based on the operator product expansion.

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Strangeness Contribution to the Proton Spin from Lattice QCD

We compute the strangeness and light-quark contributions Delta s, Delta u and Delta d to the proton spin in nf=2 lattice QCD at a pion mass of about 285 MeV and at a lattice spacing a approx 0.073 fm, using the non-perturbatively improved Sheikholeslami-Wohlert Wilson action. We carry out the renormalization of these matrix elements which involves mixing between contributions from different quark flavours. Our main result is the small negative value MSbar scheme value Delta s = -0.020(10)(4), at a scale mu = 7.4 GeV, of the strangeness contribution to the nucleon spin. The second error is an estimate of the uncertainty, due to the missing extrapolation to the physical point.

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The strange and light quark contributions to the nucleon mass from Lattice QCD

We determine the strangeness and light quark fractions of the nucleon mass by computing the quark line connected and disconnected contributions to the matrix elements m_q in lattice QCD, using the non-perturbatively improved Sheikholeslami-Wohlert Wilson Fermionic action. We simulate n_F=2 mass degenerate sea quarks with a pion mass of about 285 MeV and a lattice spacing a approx 0.073 fm. The renormalization of the matrix elements involves mixing between contributions from different quark flavours. The pion-nucleon sigma-term is extrapolated to physical quark masses exploiting the sea quark mass dependence of the nucleon mass. We obtain the renormalized values σ_{πN} = 38(12) MeV at the physical point and f_{T_s}=σ_s/m_N= 0.012(14)^{+10}_{-3} for the strangeness contribution at our larger than physical sea quark mass.

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The static quark self-energy at large orders from NSPT

Using Numerical Stochastic Perturbation Theory (NSPT), we calculate the static self-energy of SU(3) gauge theory up to order α^{20}. Simulations on a large set of different lattice volumes allow for a careful treatment of finite size effects. The resulting infinite volume perturbative series of the static self-energy is in remarkable agreement with the predicted asymptotic behaviour of high order expansions, namely with a factorial growth of perturbative coefficients known as renormalon.

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Charmonium spectroscopy and mixing with light quark and open charm states from nF=2 lattice QCD

We study the charmonium spectrum including higher spin and gluonic excitations. We determine an upper limit on the mixing of the eta_c ground state with light pseudoscalar flavour-singlet mesons and investigate the mixing of charmonia near open charm thresholds with pairs of (excited) D and anti-D mesons. For charm and light valence quarks and nF=2 sea quarks, we employ the non-perturbatively improved Sheikholeslami-Wohlert (clover) action. Excited states are accessed using the variational technique, starting from a basis of suitably optimised operators. For some aspects of this study, the use of improved stochastic all-to-all propagators was essential.

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Electromagnetic corrections to pseudoscalar decay constants

The effects of electromagnetic interactions on pseudoscalar decay constants are investigated. Using a compact QED and QCD action we are able to resolve differences of about 0.1 MeV. We obtain the preliminary results f_pi^0-f_pi^+/- =0.09(3) MeV and f_D^0-f_D^+/- =0.79(11) MeV for light and charmed pseudoscalar decay constants on a N_f=2 nonperturbatively improved Sheikholeslami-Wohlert ensemble.

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Effective noise reduction techniques for disconnected loops in Lattice QCD

Many Lattice QCD observables of phenomenological interest include so-called all-to-all propagators. The computation of these requires prohibitively large computational resources, unless they are estimated stochastically. This is usually done. However, the computational demand can often be further reduced by one order of magnitude by implementing sophisticated unbiased noise reduction techniques. We combine both well known and novel methods that can be applied to a wide range of problems. We concentrate on calculating disconnected contributions to nucleon structure functions, as one realistic benchmark example. In particular we determine the strangeness contributions to the nucleon, , and to the spin of the nucleon, Delta s.

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